Page:Cyclopaedia, Chambers - Volume 1.djvu/849

 FRO

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FRO

Glue, Gum Arabick, and yellow Sand, with a little Aqua Vitet or Urine. The Beam, or Drawer, is thus called, by reafon it dsaws the Stuff from between the Frizer and/}/- zing Taste, which is a wooden Roller, befet all over with little, fine, Jhort Points or Ends of Wire, like thofe of Cards, ufed in carding of Wool.

The Difpoiition and Ufe of the Machine is thus: The Table ftands immoveable, and bears, or fuftains the Cloth to be frized, which is with that Side uppermoit, on which the Prize is to be raifed. Over the Table is plac'd the Fri- zer at fuch Diftance from it, as to give room for the Stuff to be pafs'd between them : So, that the Frizer having a very flow femicircular Motion, meeting the long Hairs or Nap of the Cloth, twifts and rolls them into little Knobs,, or Buttons; while, at the fame time, the Drawer, which is continually turning, draws away the Stuff from under the Frizer, and winds it over its own Points.

AH that the Workman has to do while the Machine is eoing, is to flretch the Stuff on the Table, as faft as the Drawer takes it off; and, from time to time, to take off the Stuff from the Points of the Drawer.

It has already been obferv'd, that the Prizing Table is lined with Stuff of a ihort, ftiff, ftubby Nab; the Ufe whereof is to detain the Cloth between the Table, and Fri- zer long enough for the Grain to be form'd ; that the Drawer may not take it away too readily ; which muft otherwife be the Cafe, inahvnuch as it is not held by any thing' at the other End.

It were needlefs to fay any thing particular of the man- ner of frizing Stuffs with the Hand ; it being the Aim of the Workmen to imitate as near as they can, with their wooden Inftrumenf, the flow, equable, and circular Motion of the Machine. It needs only be added, that their Frizer is but about two Foot long, and one broad ; and that to form the Nap more eafily, they moiiten the Surface of the Stuff lightly with Water, mingled with Whites of Eggs, or Honey.

FRONT, the Forehead, or that Part of the Face above the Eyebrows. See Os Frontis.

The Word is form'd of the Latin From, and that from the Greek Qfjvtiv, to think, perceive; of f$v 9 mens, the Mind, Thought. Martin'ms, to make out this Etymology, obierves, that from the Forehead of a Perfon we perceive what he is, what he is capable of, and what he thinks of. 1)iiLaurens chufes to derive it from ferre, by reafon it bears the Marks of what we have in our Head.

Front is alio us'd where feveral Perfbns, or Things are ranged Side by Side, and ihew their Front.

Thofe Troops ranged in form of Battel made a large Front ; The three Legions were here difpos'd in two Lines, as Cefffar us'd to do, when with a few Forces he had occafion to extend his Front. The Front of the Army coniifted of fo many Battalions, and fo many Squadrons.

Tne Military Evolutions teach how to make a Front of any Side, i. e. How to prefent the Face and Arms to the Enemy, what Side foever he attack on. They attack'd the Enemy in Front, and in Flank. See Flank,

Front, in Architecture, the principal Face, or Side of a Building: Or that prefented to the chief Afpect, or View. See Face.

The Palace confifls of a large Pile in Front, flank'd with two Wings. See Frontispiece.

Front, in Perfpeftive, a Projection, or Reprefentation of the Face or Fore-part of an Object ; or of that Part di- rectly oppofite to the Eye ; call'd alfo, and more ufually, Orthography. Sec Orthograthy.

FRONTAL, in Architecture, a little Fronton, or Pedi- ment, fometimes placed over a little Door, or Window. See Pediment.

FRONTALE Os, in Anatomy, fee Os Frontis.- Frontale, or Frontal, in Medicine, an external Form of Remedy, applied on the Forehead, with a Bandage j for the Cure of the Head Ach, Megrim, Vapours, e>c-

Frontals are compofed of Roles, Elder Flowers, Betony, Marjoram, Lavender, &c. wrap'd in a Linen Cloth, and applied over the Forehead and Temples.

There are alfo Frontals in manner of Linements, made 6f Unguentum populeum y Extract of Opium $ or of Partes, Powders, Seeds, &c.

In Frontals applied to cafe the Violence of the Head-ach in the height of Fevers, they frequently mix the Kernels of Cherries.

Frontal, Frontlet, or Brow-band, is alfo us'd in fpeaking of the Jewifh Ceremonies.

The Frontal coniifts of four feveral Pieces of Vellum, on each whereof is wrote fome Text of Scripture. They are all laid on a piece of black Calves Leather, with Thongs to fye it by. The Jews apply the Leather with the Vellum on their Foreheads, in the Synagogue, and tie k round the Head tvith the Thongs.

