Page:Cyclopaedia, Chambers - Volume 1.djvu/864

 GAL

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GAL

Judges are enjoin'd, not to condemn a Criminal to the Gal- leys for let's than ten Years : And Henry III. by another, of 1579, injoins the Captains, not to detain their Galley Slaves, after their Time is expired. But neither of thefe Laws are now obferv'd, —

Galley, in Printing, a wooden Frame, or Inftrument, into which the Compofitor empties the Letters out of his Com- pofing Stick, as often as it is filled. The Galley, when fili'd, contains the Matter of one Page ; and when they have com- pofed as many Pages, as are required for a Whole Sheet, Half Sheet, ($0. they impofe them, i.e. take the feveral Pages out the Galleys ; put them into a Chafe ; lock them up with the Furniture ; and fo make Forms, ready for the Prels. See Printing - fee alio Composing. Stick, Chase, and Form. GALLI, in Antiquity, a Name given in 'pbrygia to the Eunuch Priefts of the Goddefs Cybele.

The Principal of them was called Archi-gallus. The Galli were alio call'd DaSyli Idtsi, Corybautes, &c. See Dactyli, Corybantes, Curetes, &c.

Authors are not agreed as to the Reafon of this Denomi- nation. St. Jerom, on the fourth Chapter of Hofca, fays.it was, becaufe they took Gauls for the Prieft of this Goddefs ; and by way of Punifhment and Derifion for burning ofRome, caftrated them. Forcatulus maintains the fame Opinion-, L. V. de Gallor. Imp. S3 Thilof. But Valla, Eleg. V. c. 6. and Voffms de Idolcl. L. I. c. 20. reject it, with reafon; as the 'Phrygians were no ways interefted in the burning and facking of R.ome.

Others derive the Name from the River Gallus ; by reafon they drank of its Waters, which inipir'd them with, I know not what religious Fury and Enthufiafm, and de- prived them of their Scnfes to fuch Degree, that they mu- tilated themfelves. Others hold, that the firft Prieft ot Cy- bele having been nam'd Gallus ; the Name became appro- priated to all his Succeffors. P r o(Jius, who propofes thefe two Opinions, feems to incline molt to the latter ; tho' Ovid, in the fourth of his'Fafti, and Herodian, L. I. favour the former.

Thefe Priefts threw themfelves into a kind of Phrenzy, when they perform'd the Ceremonies of the Goddefs; ap- parently, in imitation of the young Atys, her Favourite : whom they likewife imitated, by mutilating themlelves.

For Authors relate, that Cybele being deiperately in Love with that young 'Phrygian, Paz gave him theSupcrintendance cfher Sacrifices, on condition he would keep his Virginity ; but that foon after, forgetting his Promife, he had an Affair with the Nymph Sangaritis: That Cybele provoked hcreat, ftruck him mad : That in a vehement Accefs of his Phrenzy he was going to kill himielf; and that the Goddels relent- ing, reftored him to his Undemanding : That out of his own Rcmorfe, he caftrated himfelf ; and that after his Ex- ample all the Priefts of Cybele from that Time did the like.

Their Phrenzy, at the time of the Sacrifices, confifted in throwing round the Head with great Rapidity, and mak- ing violent Contortions of the whole Body : They had alio Drums and Flutes, wherewith they play'd, and danced to them ; as already obferv'd under the Articles Corybantes, and Curetes.

GALLIAMBIC, in the anticnt Poetry. A Galliambic Poem is a Compofition in Galliambic Verfes. 'A Galliam- bic Verfe confills of fix Feet; l° An Anafeft, or a Spondee; 2 An Iambus, or an Anapeft, or Tribrach. 3 An lam- bus. 4 A Zlaclyl. ;° A fDaByl; and 6° An Anajwft.

Tho', one might meafure the Galliambic Verfcin another manner ; and make a different Arrangement and Combina- tion of Syllables ; which would give different Feet— — 'Tis certain, the Antients regarded little more in the Galliambic Verfe, befidc the Number of Meafures, or Intervals ; with- out troubling themfelves about the Number of Syllables, or the Kinds of Feet, whereof it was compofed.

GALLIA MBUS, in Poetry, a pleafant kind of Verfe,

us'd to be fung by the Priefts, in honour of the Goddefs

Cybele.— .'.',.

Galli ambus is alfo a Piece, or Compofure in Galliambic

Verfes. See Galliambic.

The Word is a Compound of Gallus, a Prieft of Cybele ; and Jambus, a Foot in the Greek and Latin Verfe.

GALLIARD, or Gaillarde, in Mufic, and Dancing, a fort of Dance, antiently in great Rcqueft ; confiding of very different Motions, and Actions, fometimes proceeding terra a terra, or fmoothly along ; fometimes capering ; fometimes along the Room, and fometimes a.crofs,

It was alfo "called Romanefque, becaufe brought from Rome.

