Page:Cyclopaedia, Chambers - Volume 1.djvu/830

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In Come Places they found the Peers of Bridges, and other us 'd in the Moulds. Every time they would ufe tHii Sand Buildings near the Water, on Sacks of Wool, laid like Ma- they work and tew it feveral times over in a Board about trades ; which being well prefs'd, and grOafy, will never a Foot fquare, plac'd over a kind of Trunk or Box into give way, nor rot in Water. ^ ^ „„,,.„ . _. which it may fell from off the Board. This Tewing is per.

form'd with a Roller, or Cylinder, about two Foot long, and two Inches in Diameter ; and a kind of Knife, made of the Blade of a Sword : With thefe two Inftruments they al- ternatively roll and cut the Saiid, and at length turn ic down into the Box under neath.

Foundation is alio us'd for the Eftablilhraent of a City, or Empire.

The Romans reckon'd their Tears feim the Foundation of Rome, Jib Urbe Condita 5 which we f< jm'etimes exprefs by at U. C. Chronologers make 479 Years from the paffing out of Egypt, to the Foundation of Rome. See Epociia.

Foundation is alfo a Donation, or Legacy, either in

Then, taking a wooden Board, or Table, of a Length and Breadth proportional to the Quantity of Things to be

Money, or Lands for the Maintenance and Support of fome call; round this they put a Frame, or Ledge, and thus Community, Holpital, School, Lecture, or other work of make a fort of Mould. T

Piety. See School, Hospital, College, &c.

Among the Order of Atiguftias, there is a Foundation for

The Mould they fill with the SanrJ

before prepar'd, and a little moiflen'd. This done, they

take wooden, or metalline Models, or Patterns of the Things

the marrying of poor Maids; and another for the furniih- intended to be caft; apply them on the Mould, and prefs

ing of Truffes to poor People, who have Ruptures, or Her- them down into theSand, foas to leave their Form indented.

nias.— _ Along the Middle of the Mould is laid half a little Cylinder

FOUNDER, He who lays a Foundation ; or who founds of Brafs, which is to be the Matter Jet, or Canal for run-

and endows a Church, School, Religious Houfc, or other ning the Metal ; being fo difpos'd as to' touch the Ledoe at

Work of Charity and Piety. See Foundation. one Side, and only to reach to the laft Pattern on the other.

The Founders of Churches may prelerve to themfelves From this are plac'd feveral lefler Jets, or Branches, reach -

the Right of Patronage, or Prefentation to the Living. See ing to each Pattern, whereby the Metal is convey 'd thro'

Patronage. the whole Frame.

Founder, is alfoan Artifl that melts, or calls Metals into

arious Forms, for divers Ufes ; as Guns, Bells, Statues,

This firlt Frame thus finim'd, they turn it upfide down,

to take out the Patterns from the Sand: In order to which

Bombs, Types or Printing Characters, and other fmall Works, they firft loofen them a little all round, with a fmall cutting

as Candleflicks, Bitts, Buckles, &c,

The Word is form'd of the French fondre, to melt, or fufe. In the Roman Law they are call'd Flamarii.

From the different Productions, or Works of the Founders, they are differently denominated, ^Founders of fmall Work,

Inftrument.

After the fame manner they proceed to work the Coun- ter Part, or other Half of the Mould, with the fame Pat- terns, in a Frame exactly like the lormer ; excepting that it has Pins, which cntring Holes, correfponding thereto in the

Sell Founders ; Gun Founders ; Letter Founders ; and even ot her, make, that when the two are join'd together, the two

Carvers, or Statuaries.

What belongs to each, fee under the Article Foundry.

Founder, in the Sea Language 5 A Ship is faid to foun- der at Sea, when by an extraordinary Leak, or by a great Sea breaking in upon her, file is fo filled with Water, that fhe cannot be freed of it 5 nor is fhe able to fwim under it, but finks with the Weight thereof.— —

Foundering, in the Manage, a Diforder in Horfes, where- of there are two Kinds, viz* in the Feet, and in the Cheji.

Foundering in the Feet, arifes from hard Riding, fore Labour, great Heats, fudden Colds, &c. which inflame the Blood, melt the Greafe, and make it defcend downward to the Feet, and there fettle ; which caufes fuch a Numbnefs, and pricking in the Hoof, that the Horfe has no Senfe or Feeling thereof, being hardly able to Aand; or when he does, fhaking and trembling, as if he had an Ague.

A Horfe may likewife be foundred by wearing Araight out of the Crucible

Cavities of the Pattern fall exadly on each other.

The Frame thus moulded, is carried to the Founder, or Melter, who after enlarging the principal Jet, or Canal of the Counterpart, with a kind of Knife, and adding the Crofs Jets, or Canals to the feveral Patterns in both, and fprinkling them over with Mill Dufl, fets them to dry in a Furnace.

