Page:Cyclopaedia, Chambers - Volume 1.djvu/870

 GAN

( I2 3 )

GAN

of the Scale, occafion'd the whole Scale to Be call'd by the barbarous Name Gamm, or Gammitt.

Some fay, Guido's Intention in calling his first Note I\ Gamm, was to ihew, that the Greeks were the Inventors of Mufick : Others, that he meant hereby to record himfelf 5 this being the firft Letter of his own Name.—

Guido's Scale is divided into three Series, or Columns 5 the firft csH'iMolle, or flat ; thefecond Natural ; and the third Durum, or Sharp, as reprefented in the Scheme, Tab. Mu- fick, Fig. 3. But lince his Time, fomc Alterations have been made there?

The Ufe of this Scale, is to make the Paflages, and Tran- sitions from B Molle, to B Durum, by means of the Tones and Semitones. The Series of B Natural (landing betwixt the other two, communicates with both ; fo that to name the Chords of the Scale by thefe Syllables, if we would have the Semitones in their natural Places, viz. b c and e f, then we apply ut to g ; and after la we go into the Series of b natural at fa ; and after la of this, we re- turn to the former at mi, and fo on : Or, we may begin at ut in c, and pafs into the firft Series at mi, and then back to the other at fa : By which means the one Transition is a Semitone, viz. la, fa ; and rhe other a Tone, la, mi. To follow the Order of b Molle, we may begin with ut inc, or /, and make Transitions after the fame manner. See Tone, and Semitone.

Hence came the barbarous Names of Gammitt, Are, Smi, &c._ But what a perplex'd Work is here, with fo many different Syllables applied to every Chord; and alltom.rk the Places ot the Semitones, which the Ample Letters a b c &c. do as well, and with moreEafe %

Several Alterations have fince been made in the Gamut. M. le Maire, particularly, has added a feventh Note, via. fi ; and the Mnglijh ufually throw out both vt and//, and make the other five ferve for all : As will be fllewn under the Article Sol-fa-ing.

Gamm, Gamma, or Gammut, is alfo the firft, or graved. Note in the modern Scale of Mufic ; the Reafon whereof is Jficwn under the preceding Article.' — ■

GANG, in the Sea Language : To man a Boat, is call'd to put a Gang of Men (which is a Company) into her: They are commonly called the Co.rpwaiti's Gang, who has the Charge of her.

GANG-a-iy, signifies all the feveral Entrances, Ways, or Paffagcs, from one Part of the Ship to the other ; and what- foever is pur in one of thefe Paffages, is (aid to be laid, or put in the Gang-<way.

GANGLION, or Ganghum, in Medicine, afmall, hard, knotty Tumor,_tbrm'd on the nervous and tendinous Parts, without any discolouring of the Skin, or Senfe of Pain. See Tumor.

The Caufe of the G anglicn is a too great Distention of the Pores of the Part ; or the too great Compression, or a La- ceration, thereof: Any of thefe occasion the nutritious Juice to be there llop'd and retain'd ; and even to exfude, con- denfe, and harden into a Tumor. The fame Effect is fome- times produced by a Bruife, hard Labour, or the like. Moll Authors fix the next Caufe of the Ganglion to be a heavy, viicid Pituita.

ThsGangliou is fometimes removed, and refolved by mere dry Friction, long continued ; and fometimes by Friction with Saliva. Some chufe to apply a Plate of Lead, anointed with Mercury : Others ufe Gum Ammoniac ; or Emplafter of Vigo, with Mercury. If thefe don't fuccecd, Recourfe is had to Section.

The Word is Greek, yi\yhm, signifying the fame thing. The Tumor, when on the Nerves, Tendons, Articulations, or any of the membranous Parts, retains its Name, Gang- lion ; every where elfe, it is call'd Nodus. See Node.

GANGRENE, GangrjEna, in Medicine, is a Morti- fication in its firft, or beginning State ; while yet the Part retains fome Senfe of Pain, and a Share of natural Heat : By which this Difeafe is diftinguifh'd from a Sphacelus, or tho- rough Mortification ; where there is no Senfe or Warmth left at all. See Mop.tification, and Sphacelus.

The Gangrene is a Difeafe i n the Flelh of the Part, which it corrupts, confumes, and turns black; fpreading, and fcizing itself of the adjoining Parts: And is rarely cured with- out Amputation.

It arifes from a Stoppage, or Interception of the circula- tory Motion of the Blood ; which by this means, fails to fur- nifh the Part with the nutritious and fpirituous Juices, neceffiry to prefcrve its Warmth, and Life.

This Interception of Circulation, which is the next Caufe of the Gangrene, is it felf occafion'd divers ways ; as, by large Tumors, Erifypela's, great Inflammations, violent Cold, tight Bandages or Compressions, fudden Fluxions of fome malignant Humor, Bites of venomous Beasts, Fractures, Wounds, arid Ulcers ill managed, fi?c.

It is diftinguifh'd by the Colour of the Flefli, which now turns pale, dulky, or lublivid ; and by its growing loofe, and flabby of vehemently Tenfe which it was before. In the

Progrefs of the Difeafe, the Part distils a fetid, djfeolour'd Water ; and emits a cadaverous Smell.

