Page:Cyclopaedia, Chambers - Volume 1.djvu/854

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FUN

Method of Fulling Cloths and Woolen Sniffs, with Soap.-

A colour'd Cloth, of about 45 Ells, is to be laid, in the ufual manner, in the Trough of a Fulling Mill ; without firft. foaling it in Water, as is commonly practiced in many Places.

To full this Trough of Cloth, 1 5 Pounds of Soap are re- quir'd ; one half of which is to be melted in two Pails of River or Spring Water, made as hot as the Hand can well bear it. This Solution is to be pour'd by little and little upon the Cloth, in proportion as 'tis laid in the Trough : And thus it is to be fulled for at leaft two Hours; after which it is to be talen out, and ftretch'd.

This done, the Cloth is immediately return'd into the fame Trough ; without any new Soap ; and there full'd two Hours more. Then taking it out, they wring it well, to ex- prefs all the Greafe and Filth.

After this fecond Fulling, the Remainder of the Soap is melted, as the former, and call at four different times, on the Cloth 5 remembring to take out the Cloth every two Hours, to ftrctch it, and undo the Plaits and Wrinkles it has acquired in the Trough. When they perceive it fufR- ciently full'd, and brought to the Quality and Thicknefs re- quired, theyfeour it out for good, in hot Water, keeping it in the Trough, till it be quite clean.

As to white Cloths ; in regard thefe full more eafily, and in lcfs time, than colour'd ones, a third Part of the Soap may be fpared. —

Felling of Stockings, Caps, &c. fhould be performed fomewhat differently ; viz. either with the Feet, or the Hands ; on a kind of Rack, or wooden Machine, either atm'd with Teeth of the fame Matter,, or elfe Horfes, or Bullocks Teeth.

The Ingredients made ufe of herein, are Urine, green Soap, white Soap, and Fullers Earth. But the Urine alio is reckon'd prejudicial here.

Note, woven Stockings, Zfjc. fhould be full'd with Soap alone : For thole that are knit, Earth may be us'd with the Soap.

Indeed, 'tis frequent to full thefe kinds of Works with the Mill, after the ufual manner of Cloths, &c. But that is too coarfe and violent a Manner, and apt to damage the Work, unlefs it be very {faong. See Stockings.

FULMINANT, Fulminans, or Fulminating, an Epithet applied to fomething that thunders, or males a Noife like that of Thunder. See Thunder.

Jupiter Fulminant .- Aurum Fulminans : Pulvis Fulmi- nans. 'Pericles was call'd the fulminating Orator.

Aurum Fulminans, is a Preparation of Gold, thus called, becaufe when laid on the Fire, it produces a huge Noife. It confifts of Gold diffolv'd m.Jqna Regia, and precipitated by means of Oil of Tartar per Deiiquium ; or Volatile Spirit of Sal Ammoniac. See Gold.

(Pulvis Fulminans, is a Compoiition of three Parts of Nitre, two Parts of Salt of Tartar, and one of Sulphur. See Gun-powder.

Both the Aurum and Pulvis Fulminans produce their Effect principally downwards: In which they differ from Gunpowder, which acts in orbcm ; but principally upwards. If they be laid in Brafs Ladles, and fo fet a fire ; after Ful- mination, the Ladles will be found perforated. — ■

FULMINATING I.egion, was a Legion in the Roman Afmy, confining of Chrifiian Soldiers; who, in the Expedi- tion of the Emperor Marcus Aurelius againft the Sarma- t<e, ghtadi and Marcomanni, faved the whole Army, then ready to pcrifh of Thirft ; by procuring, with their Prayers, a very plentiful Shower thereon: And, at the fame time, a furious Hail, mix'd with Lightning and Thunderbolts on the Enemy. See Legion.

This is the Account commonly given by Ecclefiaftical Hiftorians : And the whole Hiftory is engraven in Bafs-Rc- livo's on the Anthoninc Column. And hence arofe the Denomination Fulminants : Tho' fome fay, that the Legion thole Chriftians were of, was called the Fulminating Legion before.

FULMINATION, in the Romip Canon Law, a Sen- tence of a Bifhop, Official, or other Ecclefiaftic appointed by the Pope ; whereby it is decreed, that fome Bull fent from the Pope, fhall be executed. See Bull.

Fulmination is the fame thing with the Verification, or Recognition of a Letter, or Inftrument of a Prince in a Lay Court.

Fulmination is alfo us'd for the Denunciation, or Exe- cution of a Sentence of Anathema, made in publick, with due Solemnity. '

In fulminating Anathema's, the Bifliop who pronounces Sentence, is to be cloathed in his Epifcopalia. See Ana- thema, Excommunication, &c.

Fulmination, or Fulguration, in Chymiftry, a ve- hement Noife, or Shock made by divers Preparations ; as idurum fulmntms, &c, when let en Fire. See Detonation.

