Page:Cyclopaedia, Chambers - Volume 1.djvu/86

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Asrometry includes the Laws of the Motion, Gravita tion, PrefEon, Elafficity, Rarefaflion, Condenfation, be. of that Fluid. See Elasticity, Rarefaction be.

The Word Aerometry is but little ufed: In 'lieu hereof, we commonly call this Branch of Philofophy, 'Pneumatic's. See Pneumatics.

C. Wolfius, Profeffor of Mathematicks at Hall, having reduced many of the Affections of this Fluid to geometrical Demonstration ; publi/fied Elements of Aerometry, at Leip- ftc, 1 70 j, firft in High Dutch and afterwards in Latin.— Thus is the Doflnne of the Air incorporated into the Ma- thematical Sciences. See Mathematicks.

The Word is compounded of <oi f, and la-rsai, to meafure

JERUGO. See Rust.

JJrdco JEris, in Medicine, be. Sec Verdegrease.

AERY, or Airy, of Hawks, is what we call a Neil in other Birds. See Hawk, and Haw kino.

jESCHYNOMENOUS 'Plants, amon<r Botanifls, are thole popularly called Senfitive 'Plants. See Sensitive.

.ESNECY, in Law. See Esnecy.

jESTIMATIO Capitis, in our antient Law-Books. See Were, Werelade, Weregild, be.

King Athelftan, in a great Afl'embly held at Exeter, de- clared what Mulcts were to be paid pro <eflimatioiie capitis, for Offences committed againft feveral Perfons according to their degrees ; the Eftimation of the King's Head to be 1 5000 ; of a Bifliop or a Senator, 8000 ; of a Pricft, or a Thane, 2000, be. Crefly's Church Hifi. fol. 834. h. and L. Hen. I.
 * o?oo Tbrymfte ; of an Archbifhop, or Satrapa, or Prince

jESTIVAL, or Estivae, of or belonging to Summer. See Summer.

Thus, we fay, the JEftival Solfticc, &c. in oppoiition to Brumal. See Solstice.

jESTUARY, jEstuarium, in Geography, an Arm of the Sea; running up a good way into the Land. See Sea.

Such is Sriftol Channel, many of the Firths of Scot- land, &c.

-Estuary, is fometimes alfo ufed in Pharmacy, for a Va- pour-Bath, Balneum Vaporofum, See Vapour, and Bath.

JES Uftum, called alfo Crocus Veneris, a Chymical Pre- paration, made of Copper cut into thin Plates, put into a Crucible with Sulphur and Salt, ftratum fuper ftratum, and thus fet in a hot Charcoal Fire, till the Sulphur be con- fumed. See Crocus, Copper, Venus, be.

It is very deterfive; and is ufed for eating off dead Flefh. They who make this ufe of it, ate to heat it red hot in the Fire nine times 5 and quench it as often in Linfeed Oil. See Epulotic.

jETHER, is ufually underflood of a, thin, fubtile Matter, or Medium, much finer and rarer than Air; which com- mencing from the Limits of our Atmofphere, poffeffes the whole heavenly Space. See Heaven, World, &c.

The Word is Greek, xifag, fuppofed to be form'd from the Verb, to burn, to flame ; fome of the Antients, par-

r*o

A E T

uc^Anaxagcras,^^ it of the Nature ofFire. to" be" perfeTt^ r^mogeneo^ incorrupt^, SangSl.

Thus, the Cartefiam ufe the Term Materia S-Atilis ■ which is their JEtber : And Sir I Nev-'on 7JL > '

SuMle firi, as in the Cofe of to sSSg^SSfa^ Of»*$** ptMtbereal Medium; isi/hit'opZh

The 1 ruth ,s, there are abundance of Considerations, which feem to evince the Exiftence of fome Matter in the Air, much finer than the Air it felf.-There is an unknown iomething, which remains behind when the lir is taken away ; as appears from certain Effects which we fee produ- ced 111 Vacuo.— Bant, Sir /. Newton obferves, is communi- cated thro a Vacuum, almofl as readily as thro' Air : But fuch Communication cannot be without fome interjacent Bo" dy, to aft as a Medium. And fuch Body muft be fubtile enough to penetrate the Pores of Glafs ; and may be very well concluded to permeate thole of all other Bodies ; and consequently be diffiiled thro' all the Parts of Space : Which anlwers to the full Character of an JEther. See He at.

The Exiftence of fuch Ethereal Medium beini fettled , that Author proceeds to its Properties ; inferring ft to be not only rarer and more fluid than Air, but exceedingly more clallick, and aflive : In Virtue of which Properties his ihews, that a great part of the Phajnomena of Nature may be produced by it— To the Weight, e.g. of this Medium, he attributes Gravitation, or the Weight of all other Bo- dies -and to its Elafficity, the elaftick Force of the Air and ol nervous Fibres, and the Emiffion, Refkaion, Reflec- tion, and other Pha^nomena of Light ; as alfo, Senfation Mulcular Motion, Sc— In fine, this fame Matter feems the Pnmum Mobile, the firft Source or Spring of phvfical Ac- tion in the modern Syftem.— See further under the Article Subtile Mevivu, Attraction, Gravitation, Refrac- tion, Reflection, be. fee alfo Fibre, Mufcular Mo- tion, be. lee alfo Newtonian Philofophy, &c.

