Page:Cyclopaedia, Chambers - Volume 1.djvu/841

 FRE

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FRE

Summer, call'd Freckles-, which, as they may be fqueez'd out by a dexterous Application of the Fingers, many People have been indue'dtotake them lor little Worms, generated in the Skin, whofe Head is the little Speck above-mention'd; where- as, in reality, they are little Pclotoons of Sweat, dried in the Fores of the Skin ; the outer Tip, or Extreme whereof is dirty, and blacken'd with the Duft continually floating in the Air, arretted by the glutinous Matter of the Sweat it felf.

They arc found more about the Nofe and Skin, than any where elfe; by reafon the Skin is more ffrerch'd there, and confequently the Pores more patent, to receive the Dull, &c.

From this Theory it follows, that there can fcarce be any fuch thing as an adequate Remedy or Preventive of Freckles. Temporary ones there may be, which /hall draw out and diffipatc, what Matter is already gathcr'd : But the Spaces will fill up again in time.

Bullocks Qall mix'd with Alum ; and after the Alum has precipitated, expos'd three or four Months to the Sun in a clofe Phial, Monf. Ho'mberg obferves, is one of the belt Remedies known fox Freckles. It acts as a Lixivium; en- ters the Pores, and dilutes and diflblves the Coagulum of the Freckles. Mem. de CAcad. Royal des Selene. An, 1709. /. 472. t^c ■

FREE, a Term varioufly us'd 5 but generally in opposi- tion to conflrain'd, confined, nece/litatcd. See Frank.

Thus, a Man is faid to be free, who is out of Prifon : And a Bird \sfree, when let out of the Cage: Free from Pain, i. e. yoid of Pain : A free Air : Free Pa/Tage, &c.

But in fpeaklng of Things endued with Underitanding, the Word Free has a more peculiar relation to the Will, and implies its being at full Liberty. See Liberty.

The Stoicks maintain, that their fage or wife Man alone is Free. See Stoic.

Free is al'o us'd in oppofition to Slave.

The Moment a Slave fets foot on Engli/h Ground, he becomes free. The fineil Legacy the antient Romans could leave their Slaves, was their Freedom. See Slave, Servitude, and Manumission.

Free With fee Will.

Free -Thinker., fee Deist.

Fr-&-e Mafon, fee Mason.

Free State, is a Rcpublick govern'd by Magiflrates eledted by the free Suffrages of the Inhabitants. SeeSTAiE.

Free, or Imperial Cities in Germany, are thofe not fub- jeci to any particular Prince; but govern'd, likeRepublicks, by their own Magiflrates. See Empire.

There were Free Cities, Libera Civitates, even under the antient Roman Empire: Such were thole to whom the Emperor, by the Advice, or Confent of the Senate, gave the Privilege of appointing their own Magifirates, and go- verning themfelves by their own Laws. See City.

Free Bench, or Franc Sane, figni/ies that Eftate in Copy- hold Lands, which the Wife hath after the Death of her Husband, for her Dower, according to the Cuftom of the Manor. See Dower.

Thus, at Orleton in the County of Hereford, the Relict of a Copyhold Tenant is admitted to her Free Bench, i. e. to all her Husband's Copyhold Land, during her Life, at the next Court after her Husband's Death. See Bench.

Fhzl/erbert call&.Free Bench a Cuftom, whereby, in cer- tain Cities, the Wife /hall have her Husband's whole Lands, gfe. for her Dower.

Of this Free "Bench, different Manors have different Cu- fioms : Thus, E. gr. in the Manors ot Earl, and Weil Em- borne in Berks, if a cuftomary Tenant die, the Widow /hall have her Free Bench in all his Copyhold Lands, dam fola $$ cafta futrit ; but if /he commit Incontinency, /he for- feits her Eftate: But if /he will come into Court riding backwards on a black Ram, with his Tail in her Hand, re- hearfing a certain Form of Words, the Steward is bound by the Cuftom to re/fore her to her Free Bench.

The like Cufloms are in the Manor of Chadleworth in Berks ; that of Tor in "Dewnflrire, and other Parts of the Weft.

Free Bord, Franc Bord. In fome Places three Feet, in fome more, and in others lefs, is clairn'd by way of Free Bord beyond, or without the Fence. —

Et tctnm Bofcum, quod vacatur Brendewode, cum Franc Bordo dttorum pedum, £i? dimid. per circuimm illius bofci. Mon. Ang. 2' Part, fol. 241.

Free Chapel? is a Chapel founded by the King, and by him exempted from the Jurifdiflion of the Ordinary. See Chapel.

Tho', a Subject may be licene'd by the King to build fuch a Chapel ; and by his Charter may exempt it from the Vi- sitation of the Bi/liop, &c.

Free Stool, fee Fridstoll.

