Page:Cyclopaedia, Chambers - Volume 1.djvu/838

 FRA

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FRA

That if the Matter be oblig'd to refit his Veffel during the Voyage, the Merchant flmll wait ; or elfe pay the whole Fraight: It the Veffei could not be refitted, the Mafter is oblig'd to hire another immediately ; otherwife only to be pay'd his Fraight in proportion to the Part of the Voyare perform d (tho\ in cafe the Merchant prove that the Vef- fel at the time it fet fail, was not capable of the Vovage, the Mailer mutt loofe his Fraight, and account for Damages to the Merchant. °

That Fraight ftiall be paid for Merchandizes which the Mafter was obl.g d to fell for Vifluals, or refitting, or other ncceffary Occasions ■ paying for the Goods at the Rate the reft were lold at, where they were landed.

That in cafe of a Prohibition of Commerce with the Country whither the Veffel is bound, fo that it is ob- lig'd to be brought back again ; the Matter ftiall only be paid Fraight for going.

And if a Ship be ttop'd or detain'd in its Voyage, by an Embargo by order of the Prince ; there ftiall neither be any Fraight paid for the Time of the Detention, in cafe it be hired per Month : Nor ftiall the Fraight be increas'd, it hired for the Voyage; but the Pay, and ViSualsofthe Sailors during the Detention, ftiall be deem'd Average.

That the Mafter ftiall take no Fraight for any Goods loft by Shipwreck, plunder'd by Pyrates, or taken by the Ene- my ; unlefs the Ship and Goods be redeem 'd ; in which cafe he ftiall be paid his Fraight to the Place where he was taken ; upon contributing to the Redemption.

That the Mafter ftiall be paid his Fraight for the Goods fav'd from Shipwreck ; and in cafe he can't get a Veffel to carry them unto the Place where they were bound, that he ftiall be paid in Proportion to the Part of the Voyage already gone.

That the Mafter may not detain any Merchandize in his Veffel, in default of Payment of Fraight ; tho' he may or- der them to be feiz'd any time, or any where afterwards. That if Merchandizes in Cafks, as Wines, Oils, (gc. have fo run out in Carriage, that the Veffels are left empty; or al- moft empty, the Merchant may relinquifh them, and the Mafter be oblig'd to take them for their Fraight ; though this does not hold of any other Goods damag'd, or dimi- nifh'd of themfelves, or thro' Accidents.

The Word Fraight is form'd of the French Fret, figni- fying the fame thing; and Fret, of Fretum, an Arm of the Sea ; tho' others chufe to derive it from the German Fracht, or the Flemifti Vracht, fignifying Carriage.

Fraight is alfo a Duty of 50 Sols perTvm, paid to the Crown of France by the Captains and Mafters of all foreign Veffels at their Entrance and coming out of the Ports and Havens of that Kingdom. And note, that all Veffels not built in France, however they may belong to the Subjeas of Trance, are reputed Foreigners, and fubjeft to this Impoft • unlefs it be made appear, that two Thirds of the Ship's Crew are French.

By the 1 i ,h Article of the Treaty of Commerce concluded at Utrecht between England and France, this Duty of 50 Sals fer Tun ftiould be remitted the Engliflo ; and at the fame time the Duty of 5 s. Sterling fhould be fupprefs'd in favour of the French : But the Execution of that Article, as well as the Tariff fettled between the two Nations, has been fufpended. The Dutch however and the Hans 'toixns are exempted from the Duty of Fret.

Fraight is alfo the Burthen, or Lading of a Ship; or the Burthen of Goods, £5^. ftie has onboard. See Burthen.

FRAIL, a Baikctof Ruflies; or fuch like Materials, to pack up Figs, Raifins, ££?c.

It is alfo a certain Quantity of Raifins, of about 7 5 Pounds.

FRAISE, in Fortification, a kind of Defence, confifting of pointed Stakes, driven parallel to the Horizon, into the Retrenchments of a Camp, a Half Moon, or the like; to fend off and prevent any Approach or Scalade.

Fraifes differ from Paliffades chiefly in this, that the latter ftand pependicular to the Horizon ; and the former jet out parallel to the Horizon. See Palissade.

Fraifes are chiefly us'd in Retrenchments, and other Works, thrown up of Earth : Sometimes they are found un- der the Parapet of a Rampart; ferving inftead of the Cor- don of Stone, us'd in Stone Works.

He fortified all the weak Places of his Camp with

Fraifes and Paliffades.- All the Outworks of the Place

were frais'd and paliiTaded.

Fraising of a Satallion, is the lining of the Mufque- teers all around with Pikes ; in cafe of their being charg'd I by a Body of Horfe.

FRAME, in Joinery, tSe. a kind of Cafe, wherein a thing is fet, or incios'd, or even fupported ; as a Window Frame, Frame of a Picture, of a Table, &c. See Window, &c.

The Frame is alfo a Machine, us'd in divers Arts. The Printers Frame is more ufually call'd Chafe. See Chase.