FUMIGATION, in Medicine, and Chymiflry, is under- flood of Things taken in Fume, or Smoak ; or that are turn'd into Smoal : And particularly for the Corrofion of a Metal, by the Fumes, or Steam of Lead, Mercury, Vincoar, or other acrimonious Matter.

'Tis dangerous taking Mercury by Fumigation. This Fu- migation is a kind of potential Calcination; the Vapour of Mercury laid on the Fire, corroding and reducing into a Calx, the little LaminEa of Metals iufpended over it. See Mercury.

Cerufs is made by the Fumigation, or Vapour of Vi- nl -'gar, gnawing and corroding Plates of Lead. See Ceruss. Alexander Sevens made a very fevere Decree againft Phyficians who fold Smoak, that is, Fumigations. The De- cree imported, Fumo pereat qui Fumum vendidit. A Nor- thern Phylician has an cxprefs Treadle to juftify the Phyfi- cians in this refpect.

Fumigation is alfo ufed for the A3 of making a fuf- pended Body receive the Fumes, or Steam of one or more, other Bodies; in order to calcine them, to correct them, or impart to them fome new Quality.

FUNAMBULUS, among the Romans, was what we call a Rope-dancer, and the Greeks, Saeuobatcs. See Ropc- Dancer.

The Term is alfo us'd for fuch as letting themfelves down, by a Rope, or Cord ; make their Efcape out of a City, or Place belicged : as obferv'd by 2>« Cange.

Julius Capitolinus, and Horace, make mention of Fu- namuuli. Aeron, on Horace, aflures us, that it was the O- rator Me/fata, who firft introdue'd the Word Fnnambulus, m lieu of Schanobates, us'd by the Greeks. For the Greeks icem to have had of thefe Rope Dancers from the firft In- ftitution of their Scenic Games, which are faid to have been invented about the time of Jfcharius, Son of F.rigon 5 or of 'Dionyfius, furnamed Liber pater, whom Thefcns firil introduced into Athens.

At Rome, the Funambuli firft appear'd under the Con- fulate of Sulpitius Pcticus, and Licinius Stolo, who were the firft Introducers of the Scenic Reprefentations. It is added, that they were firft exhibited in the Ifland of the 'Tiber: And that the CeaioisMeJ/jtla and Coffins afterwards promoted them to the Theatre.

In the Floralia, or Lndi Florales, held under Galba, there were funambulatory Elephants, as we are inform'd by Suetonius. Nero fhewed the like, in honour of his Mo- ther Agrippina. ■ Vopifcus relates the fame of the Time of Carinus and Numcrianus.

There was a Fnnambulus, it feems, of that Mankind, who pcrform'd at the time when the Hecyra of Tcrenca was acted ; and the Poet complains, that the Spectacle pre- vented the People from attending to his Comedy. Ita po- pulus fiudio ftllpidusitl funambulo animum occupant.

FUNCTION, the Aft of doing fomething, for which the Agent was declined, or which he was obliged to. See Action.

Thus we Eiy, the Stomach performs its Funtlion ; i. e, di- gefls, well. The Fumes of Wine diflurb the Erain in the Performance of its Functions.

Phyficians divide the Fun&ions of the human Body into Vital, Natural, and Animal.

Vital Functions are thofe neceffary to Life; and with- out which it cannot fubfift : As the Aftions of the Heart, Brain, Lungs, &c. See Life.

Natural are thofe which change the Food, Sgc. fo as to' affimilate it to our own Nature : Such are the Actions of the Vifccra, and the Veflels which receive, retain, fecern, K£c. the Humors. See Natural.

Animal, are thofe without which we cannot perceive, will, remember, &c. Such are Feeling, Seeing, Imagining, Judging, TaJJions, voluntary Motion, &c.

Function is alfo us'd figuratively in fpealing of the Of- fices, Duties, or Occupations a Perfon is engaged in.

He acquitted himfelf of all the Functions of the Magi- ftracy with Appkufe. The Aaions of an Embaffador mull be diftinguifh'd from his FunQious ; the one regard his Cha- racter ; the other his Perfon.

FUND, Fundus, & Latin Term, us'd for the Bottom of certain Things; and particularly of certain Parts of the Body.

Fund of the Bye, is that Part poflefi'd by the Choroei- des and Retina. See Eye, Retina, &c.

The Images of Objects arc reprefented in an inverted Si- tuation, in the Fund of the Eye. See Vision.

Fundus Uteri, or Fund of the Womb, is the Body, or principal Part thereof; in contradifKnftion to the Cervix, or Ned ; the Ofculum, or Mouth ; and the Vagina. See U- terus.

Fundus Veficte, or of the Bladder, is the Cavity there- of, wherein the Urine is contained. In Men it is placed over theReiiumj and in Woaien over the Matrix. See Blad- der,,

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