Page:Cyclopaedia, Chambers - Volume 1.djvu/825

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FORMe, or Formy, in Heraldry. A Crofs Forme, or Formy, is a Crofs narrow in the Centre, and broad at the Extremes ; fo call'd by Leigh, and Morgan ; though moft other Authors call it'Patee. See Patee.

FORMED, or Figured Stones, among Naturalifts, are fuch Bodies, as being either pure Stone, Flint, or Spar, are found in the Earth, \a form'd as that they bear a near Re- femblance to the external Figure of Mufcles, Cockles, Oi- fters, and other Shells, or Plants.

Authors are greatly divided as to their Origin : The fe- veral Opinions fee under Fossil, Shell, Stone Plant, Spar, £?c.

Formed, in Heraldry, fee Seated.

FORMEDON, in Law, a Writ which lies for him who has Right to Lands, or Tenements, by virtue of any Intail, arifing from the Statute of IVeflm. 2. c.i.

There are three Kinds, viz. Forma Z)onationis, or For- medon, in the fDefcender ; Formedon in the Reverter ; and Formedon in the Remainder.

Formedon in the tDefcender, lies for the Recovery of Land?, &c. given to one and the Heirs of his Body ; or to a Man and his Wife, and the Heirs of their two Bodies ; or to a Man, and his Wife, being Coufin to the Donor, in Frak Marriage, and afterwards alienated by the Donee.

After his Deceafe, his Heir Ihall have this Writ againft the Tenant, or Alienee.

Fitz. Nat.Sr. fo/. 211.&C, makes three forts of Forme- don in the Defcender : The firft is that now exprefs'd : The fecond, for the Heir of a Coparcenor, that aliens, and dies : The third he calls, Injimnl tenuit ; which lies for a Coparce- nor, or Heir in Gavel-kind, before Partition againil him, to whom the other Coparcenor or Heir has alienated, and is dead.

Formedon in the Reverter, lies for the Donor, or his Heirs (whole Land is entail'd to certain Perfons, and their Jffue, with condition, for want of fuch Iffue to revert to the Donor, and his Heirs) againft him to whom the Donee alie- nates after the Iffue extincl:, to which it was entail'd.

Formedon in the Remainder, lies where a Man gives -Land in Tail, the Remainder to another in Tail, and after- wards the former Tenant in Tail dies without Iffue, and a Stranger abates^ then he in Remainder iliall have this Writ.

FORMICA, literally fignifies an Ant, and is us'd to ex- prefs little Tumours, which appear like the Bites of thofe Creatures.

FORMING, is us'd for the Ail of giving Being, or Birth to any thing : Thus, GOD is faid to have form'd Man af- ter his own Image. Every thing generated, is form'd of ibmething corrupted. —

The Word is alfo fimply us'd for giving the Figure to any thing. The Potter forms his Veffels as he pleafes. Geo- metry teaches, how to form,, all kinds of Figures. —

Alio, for the producing of a thing : Thus, Thunder is formed of Exhalations : The Lines of his Face began to be form'd.

Forming of a Siege, is the making Lines of Circum- vallation, to fortify the Camp, and difpofing things for the Attack of a Place, inform. See Siege.

They alfo fay, to form a Squadron, or Battalion 5 mean- ing, to range the Soldiers in form of a Squadron, &c.

'The Term is alfo us'd in fpeaking of a Body of Forces ; which being out of any order of Squadrons, Battalions, &c. do halt, range themlelves into Order, and put themfelves in a Condition for the Attack. Affoon as the Enemy obferv'd this Motion, they began to form themfelves.

Forming, is alfo us'd in Grammar, in fpeaking of cer- tain Tenfes of Verbs, which are made from others, by a Change of certain Letters.

The Prefent Tenfe is formed from the Infinitive. Com- pound and Derivative Words, and even all that have any Etymology, are alfo faid to be form'd.

FORMS, in Hunting, the Seat of an Hare 5 or the Place or Time when and where me fquats.

FORMULA, a Rule, or Model: or certain Terms pre- fcrib'd, and decreed by Authority, for the Form and Man- ner of an Act, Inftrument, Proceeding, &C.

The Roman Law was full of Formula's. Divorces, Ad- options, Stipulations, £^c. were perform'd by certain Formu- la's, or in certain Terms.

Cnejus Flavhis publifh'd a Collection of the Formulas of bis Time 5 which were well received. The leaft Slip or Failure in any of the Terms of thefe Formula render'd the whole Tranfa£tion Null. The Formula's of Marculphus, with M. Tjignon's Comment, are in great Efteem.

Formula, in Church Hiftory, and Theology, is a For- mulary, or Profeflion of Faith.

The Council of Seleucia was diflblv'd by Leonas, the Emperor's Commiflary, as not able to bring them to fign the Formula.

Formula is particularly us'd for a little Form, or Pre- scription $ fuch as Phyficians direft in extemporaneous Pra-

ctice 5 in Distinction from the greater Forms, which are the Officinal Medicines. See Prescription.

