Page:Cyclopaedia, Chambers - Volume 1.djvu/820

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FORDICIDIA, in Antiquity, a religious Feaft among the Romans, held on the thirteenth of ApriL

It was thus call'd from the Latin Foraa, a Cow big with Calf, and cxdo, I flay, or facrifice 5 by reafon Cows were herein facrificed to the Goddefs TeUus, or the Earth.

Forda, a Cow with Calf, is form'd, according to Ovid, from fero, I bear ; or rather, as Scaliger and Salmajius imagine, from the Greek tpo^, ipo^J, @-, fignifying the fame thing. Varro writes, that there were feveral of thefe Cows facrifie'd in the Curia. Zivy, and Halicarnajf<£its relate, that there was one in each Curia ; fo that there were thirty in all ; which is confirm'd by Ovid, Fajlor. L. IV. v. 6% 5.

The Fordicidia were firft inllituted by Numa, on occa- sion of a general Barrennefs among the Cattle : Ovid gives a particular Defcription of the Ceremony, in the Paffage firlt quoted : He adds, that part of thefe Cows were facri- fie'd in the Temple of Jupiter ; that is, in the Capitol.

HQBJL-Knight, in the Sea Language, a piece of Wood, carv'd in the Figure of a Man's Head, and fail bolted to the Beams upon the fecond Deck.

Fore Caftle of a Ship, is that Part where the Fore-malt, ftands : It is divided from the reft of the Floor by a Bulk-head ; that Part of the Fore Caftle which is aloft, and not in the Hold, is called the Prow.

Vo-R.-E.MaJl of a Ship, is a round large piece of Timber, feated in her Fore Part, on which is born the Fore Sail, and i^r^-Top-Sail Yards. See Mast.

Its Length is ufually \- of the Main Matt.

The Fore-Tbp~Afcft is half the Length of the Fore Matt, and the Fore-top-gallant Mall is half the Length of the i-'ortf- Top-Malt. See Gallant.

Foreland, orFoRENEss, in Navigation, a Point of Land jutting out into the Sea. See Cate.

Foreland, in Fortification, is a fmall Space of Ground between the Wall of a Place, and the Moat, call'd alfo Serme. See Berme.

Forelocks in a Ship, are little flat Wedges like pieces of Iron 5 us'd at the Ends of Bolts, to keep them from flying out of the Hales. See Bolts.

Fore Sail, the Sail of the Fore Malt. See Sail.

VoKE.-Jhorten, among Painters, $$c. See Shortening.

Fore Loin, among Hunters, is when a Hound going be- fore the reft of the Cry, meets Chace, and goes away with it.

Fore Skin, fee Prepuce.

Forejudg'd the Court, is when an Officer of any Court is bani/h'd or expell'd the fame for fome Offence, or, for not appearing to an Aclion by Bill fil'd againft him ; and in the latter he is not to be admitted to officiate, till he appear to the Bill, Anno z Hen. 4. c. %t

He /hall Joofc his Office, and be forejudged the Court, ^c. Forjndicare, interdam e(l male judica're. Spel.

Forejudger, in Law, fignifies a Judgment, whereby a Man is depriv d, or put by the thing in queffion.

Foreclos'd, in our antient Law Books, fignifies barr'd, fliut out, or excluded for ever.

Forefoot, in the Sea Language, is when one VefTel fails, or lies a-crofs another's way.

As if two Ships being under Sail, and in Ken of one an- other, one of them lies in a Courle with her Stern fo much a weather the other, that if both hold on, the windward Ship will run out a-head of the other. Such Ship is faid to lie with the others forefoot.

Tho*, as foon as flie has pafs'd, they fay, /he is gone out a-head.

FOREIGN, fomething extraneous, or adventitious. For- eign Minifter, Foreign Prince, Foreign Goods, &c, are thofe belonging to other Nations. Foreign to the Purpofes, i. e. remote.

Matter is foreign to the Idea of Space, I, e. is not inhe- rent therein, but additional thereto. See Vacuum.

Foreign Plants are particularly call'd Exottcks. See Ex- otic.

In fome Univerfitics they give the Appellation Foreign 2)o6fors, 1)cBorcs Forenfes, to fuch as do not refide in the Place, or the Univcrfity ; but take Degrees to go and live elfe where, and in other Countries.

In the Life of St. tPaul, Biihop of Verdun, written by an anonymous Author, and publi/h'd from a MS. above 40c Years old, by 'Botlandus ; we meet with Forenfis c Pref- byter, for a Prieit who lives in another Part. The fame So'liandus notes, that St. Ambrofe ufes the Word Forenfis for Exterior.

Foreign, or Foraine Traitte, is a Duty belonging to the King of France, of T ~ of the Value of all Goods imported or exported out of the Kingdom. See Duty.

The Word Foreign is formM of the Latin Fores, Doors; or forts, or out of doors; or Forum, Market, $?>c.

Foreign, is us'd in Law in feveral Senfes, and join'd with divers Subitantives. Thus,

Foreign Arijkoer, is fuch an Anfwer, as is not triable in the County where it is made. See Answer..

