Page:Cyclopaedia, Chambers - Volume 1.djvu/846

 FRI

d 99)

FRI

Fresh Sute, Recens Inficatio, is fuch a prefent and ac- tive Prolecution of an Offender, as never ceafes, from the Time of the Offence committed, or difcover'd, till he be apprehended. See Sute.

The Benefit of fuch Perfuit of a Felon, is, That the Par- ty perfuing (hall have his Goods reftor'd to him, whereas otherwife they are the King's.

Frcflt Sute may continue for feven Tears.' ■

Frejh Sute is either within the View, or without. Man- wood fays, That upon frejh Sute within the View, Trefpaf- paffers in the Foreit may be attached by the Officers pur- suing them, tho' without the Limits of the Foreft.

Fresh Spell, in the SeaLanguage, a frejh Gang, to re- lieve the Rowers in the Longboat. See Spell.

Fresh Shot, in the Sea Phrafe, fignifies the falling

or White Friars, &c. See Religions Orders ; fee alfa Dominican, Franciscan, Carmelite &c.

Friar, in its more peculiar and proper Senfe, is re- ftrain'd to fuch Monks, as are not Priclis ; for thofe in Or- ' ders, are ufually dignify'd with the Appellation of Father. See Father.

Friars, or Friers Objervant, Fratres Obfervantes, were a Branch of the Francifcans, which are Minores tarn Ohfervantes, quam Conventuales & Cafucini. See Minor, and Observant.

They were called Obfervants, becaufe not combined to- gether in any Cloifter, Convent, or Corporation, as the Con- ventuals are ; but only agreed among themfelves to obferve the Rules of their Order, and that more ltriclly than the Con- ventuals did 4 from whom they feparated themfelves out living in certain Places of their own

-, fignifies the -

down of any great River, into the Sea ;_ by means whereof of a Singularity of Zeal ;

the Sea hath frejh Water a good way from the Mouth of chufing.

the River. ^ FRIBURGH, or Frithborg, among our Anglo-Saxon

As this is more or lefs, they call it a great or fmall Anceftors, denoted the fame as Frank-fledge did after ths

Frejh Shot. Time of the Conquell. See Frank-pledge.

FRET, or Frette, in Architeflurc, a kind of Knot, or 'Pneterea ejl qntedam fumma ££ maxima jecuritas, per

Ornament, confining of two Lifts, or fmail Fillets varioufly quam omnes ftatu firmifiimo fuftinentur, viz. ut tlnusquij'q;

interlac'd, or wove; and running at parallel Diftances, equal jlabiliat fe full fidejilf/wuis fecuritate, quam Angli vacant

to their Breadth. _ _ Freoborghes : foil iamen Eboracenfes dtcma eanicm Tien-

A neceffary Condition of thefe Frets is, thit every Re

turn, and Interferon be at Right Angles. This is fo iridiC penfible, that they have no Beauty without it; but become perfectly Gothic

mannatale, quod fonat latine decern homiimm Numerum. II Edit, fer Lam.

Every Man in this Kingdom was antiently afTodated in fome Decennary, or Company of ten Families, who wen

Sometimes the Fret confiflsbut of a Angle Fillet ; which, if pledg'd or bound for each other, to keep the Peace and ob

well managed, may be made to fill its Space exceedingly well,

The Antients made great ufe of thefe Frets : The Places they were chiefly applied on, were even, flat Members, or Parts of Building ; as the Faces of the Corona, and Eves of Cornices ; under the Roofs, Soffits, &c. on the Plinths of Bafes, &c.

The Appellation was occafion'd hence, that the Word Frette literally fignify'd the Timber Work of a Roof, which confifts chiefly, of Beams, Rafters, &c. laid a-crois each other, and as it were, fretted.

Fret-oto^, an Enrichment of Frets ; or a Place adorn'd with fomething in manner thereof. See Fret.

Fret-work is fometimes ufed among us, to fill up, and en- rich flat, empty Spaces 5 but 'tis principally practiced in Roofs, which are fretted over with Plaifter Work.

The Itaiians alio apply it to the MantJings of Chimneys

lerve the Law. See Decenna;

If any Otfence was done by one, the other nine were to anfwer it ; That is, if the Criminal fled from Juttice, they had thirty Days allow'd to apprehend him : If he was not taken in that time, he who was the Fribltrgh, i. e. the prin- cipal Pledge of the ten, mould take two of his own ISIum- ber, and the chief Pledges of three neighbouring Friburgbi* with two others out of each of the laid Friburgbs ; who were to purge themfelves and their Friburgb or the For- feiture and Flight of the Criminal. If they could not do this, the principal Pledge, with the other eight, were to' make Satisfaction.

Great Men were not combined in any ordinary ^Decenna^ or Dozein; as being deem'd a fufficicnt AfTurancefbr them- felves and their menial Servants. See Dozein.

FRICASSEE, aDifh, or Mefs, haftily dscfs'dinaPot, or

with great Figures : A cheap Piece of Magnificence, and as Frying-pan, and feafon'd with Butter, Oil, or the like,

durable almoft within Doors, as harder Matters in the Wea- ther.

