Page:Cyclopaedia, Chambers - Volume 1.djvu/852

 FRU

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FUG

Thcfe Frumentarii did not make any particular Corps, diftincl from the other Forces : But there were a certain Number of them in each Legion ; as, among us, there are a certain Number of Grenadiers in each Battalion. Accor- dingly, in antient Infcriptions, we meet with Frumentarii of this or that Legion.

"Pis luppos'd they were originally a Number of young Per- fons dilpos d by Auguftus throughout the Provinces, particu- larly on all the grand Roads, to advertife the Emperor with all Expedition of every thing that happen'd. In order to this, they had a kind of Intendance of all the Carriages : And on this account came to be employ'd for the Convey- ance of Corn, Frumenmm, to the Armies : Whence their Appellation.

Afterwards they were incorporated into the Troops them- felves ; where they {till retain'd their antient Name.

Their principal Office was the giving of Intelligence ; in which they agreed with thofe call'd Curioft, with whom they were frequently join'd. See CuRiosr.

FRUMENTY, popularly Furmety, a kind of Pottage, or Broth, the Bafis whereof is Wheat, boil'd up with Milk, Sugar, and fometimes Spice.

'Pliny tells us, that in his Time they mix'd Chalk among it. Galen defcribes it as a very nutritious fort of Corn or Pulfe, boil'd with Water, Wine, and Oil.

The Latins call'd it Alica, which Fefius derives ab alen- do ; as being very feeding. But then it mud be obferv'd, they made it of any kind of Corn.

Ours being reftrain'd to Wheat, we have given its Deno- mination accordingly, from Frumentum. "An Emuliion,

wherein Wheat were an Ingredient, would be a kind of Frumenty.

FRUSTUM, in Mathematicks, a Piece cut off or fcpa- rated from a Body.

Thus the Fruflum of a Pyramid, or Cone, is a Part, or Piece thereof; cut off, ufually, by a Plane, parallel to the Safe. See Pyramid, and Cone.

All round, and fquare Timber that goes tapering, may be conceived as the Fruflum of a Cone, or Pyramid; to find the Quantity whereof, take the following Theorem ; which an the main is Mr. Oughtred's. Given, B, the Side of the Greater Bafe, b the leiTer Bafe's Side, A the Height of the Fruflum : Tho', below, we fuppofe B and b to reprefent the Area's of the two Bafts. Whole Height a -\- A = H.

Firft, to find a, fay, as B — * : b : : A :

a LA, or Ut. Now B B— b x

'by.. ; H=3 times the whole Py- ramid, becaufe any Prifm is 3 times a Pyramid of the fame Bale, and Height with it, by 7 and ro Eu- clid, and b = 3 times the upper Pyramid.

Wherefore

equal to the Fruflum of the Pyramid required ; which Theorem in Words is this.

Multiply the lower Bafe by the whole. Height; and from the Product fubtract the upper Bafe multiply'd by the Height of the Top-piece wanting ; and then one third of the Remainder Ihall give the Fruflum.

And the fame way you may ptoceed for the Fruflum of a Cone ; only it will be more difficult to find the Circular Bafes.

FRUTEX, Shrub, a Vegetable, of a Genus between a Tree, and Herb ; but of a woody Subflancc. See Shrub.

FRUTICOSE Stalks, of Plants, are thofe of a hard woody Subftance. See Stalk.

FRYTH, or Frith, is explain'd by Sir Edward Coke, as a Plain between two Woods ; a La°wnd. Chaucer ufes it for a Wood.

Camden, for an Arm of the Sea ; or a Streight, between two Lands : from Fretum. — Maketh his liTue into the Eftua- ry or Frith of 'Thames.

Smith, in his England's Improvement, makes it fignify all Hedge-wood, except Thorns.

How to reconcile thefe different Sentiments, we know not ; but we are fure the Saxon Word fignifies Peace ; and that Fryth, in our Records, is often us'd for a Wood : Lector, tu tibi Oedipus eflo.

FUAGE, or Focage, a Tax, or Imposition, laid on Hearths, or Chimnies ; i. e. Fire-places, or Families, call'd alfo Hearth Silver, and Chimney Money. See Hearth Silver, and Chimney Money.

Edward III, the Black Prince, having Acquitain granted him, laid an [mpofition of Fuage, or Focage upon the Sub- jects of that Dukedom, viz,. One Shilling for evety Fire. After his Example, Charles V. of France laid a like Tax of a Franc for each Fire for one Year only. His Succeflbr

Charles VI. augmented it under the fame Name : Charles VII. render'd ir perpetual, and call'd it 'faille.

By an Ordinance of Humbert II. Dauphin of France, the Impofition ofFouage, or Feu age, was then laid per Feu, i. e. fer Fire, or Family, fen per Lares focum habentes. In Latin it was call'd Fecagium, q. d. fro fingulis fecis.