Foreign Attachment, is an Attachment of Foreigners Goods found within a Liberty or City, in the Hands of £. third Perfon ; for the Satisfaction of ibme Citizen, to whom the Foreigner oweth Money. See Attachment.'

Foreio-n Matter, in Law, is Matter triable in another County ; or Matter done in another County. See Matter- Foreign Oppofer, or Appofer, is ah Officer in the Ex- chequer, to whom all Sheriffs or Bailiffs do repair to be ap- pos'd by him of their Green- Wax,' after they are appos'd of their Sums out of the Pipe 'Office; and from thence draws down a Charge upon one of them to the Clerk of the Pipe.

His Bufinefs is, to examine the Sheriff's Eftreats with the Record, and to afk the Sheriff, what he fays to every particular Sum therein.

Foreign 'Flea is a Refufal of the Judge as incompetent, becaufe the Matter in hand was not within his Precinct,. See Plea.

Foreign Service, is fuch Service whereby a mean Lord holdeth of another, without the Cempafs of his own Fee ; Oi- elie that which a Tenant peril, met h, either to his own Lord, or to the Lord Paramount out of his own Fee See Service.

Forelorn Hope, in an Army, the Enftins perdues. See Enfans 'Perdues.

FORESCHOKE, ^DereliBum, anticntly fignified as much asforjaken in our modern Language.

It is fpecially us'd in one of our Statutes, for land or Tenements feiz'd by the Lord, for want of Services due from the Tenant ; and fo quietly heid and polfefs'd b_yond the Year and Day.

As if we mould fay, that the Tenant, who feeing his Lands or Tenements taken into the Lord's Hand, and pol- fefs'd fo long, takes not the Courfe appointed by Law to recover them ; does in due Preemption of Law dilavow or forfake all the Right he has to them.

And then fuch Lands fhall be call'd Bore/choke, fxys the Stat. 10 Ed. 2. c. unico.

FOREST, Silva, in Geography, a huge Wood : Or, a largo Extent of Ground, cover'd with Trees. See Wood.

The Calidonian and Hcrcynian Forefls are famous in Hiftory : The firft was a celebrated Retreat of the antient ^Pi£is, and Scots : The latter, anticntly pofiXfs d the greatelt Part of Europe ; particularly Germany, 'Folavd, Hungary, &c. In Ceefar's time it extended from the Borders of Alfa- tia and Switzerland to Tranjylvania^ and was computed 60 Days Journey long, and nine broad : Some Parts, or Can- tons thereof are frill remaining.

The Foreji of Dean in Glocejlerjhire is famous for the Iron Works therein. See Ie.on.

The Antients ador'd Forefts, and imagin'd a great Part of their Gods to refide therein : Temples were frequently^ built in the thickeft Forejls ; the Gloom and Silence whereof naturally infpire Sentiments of Devotion, and turn Men's Thoughts within themfelves.

For the like reafon, the antient ^Druids made Forefls the Place of their Refidence, perform'd their Sacnfices, intiructed their Youth, and gave Laws therein. See Druids.

The Word Fcreft is form'd of the Latin Vorejia, which firft occurs in the Capitularies of Charlemaign, and which it felf is deriv'd from the German Forfl, fignifying the fame thing. Spelman derives it from the Latin fork rejiat, by reafon Forejls are out of Towns. Others derive Forejla a feris, q. d. Ferejla, quod ft titta ftatio ferarum, as being a fafe Station or Aboad for wild Beaits.

Forest, in a Law Senfe, is defined a certain Territory of woody Grounds, and fruitful Failures, privileg'd for wild Beaits, and Fowls of For eft, Chafe and Warren, to reft and abide in the fafe Protection of the King for his Princely Delight ; meer'd and bounded with unremoveablc Bounds, Marks, Mcers, and Boundaries, either known by Matter of Record, or Prescription ; Replenififd with wild Beaits of Venery, or Chafe, and with great Coverrs of Vert for Suc- cour of the faid Beaits. For Prefervation and Continuance of which Place with the Vert and Venifon, there are cer- tain peculiar Laws, Privileges, and Officers.

The Properties or Characters of a Foreji, are,

i° That it cannot be in the Hands of any, but the King ; becaufe none elfe hath Power to conllitutc iuch Commifjions as are neceffary to the Being of a Foreft, befide the King ; as, particularly that of a Juitice in Eyre of the foreji.

And yet the Abbot of Whitby had a Foreft by Grant of King Henry the Second, and King John ; with all Officers incident thereto.

The Second Charafter, is the Courts belonging thereto, which are, the Juftice Seat, held every three Years ; the Swainmote, held trice every Year; and the Attachment, once every forty Days. See Justice Seat, Swainmote, (£c.

The Third Charaaeriftic is the Officers belonging there- to, for Prefervation of the Vert and Venifon ; as the Ju- Jiices of the Foreft, the Warder, or Keeper, Ranger, Ver- derors, Forejlcrs, Agiftors, Regardors, Bailiffs, Readies, &c.
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