Page:Cyclopaedia, Chambers - Volume 1.djvu/818

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w herc it is flower, they readily fhoot into larger Clutters, and fo are hard to be driven out of the Habit.—

From thefe Principles that Author infers, That fuch Ve- getables and Animals, as come fooneft to their Growth, are eafier of Digeftion, than thofe long in attaining to Matu- rity : The fmalleft of their kind, fooner than the larger: They of a dry, flefhy, and fibrous Subflance, fooner than the oily, fat, and glutinous : Thofe of a white Subftance, fooner than thofe of a redder: Thofe of a foft, mild, and fweet, fooner than thofe of a rich, ftrong, poignant, aroma- tic Tafte : Land Animals, than Sea Animals 5 Animals that live on light, vegetable Food, than thofe on hard and heavy Food ; plain drefs'd Food, than what is pickled, falted, bak'd, fmoak'd, or otherwife high feafond ■ boil'd Meat fooner than roaft, 05>c.

The fame Author adds, that Abftinence, and Excrcife molt concur with the due Food for the Prefervation of Health; and that where Exercife is wanting, as in fludious Perfons, the Defect mull be fupplied by Abftinence. See Absti- nence, and Exercise.

FOOL, according to Mr. Lock, is one who makes falfe Conclusions from right Principles; by which he is diftin- guiih'd from a Madman. See Madness,

Dr. Willis relates, That upon differing of a Fool, the principle Differences found between him and a Man of Senfe, were, that the Brain was fmaller ; and that the Cer- vical Plexus^ form'd of the Intercoltal Nerve, whereby the Correfpondence between the Brain and Heart is effected, was lefs, and fent forth fewer Branches to the Heart, £££.— Nervor. IDefcript. & Uf. c %6. See Consent of 'Parts*

FOOT, a Part of the Body of moll Animals, whereon they ftand, walk, &c. See Body.

Animals are diftinguifli'd, with refpecr to the Number of

Feety into Bipedes^ q. d. two-footed 3 fuch are Men, and

Birds : ^iiadrupedes, q. d. four-footed - 7 fuch are moft Land

. Animals:" And Multipedes, q. d. many footed; as InfecLs.

See Quadruped, Insect, &c.

The Reptile Kind, as Serpents, &c. have no Feet. See

RErTILE.

The Merchants would perfwade us, that the Bird of Pa- radice has no Feet; that when it fleeps, it hangs by its Wings ; and when it feeds, by its Bill : But the Matter is, they cut them off, that the Bird may be thought the more extraordinary. Others fay, 'tis for fear they fhould fpoil the Feathers, which are very beautiful.

Lobfters have twelve Feet 1 Spiders, Mites, and Poly- pus's, eight ; Flics, Grafhoppers, and Butterflies, fix Feet. Galen has feveral good Observations on the wife Adjult- ment of the Number of Feet in Men, and other Animals, in his Book 2)e Ufu Part. L. 3.

The Forefeet of Moles are admirably form'd to dig, and fcratch up the Earth, and make way for its Head, &c In Water Fowls, the Legs and Feet are excellently ad- apted to their refpective Occafions and Manners of living. In fuch, as are to wade in the Rivers, the Legs are long, and bare of Feathers a gcod_ way above the Knee : Their Toesalfo are broad ; and in luch as bear the Name of Mud- iuckers, two of the Toes are fomewhat jointed, that they may not cafily fink in walking upon boggy Places.

Others are ivholefootcd, i. e. have their Toes webbed to- gether, as the Goofe, Duck, OSsc. And 'tis pretty enough to obferve, how artificially thefe will gather up their Toes and Feet, when they withdraw their Legs, or go to take their Stroke in fwimmtng ; and again expand, or open the whole Foot, when they preis upon, or drive themfelves forward in the Water. See Lec. — ■

Foot, in Anatomy, or the great Foot, is the whole Ex- tent from the Jointure of the Hip, to the Tip of the Toes ; as the Hand is the whole, from the Shoulder to the Fingers Ends. See Hand.

The "Pes magnus, or great Foot, is 'divided into the Thigh, the Leg, and the plot, properly fo called. See Thigh, Leg, &c.

Its Bones are the Femur, or Thigh Bone ; the Tibia and Fibula for the Leg ; and thofe of the Tarjus, Metatarfus, and Fingers. SccFemur, Tibia, &c.

Its Arteries are Branches of the Crural Artery 3 and its Veins terminate in the crural Vein. See Cruhal.