The Cartcjian JEther is fuppofed not only to pervade, but adequately to fill all the Vacuities of Bodies ; and thus to make an abfolute Plenum in; the Univerfe. See Materia Subtilis ; fee alfo Plenum ; fee alfoCARTEsiANisM,be.

But Sir /. Newton overturns this Opinion, from divers Confederations ; by Ihewing, that the Celeftial Spaces are- void of all fenfible Refiftance .• For, hence it follows, that the Matter contained therein, muft be immenfely rare, in regard the Refiftance of Bodies is chiefly as their Denfi'ty - fo that if the Heavens were thus adequately flll'd with a' Medium or Matter how fubtile foever, they would refill the Motion of the Flanets and Comets much more than Ouick- filver, or Gold. See Resistance, Vacuum, Planet Comet, be. '

jETHEREAL, .Ether eus, fomething that belongs to /Ether, or is of the Nature of JEther. See .Ether. ^Thus, we fay, the JEthereal Space ; JEthereal Regions be— Some of the Antients divided the Univerfe, with re- fpeS to the Matter contain'd therein, into Elementary and

JEthereal. See Universe, and Elementary. Under

JEther, or the JEthereal World, was included all that Space above the upper Element, via. Fire. This they fuppofed

See Fire,

The Philofophers cannot conceive that the largeft Part of the Creation Ihould be perfeaiy void ; and therefore fill it with a Species of Matter under the Denomination of JEther. —But they vary extremely as to the Nature and Charaaers of this JEther.

Some conceive it as a Body fid generis, appointed only to fill up the Vacuities between the heavenly Bodies ; and therefore confined to the Regions above our Atmofphere. — Others fuppofe it of fo fubtile and penetrating a Nature, as to pervade the Air, and other Bodies ; and poflefs the Pores and Intervals thereof— Others deny the Exiftence of any fuch fpecifick Matter ; and think the Air it felf, by that im- menfe Tenuity and Expanfion it is found capable of, may difhife it felf thro' the interftellar Spaces, and be the only Matter found therein. See Air.

effea, JEther, b mere * for

real or imaginary ; "Authors take the Libetty to modify it how they pleafe.— Some fuppofe it of an elementary Na- ture, like other Bodies, and only diftinguifh'd by its Tenuity, and the other Affeaions coafequent thereon : which is the Pbilofopbical JEther.— Others will have it of anothet Spe- cies, and not Elementary ; but rather a fort of fifth Element, of a purer, more refined, and fpirituous Nature than the Subftances about our Earth ; and void of the common Af- feaions thereof, as Gravity, be. The heavenly Spaces, being the fuppofed Region or Refidence of a more exalted Clals of Beings ; the Medium muft be mote exalted in pro- portion.— Such is the antient and popular Idea at JEther, or JEthereal Matter. See' ^Ethereal.

■ r l ""»***" * unwiupucrs enuic 10 let it alloc : in lieu thereof, fubftitute othet more determinate ones.

£i?c. See Corruption, be.

'Twas a Point controverted among 'em, Whether or no

the JEthereal Matter had the Property of Gravity ? .

Many late Philolophers, not only at home but abroad, con- tend for its Gravity ; and even for its being the Caufe of Gravity in all other Bodies.— In effea, fays Chauvin, Bo- dies do not dcl'cend by any inherent Principle ; but by the Impulfe or Trufion of fomething external : which can be nothing but Either ; in regard they fall in Vacuo as readily, nay more fo, than in open Air : From the fame Principle arifes the Cohefion of Bodies, be. Lexic. Pbilofoth. Vec. JEther. See Medium.

.Ethereal Oil, is a fine, fubtile Oil, approaching nearly to the Nature of a Spirit. See Oil.

Thus, the pure Liquor riling next after the Spirit, in the Diftillation of Turpentine, is called the JEthereal Oil of Tur- pentine. See Turpentine.

Some Chymifts dittinguifh two Principles in Urine - the one a volatile urinous Salt, refembling Spirit of Nitre -' the other an JEthereal Oil, or Sulphur ; partaking of the' Na- ture of Spirit of Wine. Dionis. See UrineI Ethereal Heaven. See JEthereal Heaven. .ETHIOPS Mineral, a Preparation of Mercury, made by grinding equal Quantities of crude Quickfilver and Flower of Sulphur, in a Stone or Iron Mortar ; till they become incor- porated into a black Pouder. See Mercury.

It Is prefcribed for the Worms, and all Crudities and Acri- mony of the Humours ; and is reputed infallible againft the Itch, and other cutaneous Difeafes.

AETIANS, Aetiani, in Antiquity, a Sea or Branch 6f Arians, the Difciples of Aetins of Antioch, firnamed the Impious 5 who, according to 'Philafiriui, was firft Smith then Sophift, and lately Phyfician. SeeARiAN.

The Aetians had divers other Denominations ; Arians, Eunomians, Heterovjians, 7'nglvdytes, nomians, Heterousian, be. M

as, 'Pure See Eu-

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