Page:Cyclopaedia, Chambers - Volume 1.djvu/84

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And hence alio it is, that feveral Secular Lords in Ger- many bear Mitres for their ' Crefts ; as having antiently been Advocates of the great Churches. See Mitre, and 'Crest.

Spelman diflinguifties two Kinds of Ecciefiaftical Ad- vowees. — The one, of Caufes, or Proceffes, Advocati Cau- faritm : the other, of Territory, or Lands, Advocati Soli.

The former were nominated by the King, and were ufually Lawyers, who undertook to plead the Caufes of the Monasteries.

The other, which flill fubfift, and are fometimes called by their primitive Name, Advowees, tho more ufually •pa- trons, were hereditary ; as being the Founders and Endow- ers of Churches, (gc. or their Heirs. See Patron.

In this Senfe, Women were fometimes Advocateffes, Ad- vccatiffce. — And, in efi'efl, the Canon Law mentions fome who had this Title, and who had the fame Right of Pre- sentation, g?c. in their Churches, which the Advowe es them- ielves had.

In a Stat. 25 Ed-w. III. we meet with Advowee Para- mount, for the Higheft Patron ; that is, the King. See Pa- ramount.

There were alfo Advowees of Countries, and 'Provinces. —In a Charter of the Year 1187, Hertbcld Duke of Zering- Ixn, is called Advowee of •Thureg ; and in the Noti'ia of the Selgic Churches, publifh'd by Minus, the Count of

Lovam is filled Count and Advowee of Brabant. In the

Xlth and Xllth Centuries, we alfo meet with the Ad- vowees of Alfatia, of Suahia, &c.

Raymond, de Agiles relates, that after the Recovery of Jerujalem from the Saracens, it being propofed to elcft a King thereof; the Biftiops pleaded, Nou debere ibi eligi Regem, ubi 'Heus paffus S? coronatus eft, &c. That " they " ought by no means to appoint a King, in a Place where " God had fuffer'd and been crown'd ; but mould content " themfelves with elefling an Advowee, or Advocate of the

" City, to take Care of the Garrifon, iSc." In effefl,

2>odecbin, a German Abbot, who wrote a Voyage to the Holy Land in the Xllth Century, calls Godfrey of Sulloign, Advowee of the Holy Sepulchre.

ADVOWSON, or Advowzen, Advouerie, Advocatia, or Advocatia, the Quality, or Office of an Advowee, or Ad- vocate, iSc. See Advowee, £j?c.

Advowson, or Advouzen, in Common Law, fignifies a Right to prefent to a Benefice. See Presentation

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Aut.iors a,e by no means agreed as to the Ufe of the retain d in a» Words, particularly Technical ones, borrowed from thofe Languages ; while others, from a Confiderarion that it u no proper Dipthong in our Language, its Sound being no other than that of the fimple e ; contend that it Ought to be entirely difufed, except in Words which retain their Latin and Greek form in every thing elfe.
 * 1) .— Some, oat of regard to Etymology, infill on its bein „

For our own parr, till the Point is a little better fettled we muft be contented to fleer a kind of middle, or neutral Courie ; conforming our lelves to Cuftora as nearly as may be, —Such Articles, therefore, as are omitted under JE, the Reader will rind under E.

JEfCEA, in Antiquity, folemn Feafts and Combats, ce- lebrated in JEgtna, in honour of JEactis ; who had been their King, an d who, on account of his Angular Juftice upon Earth, was fuppofed to have a Commiffion given him, to be one of the Judges in Hell. See Feast, f$c.

-ECHMALOTARCHA, in Antiquity, a Greek Term, fignitying, Chief or Leader of the Captives.

The Jews who refilled to follow Zonbbalcl, and return with him to Jerufalem, after the Sabvlonijb Captivity ; created an JEchmalotarcha, to govern them.— Not that the Jews themfelves call'd him by this Name, as fome Authors have afferted ; for rhat People fpoke Hebrew, or Cbaldee, not Greek. But Origen, and others, who wrote in the Greek. Tongue, render'd the Hebrew Name ni^J K>K"I Rofcb galtith, q. d. Chief of the Captivity, by a Greek Name of the like import, iUxfaKOTs-sx', fotm'd from ar/jMt^xTos, of amia, a Point or Pike, and apjyi, Command.

However, the Jews mufl have had Officers of this kind before the Return from Sabylou : Wittiefs the Hiftory of Sufannab ; the two Elders who condemn'd her, being JEch- malotarcha that Year.— The Jewiflj Writers affure us, that the JEchmalotarcha were only to be chofen out of the Tribe of Judab.

jEDES, in Antiquity, an inferior kind of Temple, diflin- guifhed by this, that it was not confecrated by the Augurs. See Temple, Augur, £j?c.

Such was the JErarium, or Treafury ; called JEdes Sa- turni. See jErarhim.

JEDIL1S, Edile, in Antiquity. See Edile.

jEGILOPS, a Tumor, or rather Ulcer, in the great Can- thus or Angle of the Eye, by the Root of the Nofe ; ei-

fn this Senfe, the Word imports a~s much as" Jmjatrona- f^V^' With ° Ut "" laflamma,ion - See E ™> T ™°*.