Of thefe there are five principal ones, viz*, the Saphtgna, great and little Ijchiadic, the Mttfculons, Popliteal, and Stiffens* See each under its proper Article, Saphjena, &c. The Leffhr Foot, or Extremity of the Foot, which is- the Foot properly fo call'd, confifls of three Parts, viz, the Tar- fits, the Space from the Ankle to the Body of the Foot 5 anfwering to the Wrift in the Hand: The jifetatarfus, the Body of the Foot to the Toes ; and the 'Digiti, or Toes.

Each of thefe Parts confifls of a great Number of Bones, as the Calx, Talus, Cunciformia, and Cubo)des. The Bot- tom of all is call'd the Sole, or Planta Pedis. See Tar- sus, Metatarsus, Calx, $fc.

Foot, in the Greek, and Latin Poetry, the Metre, or Meafure of the Verfe. See Measure, and Verse.

Feet are compos'd of a certain Number of long and fliort Syllables. See Quantity.

The Spondee, Jambic, Trochee, and Pirrhlc, of two Syllables, each.

The <DaByl, Anapeji, Afolofs, Tribrach, Ike. of three Syllables. See Spondee, Jambic, Dactyl, eke.

Hexameter Verfes confifl of lixffff; Pentameters of only five. See Hexameter, and Pentameter.

.Even, and Odd Foot, Par, and Impar, in Poetry, and particularly in Jambic Verfes. Feet are denominated Odd y and Eve??., in refpecr. of their Situation in the Verfe.

Thus,, the firit, third, and filth Foot of the Verfe are un- even, in regard thofe Numbers are net capable of being di- vided into two equal Parts.

In the antient Tragedy, the Jambic Verfes, which pre- vail'd therein, only allow'd the uneven Feet to the Spon- dees; fo that the fecond, the fourth, and fixth Feet were to be Jambus's, in regard they were even. This regu- lar Mixture of Spondees in the uneven Feet, render 'd the Verfe the more folemn and noble.

The Comic Poets, the better todifguife their Verfe, and make it more like Profe, took the contrary Courfe ; putting Spondees, where the Tragic Poets would only have allcw'd Jambus's. — ■

Foot, is alfo a Meafure, confining of twelve Inches. See Measure.

The Foot- long is divided into twelve Inches; and the Inch into three Barley Corns. See Inch, &c.

Geometricians divide the Foot into ten "Digits ; the Digit into ten Lines, eke. See Digit, \&c.

The French divide their Foot like us, into twelve Inches; and the Inch; into twelve Lines. See Line, f^'c.

The Footfquare is the fame Meafure, both in Length, and Breadth; containing 144 fquare, or fuperficial Inches. See Square. —

The Cubic, or Solid Foot is the fame Meafure in all the three Dimenfions; containing 1728 Cubic Inches. SeeCuBE, and Cubic.

The Foot is of different Lengths, in different Countries. The Paris Royal Foot exceeds the Fnglijh by feven Lines and a half: The Antient Rowan Foot of the Capital, con- firmed of four Palms ; equal -to eleven Inches, and feven Tenths Englijb : The Rhiueland, or Leiden Foot, by which all the Northern Nations go, is to the Roman Fees, as 950 to 100c— The Proportions of the principal Feet of feveral Nations, compar'd with the Englijb and French^ are as follow.

The Englijb Foot being divided into

Parts; or into 12 Inches; the other Feet will be, as follow;

London — ■ — Foot

j 000

Paris — ■ the Royal Foot

1068

Mmfterdam — Foot

941

Ant-werp Foot

94<S

Don — — Foot

1184

RbinlandyQX Leyden — ■ Foot

103;

Lorrain — — Foot

958

lMeti?iul —— *■ — * .root

919

Middieburg ~— Foot

991

Strasbourg • — ■ — ■ Foot

9:0

Bremen — ■ — Foot

9«4

Coffltril, "Print


 * -^ * C* ' ■ j Uut

954-

Francfort on the Maya Foot

948

Sfcmijb — — Foot

IOOI

Thouf.Parts. F. Inch. Li.

Thoiif.Parts. F.

Toledo — —

Foot

899

8

Roman — • ~

Foot

967

3

Bononia — —

Foot

1204

z

Mantua ■ —

Foot

1569

%

Venice — ■ —

Foot

1 1 6z

4

Dantzick — ■

Foot

944

4

Copenhagen — —

Foot

965

Prague — —

Foot

102.6

9

Riga — —

Foot

1831

Turin — • —

Foot

1062

6

The Greek —

Foot

IC07

4

Paris Foot, by Dr. Bernard — *

ic66

4

Old Roman — ' —

Foot

970

In.

Li.

IO

7

II

6

oz

4

C<S

8

01

9

II

5

II

6

CO

1

09

9

CO

7

The