FRONT ALES, in Anatomy, two Mufcles, one on each Side the Forehead; commonly fuppofed to fpring from the

Skull, but now known to arife from the Occipital Mufcles 5 or rather, it appears that the Frontales and Occipitales are only one continued Digaitric Mufcle, on each Side, moving the Scalp and Skin of the Forehead and Eyebrows. See' Occipitalis.

TheFrontales begin to be chus denominated after they have begun to pafs the Coronal Suture, with Fibres paffing ob- liquely to the Eyebrows, where they terminate, and in the lower Part of the Skin of the Forehead.

They have each two Appendages; the fuperior, or ex- ternal is commonly fix'd to the Bone of the Noie ; the lower is fix'd to the Os Frontis, and is by Volcherns Colter made a diftinct Mufcle, and called Corrngaior, from its Ufe in- drawing the Eyebrows to each other.'— '—

FRONTATED, a Term us'd by the Eotanifts, to ex- prefs that the Petalum or Leaf of a Flower grows broader and broader; and at kit, perhaps, terminates in a Right Line.

In opposition to etifpidated, which expreffes that the Leaves terminate in a Point. Sec Petala.

FRONTIER, the Border, Confine, or Extreme of a' Kingdom, or Province ; which the Enemies find in Front, when they would enter the fame.

A Frontier Town : Frontier Province. Frontiers were antiently called Marches. See Marches.

The Word is derived from the French Frontiere, and that of the Latin Frontaria, as being a kind of Front oppofed to the Enemy. Skinner derives Frontier from Front; in- almuch as the Frontier is the exterior, and 1110ft advanced Part of a State, as the Front is that ©f the Face of a Man.

FRONTIS Os, in Anatomy, the Bone of the Forehead. See Front.

The Os Frontis is a Bone of the Cranium, in form almofi: round : It joins the Bones of the Sinciput and Temples by the Coronal Suture, and the Bones of the upper Jaw by the tranfverfe Suture, and the Os Sphxnoides, by the Sphenoi- dal Suture. See Cranium.

It forms the upper Part of the Orbit, and has four Apo- phyfes, which are at the four Angles of the two Orbits.

It has two Holes above the Orbits, thro' which pals the Vein, Artery,, and fome Twigs of the firft Branch of the fifth Pair. It has alfo one in each Orbit, a little above the Planum, thro' which a Twig of the Opthalmick Branch of the fifth Pair of Nerves paries to the Nofe.

It has two Sinus's above the Eyebrows, between its two Tables ; they are lined with a thin Membrane, in which there are feveral Blood Veffels and Glands, which feparate a mucous Serofity, that falls into the Noftrils.

The Infide of this Bone has feveral Inequalities, made by the Veffels of the Dura Mater. It has two large Dim- ples made by the anterior Lobes of the Brain. Above the Crifta Galli, it has a fmall blind Hole, into which the End of the Sinus longitudinalis is inferted.

FRONTISPIECE, in Architeaure,the <Portail, or prin- cipal Face of a fine Building. See Portail.

The Frontifpiece of the Louvre is the finefi Piece of Ar- chitecture in France.

The Word is form'd of the Latin Frontifpichim, q. d. Frontis hominis infpetTto, Hence, by a Figure, we fay the Frontifpiece of a Book, meaning an Ornament with an en- graven Title on the firit Page.

FRONTLET, fee Frontal,

FRONTON, in Architecture, an Ornament among us, more ufually called 'Pediment. See Pediment.

FROST, an esceffive cold State of the Weather, where- by the Motion and Fluidity of Liquors is fufpended : Or, it is that State of the Air, g/C. whereby Fluids are converted into Ice. See Freezing, and Ice.

Metals contract, or are morten'd in Frojl. Monf. Auzotit found by Experience, that an iron Tube twelve Foot long loft two Lines of its Length, upon being expofed to the Air, in a irofty Night. But this we fuppole wholly the Effect of the Cold.

Froji does not contract Fluid's, as was formerly imagined : On the contrary, it fwells or dilates them by nearly ^ of their Bulk.

Scheffer afluresus, that in Szveden the Frojl pierces into the Earth two Cubits* or S-zvccdift? Ells ; and turns what Moifture is found therein, into a whitifh Subftance, like Ice. He adds, that ftanding Waters freeze to a greater Depth 5 even to three Ells, or more : But thofe thatTiave a Current, lefs ; and rapid Waters, and bubbling Springs, never.

Mr. Boyle gives us feveral Experiments of Veflels made of Metals, exceeding thick and ftrong ; which being fill'd with Water, clofc ftop'd, and expofed to the Cold : The Water, in freezing, coming to be expanded ; and not finding either Room, or Vent, burft the Veffels.

A itrong Barrel of a Gun, with Water in it, clofe ftop'd and froze?7., was rent the whole Length : And a fmall Brafs Veffel, five Inches deep, and two in Diameter, fill'd with Water, &c. life up its Lid, which was preis'd with a Weight of Jtf Pounds,

Olearius