Sometimes it was alfo call'd Tcurnage, on account of the Oven, or Furnace : In Greek. >«»«''. of iuLm©-, fumus, Smoak.

In Will. Tyr. dc Sello Sacro, it is call'd Fcagium : For it was alfo impos'd by the Kings of Jerufalem. The Counts, and other Lords likewife impos'd it on their Feudatarics, or Vaffals. Zonaras allures us, that the General Nicebhorus firft eflablifh'd it among the Greeks.

FUCUS, in Natural Hiitory, a Sea-plant, call'd alfo Al- fa. See Mar'me Plant.

The Flowers of the Fucns grow on the whole Extent of its Leaves; in form of little Tufts, compofed of a gre^t Number of exceedingly fine Filaments, about the length of a Line. The Seed is inclos'd in a vilcid Matter, at the Extremity of the Leaves. See Mushroom, Coral, Ge- neration of Plants, Seed, g?c.

Fucus is alfo us'd for a Paint, or a Compofition applied on the Face, to beautify it, and heighten the Complexion. See Cosmetic.

Old Women make ufe of Fucus' s and Pomatums, to ap- pear young. The Fucus made with Cerufs, is corrofive,- and pernicious to the Skin.

The Chymitls ahufe the Ladies in felling them Oil of Bricks, as an excellent Fucus. Pliny fays, that the Fucus of the Roman Lndies was a kind of white Earth, or Chalk brought from Chio, and Samos, diffolv'd in Water.

The Fucus Solimanni is a Compofition of prepared Subli. mate, in great Repute among the Spaniards of Peru.

FUEL, or Fewel, the Pabulum of Fire; lee Fewel.

FUGA Vacui, in the antient School Philofophy, a Prin- ciple, whereby various Effects were produced, arifing from a fuppofed Averfion, in Nature, to a VacHotn. See Va- cuum.

The Fuga Vacui was a very fertile, and extenfive Prin- ciple ; and folved abundance of Difficulties with a deal of Eafe. Suppofc, e.gr. a Syringe; immerfe one Extreme of it in Water; and draw up the Embolus, or Sucker: Then hear how the Antients will rcafon upon it. They firft laid it down for granted, that there can be no Vacuum ; then arguing, that there mult be a Vacuum, unlels the Water fhould follow the Embolus ; they conclude, that the higher the Embolus is drawn, the higher fhall the Water alcend ; and this, Fuga Vacui, to keep out a Vacuum.

In after times, the Matter was itated in oilier Terms ; and the Water was faid to rife, Metu Vacui, for fear of the Vacuum ; which mult otherwift enfue. And at length, as if this were not enough, inftead of Fuga, and Metus, they fubftituted the Word Horror ; and affirm'd, that the Water rofe out of Natures Abhorrence of a Vacuum. Which was juft as good Senfe, as if a Perfon being aik'd, Why Coals were brought to London ? fhould anfwer, That it was done fuga, or metu, or horrore frigoris ; for fear of Cold. Which is giving the Final Caufe, when the Efficient one was re- quired.

Molt of the Phamomena, which the Antients afcribed to the Fuga Vacui, the Moderns have demonstrated to arife from the Gravity and Preffure of the Air. This is the Cafe in the Afcent of Water in Syringes, Pumps, £?<;. See Air ; fee alfo Pumv, Syringe, &c.

FUGALIA, in Antiquity, a Feafl, celebrated among the Romans. See Feast.

Hoffman, after Feftus, takes the Fugalia to be the fame with the Rcgifugium, a Feaft held on the 24 th of February; in Memory of the Expulfion of the Kings, and the abolilli- ing of the Monarchical Government. But Struvius, Alt' tiq. Roman. Syntag. c. 9. diftinguifhes the Fugalia from the Regifuge : And even doubts, whether the Rcgifugium were thus called on account of the Expulfion of the Kings ; or, by reafon the Rex Sacrorum, a Iter the Sacrifice was ended rf fled haftily oat of the Forum, and Comitia. See Regifu- gium.

Be this as it will, the only antient Author of Note, that makes exprefs mention of the Fugalia, is St. Augvfiin, De Civit. Dei, L. II. c. 6. And his Commentator fives, fhews a great Inclination to correct the Reading of the Word, were it not, that St. Auguftin adds, that the Feafl was a true Fugalia; A\ Decency and Modetiy being banift.'d there- from.

That learned Petfon conjeflures, that the Fugalia were the fame thing with the Poplifugia, or the Fcail of Fa- gia, the Goddefs of Joy ; occaiioned by the Rout of an E- nemy ; which was the Reafon wny the People abandon'd themfclves to Riot and Debauchery: And that the Feafl was firft inftituted on occafion o" the Viflory gain'd over the Ficulneates, Fidenates, and neighbouring Nations, upon their Attempt to take Poffeflion of Rome, the Day af-
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