Page:Cyclopaedia, Chambers - Volume 1.djvu/848

 FRI

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FRI

Hence, as the Refiitance from Prefllon ma^ be fingle 5 and as the fame always accompanies that arifing from the Magnitude of the Surfaces; and is ufually much the more confiderabie of the two, when it does accompany it: For theie Reafons in moft of the Experiments that are made, it is the only one perceived, and the only one that need to be confider'd.

But then, as 'tis poffible, in certain Cales, for the Pref- fion to be very flender; and the Number of Parts to be rub'd very great: It muft be own'd there are Cafes wherein the FriBion follows very feniibly the Proportion of the Sur- faces.

For the Friction of the Tarts of Fluids, fee Resistance, and Retardation of Fluids.

Friction, in Medicine, and Chirurgery, the A£l of rub- bing a difeafed Part with Oils, Unguents, or other Matters, in order to eafe, relieve, and cure it. See Unguent.

FriStons are much ufed, efpecially abroad, in Venereal Cafes ; where they prefer the applying of Mercury exter- nally, by way of Friction ; to that of giving it internally to raife a Salivation. See Salivation, and Mercury.

There are alio Frictions 'with the Flefh-brufb, a linen Cloth, or the Hand only : For the Effect of which laft, fee Stroaking.

Fri&iom in the general, and of any kind, are a fort of Exercife that contributes very greatly to Health ; as they excite and ftir up the natural Warmth, divert Defiuxions, promote Perfpiration, open the Pores of the Skin, and car- ry off Humors.

The Flejhhrnjh t Dr. Cheyne obferves, is an Exercife moft ufeful for promoting a full and free Perfpiration and Circu- lation. Every Body knows the Effect of currying of Horfes ; that it makes them fleek, gay, lively, and active ; fo as to be judg'd equivalent to half the Feeding.

This it can no other wife effect, but by aflifting Nature to throw off the Recrements of the Juices whic"h ftop the free Circulation j and by conftant Frtaipn, Irritation and Stimu- lation, to call the Blood and Spirits to the Parts moft di- ftant from the Seat of Heat, and Motion, and fo plump up the Superficial Mufclcs. And the fame Effects it would have in other Creatures, and Man himfelf, if managed hi the fame manner, and with the fame Care and Regularity.

Perions, therefore, of weak Nerves and fedentary Lives, would do well to fupply the Want of other Exerciie with fpending half an Hour, Morning and Night, in currying and rubbing their whole Body, efpecially their Limbs, with a Tlefh brufti. See Exercise.

Friction, orFRixioN, in Chymiftry, is the fame with what in Cookery we call Frying, viz. a Preparation of cer- tain Matters in a Pan, with the Addition of fbme unctuous thing, as Oil, Fat, ££?c.

The Frixion of Medicines is perform'd over a flow, mo- derate Fire $ and that of Foods over a quick one.

FRIDSTOLL, andFRiTHSTOw, in our antient Writers, Signifies a Seat, Chair, or Place of Peace. See Sanctu- ary-

In the Charter of Immunities granted to the Church of St.Teter in Tork, by Hen. r. and confirmed An. 5. H 7. we read thus, — £>tiod fi aliquis vefano fpiritu agitatus di- abolico attfa qiiemquam capere prafumerit in Cathedra lapidea pxta Alt are, quod Anglici vacant Fridftol, i. e. Ca- thedra quietudinis vel pads 5 htijns tarn jlagitiofi facrilcgii emendatio fub millo \udicio erat, fub nullo pecuniae numero claudebatur, fed apud Anglos Botelee, hoc eft, fine emenda, vocabatur.

Of thefe there were many others in England \ but, the moft famous was at 'Beverly, which had this Infcription, Hac fedes lapidea Freedftoll dicitur, i. c. Pacis Cathedra, ad quam reus fugiendo perveniens, omnimodam habet fecuri- tatem. Camb.

It fignifies alfo a Palace, which is ufually a priviledg d Place.

FRIENDLY Society, fee Office of Insurance.

FRIEZE, or Frize, or Freeze, in Architecture, a Member, or Divifion of the Entablature of Columns, by the Antients call'd Zophoros. See Freeze.

FRIGATOON, a Venetian Vcffel, commonly us'd in the Adriatick.

Itis built with a fquare Stern, and without any Fore-rnaftj having only a Main-maff, Miffen-maft, and Bowfprit.

FRIGID, of the Latin frigidus, cold, is varioufly ufed.

A frigid Style, is a low, jejune manner of Diction, wanting Force, Warmth of Imagination, Figures of Speech, fi?C. See Style.

Frigid Zone, or Frozen Zone, in Geography. See Zone.

FRIGIDITY, is alfo ufed in the fame Senfe with 1m- potency ^ fee Impotency.