Thoinot Arbeau, in his Orchcfography, defcribes it as conlifling of five Steps, and five Pofitions of the Feet, which the Dancers perform'd before each other, and where- of he gives us the Score, or Tablature, which is of fix Mi- nims, and two triple Times. — ■

The Word is French, and literally fignifies gay, merry, fnrightly.—

GALLICAN, a Term chiefly us'd in the Phrafe Galti- can Church, q.d. the French Church ; or the Affembly, or Convocation of the Prelates of ] : rance. M. dll plly has aia etfprefs Treatife of the Liberties of the Galilean Church.

The Galilean Breviary is the Breviary us'd by the Church of jlgrigetttum, in Sicily ; which the modern Writers call Brcviarium Gallicannm.

The Reafon, no doubt, is its having been introduced by St. Gerlan, who was made Bifhop of Agngciuum, after Earl Roger had been driven out of Sicily by the Sarazens ; and by the other French Bifhops, which the Norman Princes brought thither. See Breviary.

The Gallican Liturgy is the manner of performing the di- vine Offices antiently obferved in the Gauls. Fa. Mabilloif fhews wherein it difier'd from the Roman Liturgy. J. Zi- titrg. Gall. c. 5. &c. .

GALLICISM, a Phrafe, or Conftruaion, peculiar to tho French Language; or which has fomething contrary to the ordinary Rules of Grammer of the other Languages. See Phrase, and Idiotism.

Thus, Cet homme eft fur fa Soitche, is a Gallicifm, hav- ing no regular Conftrudtion : And the fame may be faid of Fairs de~la terre le foffi ; which no Grammar could never find out. See Anglicism.

GALLIMATHIAS; a dark, perplex'd Difcourfe, where Words, and Things are huddled together fo as to make an in- concivahle Jargon,

The Word is French, form'd, as fome will have it, from 'polymathia, which fignifies Diverfity of Sciences ; by rea- fon fuch as have their Memory charged with feveral kind of Sciences, are ufualiy confufed, and exprefs themfelves ill.

M. Hnet takes the Word Galiimatbias to have had the fame Origin with Allborlim ; and to have firft arofe at the time when all the Pleadings at the Bar were in Latin. There was a Caufe, it feems, upon the Carpet, about a Cock, belonging to the Plaintiff Matthias* The Council in the Heat of his Harangue, by often repeating the Words. Gallus, and Matthias, happen'd to blunder ; and inftead ot ■ Tying Gallus Matthne, faid Galli Matthias ; whxh at length beaiine a general Name for all confufed, imbroil'd Diaion,- and Difcourie.

GALI 1MAUFRT, a Ragout, Hache, or Hotch-potch, made of the Remains of feveral kinds of Meats. See Ra- gout.

Hence the Word is ufed in a figurative Senfe for a lioce, or Compofition, of feveral different Parts, ill digefted, and emh.irals'd.

The Word is French, Galimafree.

GALLION, or Galleon, a large Veffel or Ship of War, of three, or four Decks. See Vessel.

The Term is now only ufed in fpcaking of the Spanijb Fleet; the Gallions being a Part of the Ships employ'd in the Commerce of the Weft Indies.

The Spaniards fend every Year two Fleets; the one for Mexico, which they call the Flota-; and the other for 'Peru, which they call the Gallions. The firft, we have already given an Account of under the Article Flota.

The Gallions are eight in Number, the principal whereof are the Capitane, the Amirante, il Govemo, the 'Patach, and Marguarita, of fifty Pieces of Brafs Canon : Befide which there is a Patache of Advice. Thefe are all Ships of War, and go on the King's account ; but are fo loaden and embarrafVd with Merchandices, that in cafe of an Attack* they would find it difficult to defend themfelves.

Befide the King's Gallions, there are ufually twelve, or fixtcen Merchant Ships, call'd Rcgiftcr Ships, belonging to private Perfons, who obtain leave for the fame, or rather buy it ; there being no Weft India Company in Spain. Sea Register.

The Gallions are loaded at Cadix, from whence they may put out at any time : They are about two Years in the whole Voyage. Their Departure is ufually fome Months before that of the Flota ; which cannot put out before A'iguft, by reafon of the Winds. When they put out together, they feperate about the Antilles Iflands ; the Gallions for Cartha- gena, and 'Porto Hello ; and the Flota for Vera Crux. At their Return, they rejoin at the Havana, in the KleofCuba,

The Loading of the Gallions is always the richeft : An Eftimate of the yearly Returns or Cargo's, both of the Flota and Gsllions, is as follows.

Of Gold, the Gallions bring yearly about two or three Mil- lions of Crowns ; and the Flota about one. Of Silver, tho Gallions bring 18 or 10 thoufand Crowns ; and the Flota 10 or ii. Of precious Stones, the Gallions bring as follow 5 two hundred thouiand Crowns worth of Pearls; two or three hundred thoufand Crowns of Emeralds ; and twenty or thirty thoufand Crowns worth of Eezoards, AmethyKs, and other Stones of lefs Value : The Flota brings none at all. OF Wools, the Gallions bring forty or fifty thoufand Crowns : The Flota, none. Of Quinquina, the Gallions bring for twenty thoufand Crowns ; The Flota, none. Of Skins anc*
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