Page:Cyclopaedia, Chambers - Volume 1.djvu/835

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FRA

lated, or even back'd, is adorn'd 'yt/hh one" or more Statue?, by way of finishing, or crowning : As fhc Fountain o£ La- toita at Verfaillcs ; and that of the Shepherd at Caprarola. There are alfo Statute, which fpout forth Water at fome of their Parts ; or at Sea Shells, Vafes, Urns, and other At- tributes of the Sea.

Ruflic Fountain, is that form'd, or enrich'd with Rock- work, Shell-work, Petrifactions, &c.

Satiric Fountain, a kind of Ruflic Fountain, in manner of a Grotto j adorn'd with Termini, Mafcaroons, Fauns, Syivans, Bacchantes, and other Satirical Figures, ferving for Ornaments as well as Jets d'Eau.

Marine Fountain, that compos'd of Aquatic Figures, as Sea Divinities, Naiads, Tritons, Rivers, Dolphins, and other Fifties, and Shells. As the Fountain of the Place Tale- jlrina at Ronie - where a Shell fupportcd by four Dolphins, ferves as a Cup, and fupports a Triton, that fpouts Water out of his Concha Marina.

Naval Fountain, is that made in form of a Veffel. Such is that of the Place d'Efpagne at Paris, reprefenting a & ark : That at Monte-CflvallOy reprefenting a Galley ; or that be- fore the Vineyard Mattel at Rome, refembling a Boat.

Symbolical Fountain, that where the principal Orna- ments are the Attributes, Arms, or Cognizances of the Pcr- fon who erected it. A3 the Fountain of St. 'Peter in Mon- torio, refembling a Cattle flank'd with Towers j and Dou~ jons, representing the Arms of Cafiile : And fome other Foun tains at Rome ; among which are the Flotver-de-Lis, and the Dove, the Bearings of the Family of Pope ^no- cent X.

Arcb'd Fountain, that whofe Bafon and Jet are plac'd perpendicularly under an Arch. Such are the Fountains of the Colonnade, and Triumphal Water Arch at Verfailles. —

Fountain IP??/, is a fort of Pen, contriv'd to contain a great Quantity of Ink, and let it flow by gentle Degrees; fo as to fupply the Wrjter a long time, without a Neceflity of taking fre/h Ink.

The Fountain Pen, reprefented Tab. Mifcellany, Fig.. coniifts of divers Pieces F G H of Brafs, Silver, £«fc. where- of the middle Piece F carries the Pen, which is fcrew'd into the Infide of a little Pipe ; which again is folder'd to another Pipe, of the fame Bignefs, as the Lid G ; in which Lid is folder'd a Male Screw, for fcrewingon the Cover- as alfo for flopping a little Hole at the Place, and hindering the Jnk from paffing thro' it. At the other End of the Piece F is a little Pipe, on the Outfide whereof the Top Cover H may be fcrew'd. In the Cover there goes a Port Crajon, to be fcrew'd into the laft mention'd Pipe, in order to flop the End of the Pipe, into which the Ink is to be pour'd by a Funnel.

To ufe the Pen, the Cover G mutt be taken off, and the Pen a little ftiaken, to make the Ink run more freely.

FOURCHEE, or Fourchy, in He-

aid r

A Crofs Foztrcbee istha

irked

at the Ends. See Cross.

Upton rather reprefents it as Anchor 'd y the Extremities turning in a circular manner to /harp Points ; whereas the true Crofs Fourchee, i. e. forked, has its Forks compos'd of flraitLines, and blunt Ends.

FOURCHER, an antient Law Term, fignifying a putting off, prolonging, or delaying an Action.

As by Hammering we draw out our Speech, not delivering that we have to fay, in ordinary time, fo by fourcbing we prolong a Suir, that might be ended in a morter Space. In Wejlm. I. cap. 42. we have thefe Words : Coparceners and Jointenants mall no more fourch, but only mall have one £floyn,fiy<7. And Anno<S_E^. i.eap. 10. it is us'd in the fame Senfe; The Defendants IhaJI be put to Anfwer without fourchivg, &c. In the Latin 'tis called furcare, and is us'd, Where a Man, and his Wife, or each of them caft a Effoin. 'Tis called furcare, becaufe 'tis twofold. Caveat vir p mulier implacitati, quod femper in Effonio altcrius alter compareat, quamdiu furcare fofjint ; & cum ultra non foffint, concurrant coram Effbnia in fuis loch : Alter autem earum tant-um unum Effbnium de malo letli habere fc- tefl. Hengham Magj cap. 9.

FOURTH, inMufick, one of the Harmonic Interval?, or Concords. See Concord. I

The Fonrthy is the Fourth, in order, of the Concords. It confiffs in the Mixture of two Sounds, which are in the Ratio of 4 to 3 $ f. e. of Sounds produe'd by Chords, whofe Lengths are to each other as 4: 3. See Chord, and In- terval.

'Tis calfd Fourth } becaufe containing four Terms, or Sounds between its Extremes ; and three Degrees : Or, as being the fourth in the Order of the Natural Scale from the Fundamental. See Degree, and Fundamental.