FRIGORIFIC, inPhyficksj fomething that occafions cold. See Cole,

Some Philofophers, particularly Gaffendits, and other Corpufcularians, denying Cold to be a mere Privation or Abfence of Heat, contend that there are actual frigorific Corpufcles, or Particles as well as fiery ones: Whence proceed Cold and Heat. But the later Philofophers allow of no other frigorific Particles, befide thole nitrous Salts, which float in the Air in cold Weather, and cccalion Freezing. See Freezing.

FRIPPERY, a French Term, fometimes ufed in our Language.

Frippery, or Fripperie, properly imports the Trade, or Traffkk of old fecond-hand Cloaths, and Goods.

The Word is alfo ufed for the Pkce, where fuch fort of Commerce is carried on, and even for the Commodities themfelves. — ■ — ■

The Company of Frippiers, or Fripperers at "Paris, are a regular Corporation, of an antient Standing, and make a considerable Figure among the Communautes of that City. See Broker.

FRIT, or Fritt, in the Glafs Manufacture, is the Mat- ter, or Ingredients, whereof Glafs is to be made, calcined, or baked in a Furnace. Sec Glass.

A Salt drawn from the Ames of the Plant Kali, or from Fern, mix'd with Sand, or Flints, and baked together, make an opake Mais, called by Glaffmcn Frit j probably from frittare, to fry 5 or by reafon the Frit, when melted, runs into lumps like Fritters, called by the Italians, Fri- telli.

By the Antients it was called Hanmonitrum, or Amino- mtrum, of ciy-t*-©-. Sand, and I'i^ov, Nitre: Under which Name it is defcribed by 'Pliny thus : Fine Sand from the Voltumian Sea, mix'd with three times the Quantity of Nitre, and melted, makes a Mafs call'd Ammonitrum ; which being re-boiled, makes pure Glafs. Hijl. Nat. X. 36. c. 26.

Frit, Neri obferves, is only the Calx of the Materials which make Glafs h which, tho' they might be melted, and Glafs be made without thus calcining them, yet would it take up much more Time. This Calcining, or making of Frit, ferves to mix and incorporate the Materials together, and to evaporate all the fuperfluous Humidity. The Frit once made, is readily fufed and turned into Glafs. — —

There are three kinds of Frits : The Firft, Cryftal Frit, or that for Cryftal Metal, made with Salt of Polvcrine and Sand.

The Second, and ordinary Frit is made of the bare Afhes ofPolverinc, or Barillia, without extrafting the Salt from them. This makes the ordinary white, or cryftal Metal.

The Third, is Frit for Green Glaffes, made of common Ames, without any Preparation. This hit Frit will require ig or 12 Hours baking.

The Materials in each, are to be finely powder'd, wafti'd, and fierced h then equally mix'd 5 and frequently ftirr'd to- gether in the Melting Pot. For the reft fee Glass, and

FRITHBTJRGH, fee Friburgii.

FRITHGILD, was antiently the fame we now call a Guild, or a Fraternity, or Company. See Gild.

FRIZE, or Frieze, in Architecture, a Part of the En- tablature of Columns, more ufually wrote, and pronounced Freeze. See Freeze.

Frize, or Freeze, in Commerce, a kind of woollen Cloth, or Stuff, for Winter Wear, being frized or nap't on one Side 5 whence, in all Probability, it derives its Name.

Of Frizes, fome are crofs'd; others not crofs'd. The former are chiefly of Fngliflo Manufacture : The latter of Irifi?- See Frizing.

FRIZING of Cloth, a Term inthe W° o! en Manufactury, applied to the forming of the Nap ot a Cloth, or Stuff, into a number of little hard Burs, or Prominences, covering almoft the whole Ground thereof.

Some Cloths are only frized on the Back-fide 5 as black Cloths: Others on the right Side, as coloured and mix'd Cloths, Rateens, Bays, Frizes,££?c.

Frizing may be perform'd two way's : One with the Hand, i. e, by means of two Workmen, who conduct a kind of Plank, that ferves as a frizing Instrument.

The other by a Mill, work'd either by Water, or a Horfe ; or fometimes by Men. This latter is efteem'd the better way of frizing, by reafon the Motion being uniform, and regular, the little Knobs of the Prizing are form'd more equably, and alike. The Structure of this ufeful Machine is as follows.

The three principal Parts are, The Frizer, or Crifper; the Frizing Table $ and the ^Drawer, or Beam.

The two firft are two equal Planks or Boards, each about ten Foot long, and fifteen Inches broad ; differing only in this, that the Frizing Table is lined, or cover'd with a kind of coarfe Woolen Stuff, of a rough, fturdy Nap ; and that the Frizer is incruftated with a kind of Cement, compoled of
 * C « Glue,