Page:Cyclopaedia, Chambers - Volume 1.djvu/879

 GEM

C x 3 2 )

GEN

Names and Situations of the Stars.

In Pollux's Belly

That againft 'Pollux's Side

In hind Shoulder of Caftor South againft Pollux's Side Againft Caftor s Ear North againft Pollux's Side Againft Caftor 's hind Shoulder

55

Contiguous thereto, but more S. In the preced. Head of Caftor

Preced. of 4 under Pollux's Side Subfeq. in Caftor's Shoulder do

Over Caftor's Head

Second under Pollux's Side

^5 Between the two Heads Over Pollux's hind Shoulder In the hind Shoulder of Pollux In the Head of the %'■ olPollux

70 Over Pollux's Head Third under Pollux's Side

(lux Preced. of thofe that follow Pel-

75 Laft of 4 under Pollux's Side Middle of thofe y' followPollux

North of thofe y 1 follow Pollux

!£ Longitude.

/

/<

IU4

11

v:

14

49

a

14

32

03

14

49



14

2J

»)

1+

38

IC

I*

OO

4^

14-

44 46

15

01

2.

'5

22

58

15

JO

5 J

15

55


 * .c

18

'3

5 f '

18

15

24

17

01

34

16

10

28

16


 * 3

2:

17

35

3 IS

17

43

2.,

19

20

32

18

17

So

IP

01

1 5

19

20

iS

18

5«

o>

20

12

5!<

18

20

f

20

45

53

20

19

5J

20

55

12

21

49

57

22

43

34

22

54

28

24

07 4«

24

35


 * 7

Latitude.

13 07 A

1 40 58 A

2 55 4i B

50 57 B 5 31 otf B

5 43 3 5 B

1 41 55 A 9 45 10 B o 29 28 A if 09 23 B

5 58 20 B

10 03 48 B

if 02 17 A

5 50 21A

5 11 01B

13 18 13 B

2 52 4p B

6 16 15B iS 14 2«B

3 47 19 A

7 2 5 4< B

4 24 ©o B 3 02 23 B

6 39 27 B

57 03 A

12 01 41 B 2 40 59 A

1 57 19B

5 44 38 B 1 21 33B

o 54 41 A

7 11 2<5 B 7 08 01 B 9 27 22 B

3 « 7 6

7 8 7

4 5 6

J 6 S

6 5

if

5 if

7 «

5 if

4 5

Gemini, in Anatomy, two Muftles of theThigh, which arife from the Protuberance of the Ifchium, and are infertcd with the Pyriformis into the Dent at the Root of the great Trochanter.

GEMMA, or Sal Gemmje, is peculiarly ufed for Rock Salt, or Salt dug out of Mines. — See Salt.

The Name Gemma is applied hereto, on occasion of its Luftre, and Brillant; which is not unlike that ot Gryftal.

The principal Mines of this Salt are thofe of Wilifca, in Poland ; of Eperie, in Upper Hungary ; and of Cardonna, in Catalonia. — > — The principal Ufe of this Salt is for the powdering, or pickling of Meats, in Places destitute ot Salt- Springs, l$c.

Gemma, among Botanifls, the turgid Bud of any Tree, when it is beginning to bear ; call'd alfo Oculus, or Eye. Sec Bud, Eye, &c.

GEMONIjE, call'd alfo Scale Gemonije, and Gradus Gemonii, among the Romans, were much the fame as Gallows, or Gibbets in England. See Gallows, and Gib- bet.

The Gradus Gemonii, according to Publius ViBor, or Sextus Rufus, was a Place rais'd on feveral Steps, from whence they precipitated their Criminals. Others repre- fent it as the Place whereon they were executed, and after- wards expoled to publick View.

The Gemonia were in the tenth Region of the City, near the Temple of Juno. Camillus firit appropriated the Place to this Ufe, in the Year of Rome 358.

Some fay, they were thus denominated from the Perfon who rais'd them : Others, from the firft Criminals, that fuf- fer'd on them : Others, from the Verb gemo, I figh, or groan. GEMOTE, Couveutus,a SaxonWorA, denoting a Meeting. Omnis homo paccm habeas eundo ad Gemotum c£ re- diens de Gcmoto, nifi frobatus fur fuerit. LI.. Ed. Conf. GENDARMES, or Gens d'Armes, q. d. Men of Arms, a Term ufed among the Trench, for the King's Horfe Gusrds; by reafon they succeeded the antient Men of Arms, who were arm'd at all Points, and thence call'd Gendarmes. See Guards.

At prefent, the Companies of the King's Gard de Corps, the Mufqueteers, and Light Horfe, are reputed to belong to the Gendarmerie. See Gendarmerie.

1 he Grand Gendarmes, ibmetimes call'd finrply the Ga.darmes, are a Company of Gentlemen, to the Number of about 250, who guard the King's Perfon. The King himfelf is their Captain ; and one of the prime Peers, the I teutenant Captain. When the King marches with ail his Houihold Troops, the Gens d'Armes clofe the March.