FORMULARY, a Writing, containing the Form, or Formula of an Oath, Declaration, Atteftation, or Abjura- tion, &c. to be made on certain Occasions.

There are alfo Formularies of Devotion, of Prayers, ££<;. Liturgies are Formularies of the publick Service in moll Churches. See Liturgy.

FORNACALIA, or Fornicalia, a Feafl held among the antier.t Romans, in honour of the Goddefs Fornax, or Fornix, Furnace. See Feast.

It was folemniz'd with Sacrifices, perform'd before the Mouth of a Furnace, or Oven, wherein they dry'd their Corn, bak'd their Bread, &c.

The Fomacalia were moveable : The Grand Curio pro- claimed the time of Celebration every Year on the twelfth of the Calends of March.

They were firti inftituted by Numa. The Quirinalia were inflituted for the fake of fuch as had not kept the Fomaca- lia. See Quirinalia.

FORNICATION, Whoredom, the Aft, or Crime of Incontinency between fingle Perfons : For if either of the Parties be married, it becomes Adultery.

St. Thomas labours to prove fimple Fornication, contrary to the Law of Nature. See Concubine.

By the anrient Law of England, the firft Offence herein was punifh'd with three Months lmprifonment ; The fecond was made Felony, by an Aft in the time of the late Uiurpa- tion. See Whoredom-

Fornication is fometimes us'd as a Generkal Term, including all kinds of Offences againft ChaiUty.

Its Species are, i° Simple Fornication, which is that com- mitted with a Proftitute. z v caWdStnprum, is that committed with Perfons of Reputation and Sobriety. 3 That com- mitted with Relations, call'd Incejl. 4. That committed with married Perfons, Adultery. 5 That committed with Perfons confecrated to God, Sacrilege. 6° That committed between Perfons of the fame Sex, Sodomy. 7 That com- mitted by Perfons on themfelves, Mamifiupration. 8° That committed with Beafts, Sejiiality. See Adultery, In- cest, Sodomy, &c.

FORNIX, in Anatomy, the Extremity of the Corpus Callofum, next the Cerebellum; which is feparated or di- varicated into two Legs, forming a kind of Arch, or For- nix. See Corpus Callofum.

FORPRISE, in Law, an Exception, or Refervation : In which Senfe the Word is us'd in the Statute of Exon* 14 Ediv. i« but there written Horfeprife.

We flill ufe it in Conveyances and Leafes, wherein Ex- cepted and Foreprifed are iynonymous.

Forprise is alfo us'd for an ExacJwn : In which Senfe it is the fame with Forecapium.

Totum pratum, Sec. fine quacunqiie Forprifa in excam- h'mm pro placea dedit.

FORRAGF, Provifion for Cattle, of Hay, Oats, and Straw 5 particularly in War.

In Marching, Encamping, ££c. care muft be taken, that the Cavalry may find Forrage. To go to forrage: They were fent a-forraging. A Ration of Forrage is the Portion of Hay, Straw and Oats, allow'd each Horfeman, for the Sub- fittance of his Horfe one Day 5 which is 12 Pounds of Hay, as much Straw, and three Pecks of Oats. See Ration. .

Skinner derives the Word from foras agere, by reafon they go abroad to fcek Forrage : Others, from Far, which, antiently fignify'd any kind of Corn, or Grains : Menage? from Foderagium, of Foderum, or Fodrum, which the Ro- mans us'd in the fame Senfe. Cujas, and du Cange, derive it from the German Flitter, Horfe-meat : Vojfius^ from the German Fodcn, or voeden, to feed : Nicod, from Farrago 5 which literally fignifies what we call Forrage $ and figura- tively, a Mixture of divers kinds of Things. Hicks de- rives it from the Saxon Fodre, or the Engliih, Fodder, or the bafe Latin, Fodrum

FORSTAL, \ „ C Forestal.

FORSTALLING, J < Forestalling.

FORT, a little Cattle, orFortrefs; or a Place of fmali Extent, fortify 'd by Art, or Nature, or both. See Castle, and Fortress.

A Fort is a Work encompafs'd round with a Moat, Ram- part, and Parapet 5 to fecure fome high Ground, or Paffage of a River j to make good an advantageous Poft ; to fortify the Lines and Quarters of a Siege, &c.

Royal Fort is a Fort whofe Line of Defence is at leaft z6 Fathoms long. See Defence.

Star Fort, is a Sconce, or Redoubt, conftituted by re- entering and falient Angles 5 having commonly from five, to eight Points $ and the Sides flanking each other. See Sconce.

FieldVoRT, fee Fortin.

FORTERESSE, or Fortresse, a general Name for all fortify 'd Places, whether fo fortify 'd by Nature, or Art ; Such are fortify'd Towns, Cajlles, Cittadels, Forts, Towers, Re- doubts, Sconces* &.c.

FORTI-