The Antients call the Fourth, Diatejfaron, and fpeak of it as the firifc and principal of all Concords; and yet the

Moderns find it one of the mofl imperfect. 'T 1 is fo very barren, and jejune, that it affords nothing good, either by Multiplication, or Divifion. See Diatejsaeon.

The Redundant Fourth is a Difcord compos'd of the Ratio's of 27 to 20; and of 4 to 5. See Discord.

FOUTGELD, or Foot-geld, antiently denoted an A- merciament, for not cutting out the Balls of great Dogs Feet, in the Foreft. SeeExrEDiTATE.

To be quit of Fomgeld, is a Privilege to keep Dogs with- in the Foreft, unlawed, without Puni/hment, or Controul.

FOWL, in its general Senfe, is of equal import with mird. See Bird.

Fowl, is in a more peculiar manner underflood of 'PouU try; or the larger fort of Birds, both Domeftic, and Wild; either bred up, or hunted for the Table. Such are Tur- keys, Geefe, Cocks, Hens, and Ducks, both wild and tame; Pheafants, Partridges, Pidgeons, Snipes, £ffc. See Poultry. T'ame Fowl, are a ncceflary Part of the Stock ofa Coun- try Farm ; and yield considerable Service and Profit by their Eggs, 'Broody Feathers, Dung, &c.

They may be kept at a very eafy Expence near any High- way fide; as being able to Ihift for themfelves ihegreateffc Part of the Year, by their feed ng on Infefts, Worms, Snails, Gleaning, or almoft any thing eatable.

The eidefl Hens are always the beft for fitting; and the youngeft for laying ; But no fort will be good lor either, if kept too fat.

The beft Age to fet a Hen for Chickens, is from two Years old to five; and the mofl proper Month to fet theni in, is February-. Tho' it may be done to good purpofe any time between that and Michaelmas. One Cock will ferve ten Hens : A Hen fits twenty Days ; whereas Geefe, Ducks, Turkeys, fit thirty.

Buckwheat, or French Wheat, or Hemp-feed, 'tis faid, make them lay fafler than any other Food : And the fame Buckwheat, either whole, or ground, and made into aPafte, fats them apace ; tho' the common Food for that purpofe is Barley-meal, or Wheat-flower, foak'd in Milk, or Water, made into a Pafte, and cram'd down their Throats twice a day, till they will hold no more. A Goofe will will fcarce fit on any, but her own Eggs: A Hen, indifferently on all„|

The lighteft colour'd Geefe are the beft : And thofe that begin to lay the fboneft ; as they have a Chance of hatching. twice in one Year. They begin to lay in the Spring ■ and lay 12 or 16 Eggs. Green Geefe are begun to be tatten'd at a Month old ; and will be fat in a Month more. Old Geefe are chiefly fatten'd at fix Months old, in, or after the Harveft. A wild Goofe, if red footed, is old, and har- ry; but if white footed, and not harry, /lie is young.

When the Eggs are fet under a Hen, or other .Feu*/, 'tis neceffary to mark the upper fides thereof; and when me goes to feed, to note whether /he minds to turn them upfide down, or -not; that, if flie neglect that Office, it may be done for her. See Egg, Feather, &c.

FOWLING,the Aft, or Art of catching Birds with Nets, Birdlime, Decoys, and other Devices ; as al.o of breeding up the fame. See Fowl, Net, and Birdlime.

Fowling is alfous'dfor the purfuing, and taking of Birds with Hawks, Falkons, and other Birds of Prey; more pro- perly calfd Falconry. See Falconry.

Fowling 'Piece, a portable Fire Arm for the /hooting of Birds. See Fire Arm.

Of Fowling Pieces, thofe are reputed the beft, whicht have the longeft Barrel, viz. from 5? Foot, to 6 ; with an indifferent Bore, under Harquebufs : Tho' for different Oc- cafions they ftiou'd be of different Sorts, and Sizes. But in. all, 'tis effential the Barrel be well poliih'd and fmooth with-, in ; and the Bore all ofa Bignefs, from one End to another; which may be prov'd by thrufting in a piece of Wood, cut exaftly to the Bore of the Muzzle, down to the Touch-hole. VOX. Hunting, fee Fox Hunting. FRACTION, in Arithmetic, a Part, or Divifion of an Unite, or Integer : Or, a Number which ftands in the re- lation to an Unite, a Part to its Whole.

The Word literally imports a Srokeiz Number. See Number.

Fractions are ufually divided into Decimal, Sexagefz- mat> and Vulgar: — ■ —

For 'Decimal, and Sexagesimal Fractions, iee Deci- mal, and Sexagesimal Fractions. , Vulgar Fractions, called alfo Simple Fractions-, are al- ways exprefs'd by two Numbers, the one wrote over the other, with a Line between them.

The lower, call'd the Denominator of the Fraction, de- ■ notes the Unite, or Whole, that is divided into Parts; and the upper, called the Numerator of the Fraction, expreffes the Parts given in the prefentCafe. See Numerator, &c. Thus, two third Parts of a Line, or other Thing, are wrote f. Where the Denominator 3 /hews, that the whole Line is fuppos'd to be divided into three equal Parts; and the Numerator 2 indicates or affigns two of fuch Parts.