The Word, in its original Greek, *VW, fignifies a Goat's Eye ; in regard, Goats are fuppofed extremely liable to this Difiemper.

If the JEgilops be neglefled, it burfts, and degenerates '"- to a Fiftula, which eats into the Bone.

tits

The Reafon of the Name Advowfon, Advocatio, is, that antiently. thofe who had a Right to prefent to a Church, were Maintainers of it, or great Benefactors to it ; and were fometimes called Patroni, and fometimes Advocati, or Ad- vowees. See Advocate, ££?c.

In the general, an Advowfon is where a Biftlop, Dean, or Chapter, and their Succeffors, or any Lay Patron, have a Right to prefent whom they plcafe to any fpiritual Benefice, when it becomes void. See Vacancy and Benefice, &c.

This Advowfon is of two Kinds. — Advowfon in grofs, that is, not immediately reflrained, or adhering to any Ma- nor, as Parcel thereof.

And Advowfon appendant, which depends on a Manor, as appurtenant to it : This Kitchin calls an Incident, which may be feparated from its Subjefl.

Add, that as the Builders and Endowers of a Church were the Patrons of it ; fo thofe who founded any Religious Houfe, had the Advowfon or Patronage of it.

Som'edmes the Patron had the fole Nomination of the Prelate, Abbot, or Prior ; either by Inveftiture, (or Delivery of a Paftoral Staff) or by direft Prefentation to the Dioce- fan : And if a free Elcflion was left to the Religious, yet a Conge d'Elire, or Licence of Elcflion, was firft to be ob- tain'd of the Patron, and the Perfon eiefled was confirm 'd by him.

If the Founder's Family was extinfl, the Patronage of the Convent went to the Lord of rhe Manor

ADVOWTRY. See Adultery.

ADUST, Adustus, is applied, among Phyficians, Sgc. to fuch Humours, as by long Heat become of a hot and fiery Nature. See Humour.

Such is Choler fuppofed to be.— Melancholy is ufually confidcr'd as black and aduft Bile. See Choler, Melan- choly, ££?£. *

Aduft Blood, fays Slanchard, is, when by reafon of ex- traordinary Heat, its more fubtile Parts are all evaporated, leaving the grofl'er, with all the Impurities therein, half tor- rify d, as it were. See Blood.

The Word is form'd of the Latin aduro, I burn.

ADYTUM, AA/rw, a fecret or retit'd Place in the Pagan 1 emples where Oracles were given, and into which none but the Pnefts were admitted. See Temple, Oracle, &c

.v..r °? m " f P'P ,hon S. °' double Vowel, borrow'd from the. GieeksznA Latins. See Dip thong.

. See Fistula.

Authors frequently ufe JEgylops, Anchylops, and Fiftula Lachrymalis promifcuoufly : But the more accurate, after JEgineta, make a difference.— The Tumor, ere it becomes ulcerous, is properly called Anchylops ; and after it has ren- der'd the Os Lachrymale carious, Fiftula Lachrymalis. See Anchylops, ££?c.

If the JEgilops be accompanied with an Inflammation; it takes its Rife from the Abundance of Blood, which the too great Plenitude difcharges upon the Corner of the Eye. — If it be without an Inflammation, it is fuppofed to proceed from a vifcous pituitous Humour, thrown upon this Part.

.EGIPAN, in Antiquity, a Denomination given to 'Pan, and the Panes. See Panes.

The Word is compounded of aif, tuym, Goat ; as be- ing reprefented with the Horns, Legs, Feet, ££?c. of that Animal.

The Antients alfo gave the Name JEgipans to a fort of Monftcrs mention'd by 'Pliny, Solmns, and Porn. Mela, L. I. c. 8. — Salmafius, in his Notes on Solium, takes JEgi- pan to have fignified the fame in Lybia with Sylvanus among the Romans. See Sylvan.

Vojjius rejefls the Opinion, and fliews, that the JE.gipans had not Faces like Men, as the Sylvans had ; but like Goats. In effefl, the whole upper Part of the Body refem- bled that Animal ; and as to the lower, they painted it with a Fifties Tail. The Monflc'r reprefented on fome Medals of Auguftus, by Antiquaries called Capricomus ; appears to be the true Mgipan.

JEGYPTIACUM, in Pharmacy, a kind of deterfive Un- guenr ; fo called from its dulky Hue or Colour, which re- fcmbles the fwarthy Complexion of the Egyptians. See Detersive, and Unguent.

It is compofed of Verdigreafe, Vinegar, and Honey, boil'd to a Confluence.

The Prefcription is Mefue's. — It is chiefly ufed for eating off rotten Flcfh, and cleanfing foul Ulcers ; particularly Ve- nereal ones in the Throat, ifc. It alfo defiroys thofe cance- rous Erofions apt to grow in Childrens Mouths.

./ENIGMA. See Enigma.

jEOLIC,