The Founders Frame is a kind of Ledge, inclofing a Board ; which being fill'd with Sand, ferves as a Mould to caft their Work in. See Fovncerv, and Mould.

Fr ame is particularly us'd for a Sort of Loom, whereon' they ftretch their Linens, Silks, Stuffs, (g e . to be embroid- er d, quilted, (Sjc. SeeEMBRoiDERy,TAtESTRY Work &c.' Frame, among Painters, S?c. is a kind of a Chaffy' or Square, compos'd of four long Pieces, or Slips of Wood, join'd together ; the intermediate Space whereof is divided by little Strings or Threads into a great Number of little Squares, like the Mafties of a Net; and for that reafon fometimes call'd Reticula.

Its Ufe is in the reducing of Figures from great to fihalK or from fmall to great. See Reduction.

Framing of a Houfe, is all the Timber Work therein ■' viz. the Carcafe, Flooring, 'Partitioning, Roofinv Cieimi Seams, Jfhlering, &c. See Carcase, Partition ,' Roof, Floor, f$c.

FRAMPOLE Fences are fuch Fences as any Tenant in the Manor of Writtel in Effex hath againft the Lords De- means ; whereby he hath the Wood growing on the Fence; and as many Trees or Poles as he can reach from the Top of the Ditch with the Helve of his Ax ; toward the Repai'r of his Fence. _ The late Chief Juftice Braml'ton, whilft Steward of this Court, acknowledged he could not find out the Realon, why thefe Fences were call'd Frampole.

It may come from the Saxon Fremful, profitable; or may be a Corruption of Fran-fete, becanfe the'Poles are free for the Tenant to take.

FRANCHISE, a Privilege, or Exemption from the or- dinary Jurifdiflion ; or an Aiylum, or Sanctuary, where People are fecure of their Perfons, igc. See Asyi'um.

Churches and Monafteries in Spain are Franchifes for Criminals : So were they antiently in England- till they were' abus d to luch a degree, that there was a Neceffitv lor abo- Iiftnng them. See Sanctuary.

One of the moft remarkable Capitularies made by Charle- mam, in his Palace of Hcriftal, in 119, was that relating- to the Franchijes ot Churches.

The Right of Franchifes was held fo facre'd, that even" the lefs religious Kings obferv'd it to a degree of Scrupu- loulnels : But to luch Excefs in time was it carried that Charlemaign rcfolv'd to bring it down. Accordingly he for- bid any Provifion being carried to Criminals retir'd into Churches for Refuge. See Refuge.

Franchise is alfo us'd for an Immunity from the ordi- nary Tributes and Taxes.

This is either Real, or Perfonal ; that is, either belong-' itig immediately to the Perfon ; or elfe by means of this or that Place, or Office of Immunity.

Franchise Royal, is a Place where the Kinn's Writ runs not; as at Chefter, and Durham: And antiently at Tyndal and Examflnre in Northumberland. See Sac.

Franchise of ghiarters, is a certain Space, or Diflria at Rome, wherein are the Houfes of the Embaffsdors of the Princes of Europe ; and where fuch as retire, cannot be arretted or feiz'd by the Sbirri, or Sergeants, nor profecuted at Law. L

The People o( Rome look on this as an old Ufurpation and a icandalous Privilege, which Embaffadors, out of a Tea- loufy of their Power, carried to a great length in the XV" Century, by enlarging infenfibly the Dependances of their Palaces or Houfes, within which the Right of Afylum was antiently confinci Several of the Popes, Julius III. 'Piui XIV. Gregory > XIII. and \S.xtus V. publifh'd Bulls and Or- dinances againft this Abufe ; which had refcued lb consider- able a Part of the City from their Authority, and render'* it a Retreat for the moft Abandoned

At length Innocent XI. exprefly refuted to receive anymore Embaffadors but fuch as would make a formal Renunciation

ffiMCHlflKftT- See *!«*»»&"» 'Place. FKAISCHISLNG, lee Enfranchise, and Manumis-

FRANCIGENA, or Frenchman, in our antient Cu- ftoms, was a general Appellation of all Foreigners, i. e. all Perfons who could not prove themfelves En?lifh m an. See Englecery.

FRANGIPANE, an exquifite kind of Perfume fre- quently given to the Leather whereof Gloves, Purfes/Baos, £pc- are made. > 5 »

It takes its Name from a Roman Nobleman, of the an- tient family of Frangipam ; who was the Inventor thereof. I tiere is alio a kind of perfum'd Liquor of the fame De- nomination, faid to have been invented by a Grandfon of Mutto Frangifani- and a perfum'd kind of Ros Soils, call'd y d 4 e Name - Sec Ros Solis. FRANK, or Franc, aTerm literally fignifying free, open and fincere, exempt from publick Impositions and Charges' as Frank Confeflion, Frank Fair, Frank Letter, t$c. See Free.

The Term Frank is much us'd in our antient Cuftoms and Tenures; where it receives various particular Modifica- tions and Meanings, according to the Words it is combined with, as

Frank.