Fret, or Frette, in Heraldry, is a Bear- ing confining of fix Bars, crofs'd, and inter- lac'd, fret-w'^e ; asin the adjoining Figure.

He bears Diamond a Fret Topaz: The Coat Armor formerly of the Lord Maltrcvcrs, and now quarter'd by the Duke of Norfolk. When it confifts of more than fix Pieces,

Thus we fay, a Frica/Jee of Pullets, of Rabbits, Tenches, of Tripe, of Frogs, of Eggs, of Peas, £5?c.

The Word is pure French, fonn'd of the Latin Fri^a- tura, frying. Others will have Fricaffee form'd ini.Taitation of the Noife made by Butter, or other Fat, v-;' nCn me ]te& in the Pan.

FRICTION, the Aa of rubbing, or grating the Surface of one Body againfl: that of another ; called alio Attrition,

The Phenomena arifmg upon the FriHton of divers Bodies under divers Ci re um fiances, are very numerous and confi- derable. ^Mr. Hawksl-cc gives us a Number of Experiments of this Kind : Particularly that of the Attrition, or Frifticn of GUIs, under various Circumftances ; the Refult of which was, that it yielded Light, became Electrical, &c. See At- trition, Electricity, Sec.

All Bodies by FriBion are brought to conceive Heat - many of them to emit Light ; particularly a Gats-back,

" r ter, Gold, Cop-

fhe Number muft be fpecified.

Some call this the true Lovers Knot; others, Har- rington's Knot, becaufe 'tis their Arms, and NoHoformo the Motto. Gibbon is for calling it Heraldormz Nodus Ama- torius. _

FRETTY, or Frettee, in Heraldry, is where there are divers Bars laid a-crofs each other.

Frettee is of fix, eight, or more Pieces. Azure, Fretty of eight Pieces Or : The Coat of the Lord Willoiigbby.

Colombiere obferves, that Fretty abfolutely us'd, without Sugar, beaten Sulphur, Mercury, 'sea Watt any Addition, is fuppos'd to be of fix Pieces; that is, fo pcr,£5;C.But above all, Diamonds, which when briflcly'rubb r d many Bars or Pieces crofiing each other : Which, therefore, againfl: Glafs, Gold, or the like, yield a Li<mt, equal to need not be exprefs'd ; but if there be more, as much muft that of a live Coal, when blowed by the Bellows. See be mention'd. Fire, Light, Heat, Phoshorus, Diamond, &c

And yet Guillim has Azure, Fretty of fix, Argent : The Friction, inMechanicks, the Rcfiftance a moviii" Body Coat of the anticnt Lords Eltbi??gbain of Si/jfex. meets withal from the Surface whereon it moves. See Re-

Gu'tllhn derives the Word from the French Rets, Net : sistance. But the Reader will eafily furniih himfelf a better Etymo- logy from the Word Fret, in Arcbite&itre. ^«"«^ "' l»c -ouuy mov a on, ana that ot the Body mov- FRIABLE, is applied to Bodies, to denote them tender ing. For fuch Surfaces confifting alternately of Eminences and brittle; eafily crumbled, or redue'd to Powder between and Cavities ; either the Eminences of the one muft be the Finger: Their Force of Cohefion being fuch as eafily ex- raifed over thofe of the other; or they muft be both broke pofes them to Solution. and wore off: But neither can happen without Motion • nor

<J.10 J. .1lilV.lL*

FriHion, arites from the Roughnefs or Afperity of the Surface of the Body mov'd on, and that of the Body mov-

Such is Pumice, and all calcin'd Stones, burnt Alum, ($c. can Motion be produe'd without a Force imprefs'd. Fle'nce Friability is fuppos'd to arifc hence, that the Body con- the Force applied to move the Body, is either whollv or fifts wholly of dry Parts, irregularly combined, and which partly fpent on this EfTed ; and confequcntly there ariies a are readily feparated, as having nothing unctuous, or gluti- Refiftance, or FriBion : Which will be greater, ceteris, fa- was to bind them together. See Cohesion. ribus, as the Eminences are the greater, and the Subftance FRIAR, or Frier, by the Latins call'd Frater, the Ita- the harder. And as the Body, by continual FriSion grows Hans Fraticello, and the French, Frere, that is, Brother, is more and more Polite, the Frtttion diminifhes. a Term common to the Monks of all Orders ; founded on Hence it follows, that the Surfaces of the Parts of Ma- chines that touch each other, .mould be as fmooth and po- lifh'd as poflible. But, as no Body can befo much polifh'd as quite to take away all Inequality ; witnefs thofe numer' The kinds of Friars are very numerous, jingvjlin Fri- ous Ridges difcover'd by the Microfcope on the imootheft ars; Dominican, or Slack, or 'Preaching Friars ; Fran- Surfaces: Hence arifes the Neceffity of anointino the Parts cifcan, or Grey, or Minor, or Begging Friars ; Carmelites, that touch, with Oil, or other fatty Matter,

La'xs

this, that there is a kind of Fraternity, or Broderhood pre- fumed between the feveral religious Perfons of the fame Convent, or Monaflery. See Brother, Monk, &c