Upon the firft Seizure, the Skin turns pale, afterwards livid; Vesications arife, and the Colour at length changes t<* black ; the Fleffi becomes fetid, f:.nious, and moift ; then withers, and foon becomes infenfible : The Heat and Pulia- tion of the Part being likewife diminiih'd. Shaw. .

If in a large Wound, the Tumor of the Lips do not fup- purate, nor any Flux of Matter, or Inflammation arife; if the Lips do not fwell, or after Swelling grow lank and flac- cid again on a fudden : 'Tis reckon'd a fure Sign of an ap- proaching Gangrene. See Wound.

When a Gangrene proceeds from extreme ^Cold, the Part affected is firft benumbed, or feiz'd with a Viking p a in, followed by a Rednefs, which gradually changes to a Black. See Cold.

When a tight Bandage is the Caufe, a Flaccidity of the Part is join'd to the Infenfibility thereof: When the Scurvy, it often begins in the great Toe, and appears in form of a blackifh Spot, which turns to a dry Cruft, fucceeded by a Stupor of the Part, £i?c— When the Bite of any venomous Creature is the Caule, a continual Fever attends, S?c. Pain is felt in the Part ; which ufually brings on a Syncope, or Delirium : Puftles aiife about the Bite, Z?c.

By the Microfcope, the Gangrene has been difcover'd to consist of an infinite Number of little Worms, ingcuder'd in the morbid Flefh; and which continually producing new Broods, they fwarm, and over-run the adjacent Parts.

To flop the Progrefs of tbe Gangrene, the Physicians pre- fcribe, intern-illy, Sudorifkks, and Alexipharmicks ; exter- nally, Decoctions of Quick-lime, either simple, or with, the Addition of Sulphur, Mercurius dulcis, and Spirit of Wine camphorated.

In a levere Stage of the Eilemper, they fcarify deep, to the very Quick ; and afterwards aptly hot Liquors, Cata- plafms, &c. Some recommend Horl'es Dung, boil'd in Wine, or Urine. The Unguent jEgyptiacum alfo comes into U'e.

Sellofte prefcribes the following, as the moft efficacious Remedy, known for Gangrenes; viz. Quicksilver diffolved in double the Qaantiy of Spirit of Nitre, or Aqua fords; a linen Cloth dipt therein, and applied to the gangrcmns Part. This alone, he affures us, is fuificient.— If the Gan- grene be occafion'd by an infenfe Ffoft; Snow Water, or a linen Cloth dipt i .1 cold rta.cr, arid u ri ied to the Part af- fected, Soerhave directs as the beft Cure,

If the Gangrene proceed to an utter Sphacelation, and be feated in any of the Limbs, or extreme Parts, recourfe muft be had to the Operation of Amputation. See Amputa- tion.

The Word Gangriena, Gangrene, is derived by feme Au- thors from the 'Pal'blagoneau Gangra, a Goat; it being the Character of a Goat to brooze the Grafs all around, with- out miffing its Place. It is jufter, perhaps, to derive it from the Greek Verb y?J*>> yew®, manduco, abj'umo, I eat, I confume : But 'tis yet fafer, to bring it from the Word yafyeaivct, which signifies the fame thing.

GANTLET, or Gauntlet, a large, ftronge Glove, made to cover the Arm, or Hands of a Cavalier, when arm'd at all Points. The Gauntlet is of Iron ; and the Fingers, plated.

The Calk, and Gauntlets were always bore in the anticnt Marches in Ceremony. Gauntlets were not introdue'd, till about the 13 th Century.

The Gauntlet was frequently thrown, like the Glove, by way of Challenge. See Glove, Challenge, Champion, Combat, &c.

The Word is derived of the French Gantelct ; and that of Gaud, or Gant, Glove. — ■

Gantlet, in Chirurgery, is a kind of Bandage for the Hand.

'Tis a fort of Swathe, four or five Yards long ; where- with they wrap up the Hand, and all the Fingers, one after" another.

GANYMEDE, a Term lately come into Ufe, to exprefs a Catamite, or Bardachio. See Catamite, Sodomy, Sic.

The Expression takes its rife from a young, beautiful Trojan Shepherd, thus called ; whom Jupiter ravifli'd, or carried off by his Eagle, or rather by himfelf under the Fi- gure of an Eagle, as he was hunting on Mount Ida ; and made him his Cup-bearer, in the place of Hebe ; who, having made a falfe Step, and fpilt her Liquor, was turn'd out of Office.

Some fay, that the Jupiter, who ravifli'd Ganymede, was tantalus. King afPbrygia: The Eagle exprefs'd the Swift- nefs, wherewith he was carried off. Vojfius, T)e Jdolol. L.h c. 14, &c. And Sarthms, on the Thebaid. L. I. v. 548 —

GARBE, in Heraldry, a R^prefentation of a Sheaf of Corn, or other Grain; fometimes bore in Coat Armour, to signify Summer, or the Month of jiuguft 5 as the Bunch of Grapes does Autumn*

He