Free JFirrm/, the Power of granting or denying Licence to any one to hunt in iuch and luch Ground. See Warren. FREEjfre', fee Fee.

Free Fair, fee Fair. .

Free Stone, a white Stone, dug up in many Parts oiEng~ land, that works like Alabafter ; but more hard, and dur- able ; being of excellent ufe in Building, t$c. See Stone.

It is a kind of Greet, but finer fanded, and a fmoother Stone.

FREEBOOTER, orFLiBusTER, a Name given to the Corfairs, or Pirates, who fcour the American Seas ; parti- cularly fuch as make War againft the Spaniards. SeeBu- caneer.

The French, Sic. call them Flibufiers, deducing the Word from the Englilh Fiibote, or Flybote 5 by reafon the firft Adventurers of this kind were the People of St. 'Domin- go, who made their Excurfions with Flybotes, which they had taken from the Englijh.

FREEDOM, the Quality, or Habit of being Free. See Free.

Freedom of the Will, a State, or Faculty of the Mind, wherein all the Motions ot our Will are in our Power ; and we are enabled to determine on this, or that; to do good, or evil, without any Force, or Conftraint from any foreign Caufe whatever. See Liberty.

The Schoolmen difiinguifh two kinds of Freedom.

Viz. Freedom of ContradiBion, whereby we are at our choice to will, or »#/; to love, or not love, &c.

Thus, if I give my Friend a Power to take my Horfe; that Friend has Freedom of Contradiction, with refpect to the Horfe; fince it is in his own Power, cither to ufe him, or let him alone. See Contradiction.

Freedom of Contrariety, or of Contraries, is that where- by we are at our choice to doo good, or evil ; be virtuous, or vinous ; take a Horfe, or a Lion.

Thus if I offer my Friend a Horfe, or a Lion; and give him his Option of the two, he is faid to have a Liberty of Contrariety, over the Horfe and Lion. See Contrariety.

But the Logicians charge this as a faulty, or unartful Di- vision ; in regard one Member of the Divifion is contain'd in the ottitr, as a Species in the Genus: For whatever is free, in refpect ot Contradiction, is alio free in refpecl: of Contrariety ; tho' not vice verja ; For if it be free tor my Friend to take the Horfe, or the Lion; it is alfo free for him, to let them both alone : But he may be free to take one of them, without a Freedom of chufing which to take.

Yet is the Diirinction of fome ufe ; as it intimates that the Will is not always poflefs'd of both kinds of Freedom 5 and that the Matter, or Subject of the two is different.

The Will, tho' free, has not a Liberty of Contrariety : Thus, any evident Truth being propos'd to the Mind, e. gr. That the Whole is greater than a Part, we have a Power of not aflendng thereto, by diverting our Attention to fome thing elfe : JBut we have not a Power of di/Tenting from that Propofition, and judging that the Whole is not greater than the Part. I

Hence, the Moralifts commonly hold, that with refpect I to the Supreme Good, Mankind has a Liberty of Contra- diction ; inafmuch as he may abftain from the Love, or Purfuit thereof : But not a Liberty of Contrariety, whereby to hate Goodnefs.

Add, that tho' the human Mind may have a Freedom of Contradiction, with refpect to all Objects, even the Supreme Good it felf; yet the Freedom of Contrariety is reftrain'd to certain Particulars, which either are, or appear to be Good : The Will having fuch a natural Propenfity to Good, that it cannot defire evil, but under the Notion and Appearance of Good. See Good, and Evil ; fee alfo Necessity.

Freedom of Thinking, fee Deism.

Freedom of Confcience, fee Liberty, and Tolera- tion.

Freedom of a City, Town, Sic. A Right, or Capacity of exerci/ing a certain Trade, or Employment in a City, or Town Corporate ; and of being elected to the Dignities and Offices thereof, procur'd regularly by fcrving an Apprentice- ihip; but fometimes purchas'd with Money; andlometimes confer'd as a Favour or Complement. See City, Corpo- ration, Apprenticeship, Sic.

FREEHOLD, Frank Tenement, or Liberztm Tcne- mentum, is Land, or Tenement, which a Man holds in Fee, Fee Tail, or for Term of Life.

Freehold is of two kinds ; in Deed, and in Law.

The fir/! is the real Poffeflion of Land, or Tenement in Fee, Fee Tail, or for Life : The other is the Right a Man has to fuch Land or Tenement before his Entry, or Seizure.

Freehold is likewife extended to fuch Offices as a Man holds in Fee, or for Life. See Fee.

Briton defines Franc Tenement to be a PofTeffion of the Soil, or Services i/Tuing out of the Soil, which a Free-man holds in Fee, or at leaft for Life, tho' the Soil be charg'd with free Services. •

Freehold is alfo fometimes taken in oppofition to Vil- lenage. See Vilxenage.

t&m.