Their Device is, a Thunderbolt, falling from Heaven, with the Motto, Jgfio jubet iratus Jupiter. There are alfo Gens d'Arms of the Queen, the Dauphin, &c.

GENDARMERIE, or Gens ii'Armerie, the French Cavalry, and particularly that of the King's Houlhold, See Gendarmes.

The Gendarmerie, at nrefent, is a Body of Horfe, confiit- ing of 16 Companies, viz. the Scotch Gendarmes ; thcEw- glifh Gendarmes; the Burgundy Gendarmes; and the Elemijh Gend'Armes : Which four Companies compolc the King's Gens d'Armes, or Life Guard.

The other Companies take their Names from thej?rinces who command them, as Captains; viz. the Queen's Gens d'Armes; the Queen's Light Horfe: The Dauphins Gens d'Armes ; the Dauphins Light Horfe : The Duke of Bur- gundy's Gens d'Armes; the Duke of Burgundy's Light Horle: The Duke of Orlcan's Gens d'Armes, &c. Each Company, at a Medium, confifts of 7<f Gens d'Armes, or Light Horfe.

GENDER, Genus, in Metaphyficks ; fee Genus, and Kind.

Gender, in Grammar, a Divifion, or Diftinction of Nouns or Names, according to the different Sexes of the Things they denote. See Noun.

It has been thought proper, in order to render Difcourfe more exprefs, and diftincl, as alfo to embellifti it by a Va- riety of Terminations ; to contrive certain Diversities in Adjeflives, accommodated to the Subftantives they are ap- plied to : Whence, from a Regard to that notable Difference there is between the two Sexes, all Nouns Subftantives have been diftinguilh'd into Mafculine, and Feminine; and the Nouns Adjeffives alfo varied to correfpende therewith. See Adjective.

But as there was an Infinity of Words, which had no pro- per Relation, either to the one Sex, or the other; they had Genders affigned them, rather out of Caprice, than Rea- fon : And hence it is that the Gender of a Noun is frequent- ly dubious and fluctuating. See Masculine, and Feminine.

It Ihould here however be obferved, that this Institution of Genders was not made with Defign and Deliberation, by the Mafters of Language; but was introduced by Cuftoin and Wage. At firft, there was only a Difference between the Names of Animals, when fpoke of Males, and Fe- males ; by degrees, the fame Regulation was extended to other Things : The Grammarians have only obferved and followed, what Ufage had eftablifli'd.

The Oriental Languages frequently neglect the Ufe of Genders ; and the Per/tan Language has none at ail, which is no Difadvantage ; the Distinction of Genders being intire- ly ufelefs.

The Latins^ Greeks, &c. generally content themlelves to exprefs the different Genders by different Terminations, as Bonus equus, a good Horfe ; bona equa, a good Mare, iSc. But in Englifh, we frequently go further, and expreis the Difference of Sex by different Words; as Boar, Sow; Boy, Girl ; Buck, Doe ; Bull, Cow ; Cock, Hen ; Dog, Bitch, gV.

We have only about 24 Feminines, diftinguifti'd from the Males, by the Variation of the Termination of the Male into efs ; of which Number are Abbot, Abbefs ; Count, Countefs ; Actor, Acfrefs ; Heir, Heirefs ; Prince, Princefs, f£c. which is all that our Language knows of any thing like Genders.

The Eaftern Languages, as well as the vulgar Languages of the Weft, have only two Genders ; the MafculineGender, and Feminine Gender. The Greek and Latin have likewife the Neuter, Common, and the Doubtful Gender; and be- fide thefe, they have the Epicene, or Promifcuous, which under one single Gender and Termination includes both the Kinds. See Masculine, Feminine, Neuter, Epi- cene, ifc.

Gender, in Geometry. Geometrical Lines are diftin- guilh'd into Genders, Gaffes, or Orders, according to the Number of the Dimenfions of an Equation, expreffing the Relation between the Ordinates, and the Ablciffse. See Geometrical Line.

Gender, in Botany, c r T «

r.. nr r 1 cj» IjrENUS.

Gender, in Mufick, 65c. ? J

GENEALOGY, a Scries, or Succcffion of Anceftnrs, or Progenitors : Or, a fummary Account of the Relations and Alliances of a Perfon, or Family, both in the Direct, and Collateral Lines. See Line, Collateral, Direct, De- gree, $3c.

In divers Chapters, and Military Orders, 'tis required that the Candidates produce their Genealogy ; to Ihew that they are Noble by ft many Defcents. See Descent.

The Word isGreek, ytttewyf*, which is form'd of y->°<,. Genus, Profapia, Race, Lineage ; and *iy@-, Sermo, Dif- courfe.

Genealogical Tables, Genealogical Tree, Genealogical Co- lumn : The Genealogical Degrees are re prefented in Circles, ranged over, under, and aside of each other. The Antients had the like ; which they called Siemmata, from a Greek Word, signifying Crown. —

0,5 GENERAL,