When both Parts of the Mould are fufficicntly dry'd, they join them together, by means of the Pins ; and to prevent their ftarting or flipping afide by the Force of the Metal, which is to come in flaming hot thro' a Hole con- triv'd at the Matter Jet, they lock them in a kind of Prefs, either with Screws 5 or, if the Mould be too big, with Wedges.

The Moulds thus put in Prefs, are rang'd near the Fur-, nace, to be in Readincfs, to receive the Metal as it comes

Shoes, and travelling upon hard Ground.

It may be known when he is foundered on his Forefeet, and not his Hindfeet, by his treading only on his Hindfeet, and fparing the other; or his going crouching and crippling on his Buttocks.

Sometimes, tho' rarely, he is foundered on his Hindfeet, and not his Fore ; which is known by his feeming weak be- hind, and refting as much as poflible on the Forefeet.

The general Methods of curing this Diflemper, are firft by paring all the Horfe's Soles, fo thin that the Quick may be feen ; then bleeding him well at every Toe 5 flopping the Vein with Tallow and Rofin ; and having tack'd hol- low Shoes on his Feet, flopping them with Bran, Tar, and Tallow, as boiling hot as may be 3 which is to be renew'd once in two Days, for a Week together ; after which he is to have good Excrcife.

Or, after he is pared thin, and let Blood at the Toes, his Feet are to be ftop'd with Cows Dung, Kitchen Fee Tar,

While the Moulds are thus preparing, the Metal is put in Fufion in an earthen Crucible, about ten Inches high, and four in Diameter.

The Furnace wherein the Fufion is made, is much like the Smith's Forge ; having like that a Chimney, to carry off the Smoak ; a pair of Bellows, to blow up the Fire ; and a Maflive, or Hearth, where the Fire is made, and the Crucible plac'd. J Tis the Ufe of this MavTive, that chiefly dill ingui fries the Furnace from the Forge. See Forge.

In the Middle thereof is a fquare Cavity, ten or twelve Inches wide, which goes to the very Bottom. It is divided into two, by an iron Grate: The upper Partition ferves to hold the Crucible and the Fewel ; and the lower, to re- ceive the Afhes.

When the Fewel, which is to be of dry Wood, is pretty well lighted, they put the Crucible full of Metal in the Mid- dle, and cover it with an earthen Lid : And to increafe the Force of the Fire, befide blowing it up with the Bellows,

and Soot boil'd together, and pour'd boiling hot into them, they lay a Tile over part of the Aperture or Cavity of the

Foundering in the %ody, befals a Horfe by eating too Furnace,

much Provender fuddenly, when too hot ; as alfo by drink- The Metal being brought to a Fluor, they fill the Cru-

ing too much upon travelling, when he is hot, and riding cible with pieces of Brafs, beaten in a Mortar. To put them

him after it. _ in, they make ufe of a kind of iron Ladle, with a long

The Effecl of which, is, that his Body is opprefs'd with Shank at the End thereof, form'd into a kind of hollow Cy-

ill Humors, which take away his Strength, and put him in Under, out of which the Ball is drop'd.

fuch Condition, that he can neither go, nor bow his Joints; Nothing, now, remains, but for the Founder to take the

and being once laid, cannot rife again, &c. His Legs fwell; Crucible out of the Fire, and carry it in a Pair of iron

and foon after begin to peel: He has a dry Cough, which Tongues (whofe Feet are bent, the better to embrace the

makes his Eyes water; his Nofe runs with white phlegma- Top of the Crucible) to the Mould : Into which he pours

tic Matter, &c. it, through the Hole anfwering to the Matter Jet of each

FOUNDRY, or Foundery, the Art of melting and Mould.

cafting all forts of Metals, particularly Brafs, Iron, Bell Metal, $fc. See Metal, Fusion, &c.

TheWord is alfo us'd for a Place, or Work-houfe,furnifh'd with Furnaces, or Forges for this Purpofe. Sec Furnace.

Foundry of Small Works, or the Manner of Cafling in Sand.

The Sand us'd by the Founders, in cafling of Brafs, &c. is ycllowifh, pretty fo ft, and grea 1 )'; but after it has been us'd, becomes quite b^ck, by reafon of the Charcoal Dutt

Thus he goes fucceffively from one to another, till bis Crucible is emptied, or there is not Matter enough left for another Mould.

Then, cafling cold Water on the Moulds ; they take the Frames out of the PrefTes, and the CafVworks out of the Sand, which they work again for another Cafling. Laftly, they cut off the Jets, and fell, or deliver the Work to thofe who befpoke it, without any further repairing.

Foun-