Page:Cyclopaedia, Chambers - Volume 1.djvu/817

 FON

(7o)

FOO

The Word, fays Stow, is Hill in ufe among the London- ers, and fignifies, Celebrem ex omni Civitate conventum. But Maniwod fays, it is the Court holden in London, where- in all the Folk and People of the City did complain of the Mayor and Alderman for any Mifgovernment.

Mr. Somner, in his his Saxon Dictionary, makes it a ge- neral Affembly of the People, for considering and order- ing Matters of the Commonwealth. Oranes proceres regn;, ES? milites ££ libcri homines univerfi totius Regni Britannia facere dehent in pleno Falcmote fidelitatem fDomino Regi, coram Epifcopis Regni. In Leg. Ed-w. Confejf. cap. 35. Et amplius non fit in Huflinga, Miskenninga, i. e. fpeaking amifs ; neque in Folkefmote, neque in aliis piacitis infra Civitatem, Charta H. 1. pro London. tpU Cange.

"When this great Affembly is made in a City, it may be call'd a Burgemot -, when in the County, a Shiregemot. Cum aliquid vero inopinatmn £S? malum contra regnum vel contra coronam Regis emerferit, flatim debent pulfatis cam- panis, quod Anglicc vacatur Amotbcl, convocare omnes ££> u?2werjbs, quod Angiici vocant Folkmote, &c. Leg. Al- fred. ' • . FOLUCULUS, among Gardeners, the Seed- Veflel, Cafe, Coat, Hulk, or Cover, which fome Seeds and Fruits have over them. See Fruit, and Seed.

Folliculus FeU/s, fee Vesica Bilaria.

FOLLY, according to Mr. Look, confifts in the drawing of falfc Conclufions from jult Principles ; by which it is di- flinguifh'd from Madnefs, which draws juft Conclufions from fa Ife Principles. See Madness.

FOMAHANT, in Aftronomy, a Star of the firft Mag- nitude, in the Conftcllation Aquarius* Its Longitude is 329 Degrees, 17 Minutes, Latitude 21 Degrees, 3 Minutes. See Aq.uap.ius.

FOMENTATION, a liquid Medicine, applied on any difeas'd Part.

Fomentations are either Simple, or Compoud.

Simple Fomentations are thofe made with luke warm Water, Milk, Oil, Oxicrat, or other the like Liquor.

Compound Fomentations are Decoctions of Roots, Leaves, Flowers, Seeds, made in common Water, or other proper Liquor j to which are fometimes added Salts, Axun- gia?, Oils, £S?c.

To ufe, or apply them, they dip a hot linen Cloth, or Flannel in the Liquor, and fpread it on the Part affected.

There are alfo Fome?itations made another way ; viz. by boiling certain Drugs in linen Bags, and then applying 'em, Bags and all, on the Part.

There are alfo a fort of dry Fomentations, being Bags fill'd with Medicines, but not boil'd, only fometimes fprin- kled with a little Wine or Brandy.

The Intention of Fomentations'^ to refolve, difcufs, foften, affuage, fortify, conftringe, &c. the Parts they are applied on.

Fomentations are alfo called Local Baths, or Partial Ba- things ; becaufe, being applied on a difeafed Part, they have much the fame Effect as a Bath, or Half-bath has on the whole Body. See Bath, and Bathing.

FONT, or Baptifmal Font, a Stone, or Marble VelTel, at the lower End of a Parifh Church, ferving to hold the Water, to be us'd in adminiftring the Sacrament of Bap- tifm. See Baptism.

A Baptifmal Font is the Character of a Parifh Church. See Parish.

Its Place, at prefent, is at the Bottom of the Church, or in a little Chapel within the Church. Antiently, it was placed in a little Church, diftinct from the great one, tho' near to it, called the Baptijlery. See Baptistery.

It was a common thing, during the firft: Ages of the Church, for the Baptifmal Fonts to be fill'd miraculoufly, at the time of Earter, which was their great Baptizing Seafon.

Baronius gives divers Inftances of thefe miraculous Fonts, in the Years 417, 5 54» and 558.

c Poff'evhms B. of Lilybeum, who wrote in 44.3, obferves, that in the Year Four hundred and feventeen, under the Pon- tificate of Sofinus, there was an Error committed in the time of celebrating Eafter; it being held on the 25 th of March, in lieu of the 22"* of April, which was the Time it was held on at Constantinople. He adds, that GOD was pleas'd to fhew the Error in a very convincing manner, by the Fonts of a certain Village, which always us'd to be mi- raculoufly fill'd againft Eafter; and which, this Year, were not full till the 23 d of April. See 'Tillemont Hifl. Ecclef. if.X. p. 678, and 579. Gregory de fours, p. 320, 516, 746, 950, 1063. l

FONTICULUS, or Fontinella, in Chirurgcry, a ge- neral Name for Iffues, Seatons, Cauteries, and other fmall artificial Difcharges. See Issue, Seaton, Cautery, ££c.

The Word is a Diminutive of Fons, Fountain. — ■ —

FONT1NALIA, or Fontanalia, in Antiquity, a reli- gious Feaft, held among the Romans, in honour of the Dei- ties who prefided over Fountains, or Springs,

Varro obferves, that it was the Cuftom to vifit the Wells on thofe Days; and to call: Crowns into Fountains. Scali- ger in his Conjectures on Farro, takes this not to be the Feaft of Fountains, asFeftus insinuates ; but of the Foun- tain which had a Temple at Rome, near the 'Porta Cape- na, call'd alfo 'Porta Fontinalis : He adds, that 'tis of this Fountain Cicero fpeaks in his II Book de Legib. Thc2-c«- thialia were held on the i3 til of October. —

FOOD, or Aliment, is whatever Matter is taken in at the Mouth, digefted in the Stomach, and other Vifcera, and converted into the Matter of the Body, to repair, or fupply what is fpent, or wanting. See Digestion.

The Changes which the Food undergoes, before it be- come a Part of our Body, are i° Mafiication $ 2 X-egluti- tion\ 3 Concoction ; 4 Chyl ficaticn ; 5° Sanguification ; 6° Affimilation. See Mastication, Concoction, Chy- lification, Nutrition, &c.

Food is of two Kinds, viz. Efculents, or Meat 5 and c Po- tulents, or fPfink. Sec Esculent, Drink, Wine, Malt Liquors, Water,^.

The firft Foods of our Great Forefathers, were Water, and the fpontaneotis Productions of the Earth ; with which whole Nations fuftain themfelves to this Day.

'Tulpivs, Obf. 14. ie. notes, That Men antiently fed af- ter the fame rate as other Animals 5 and lived of Hay and Corn. By degrees they came to the Humors or Juices of certain Beafts, as Milk ; and at length they commenced Car- nivorous, and devour'd the Parts of the Animals themfelves. See Carnivorous.

The Variety of Foods* it feems, does not make any Difference in the Subftance, or Actions of the Bodies fu- ftain'd thereby ; the Vifcera having a Power of altering and afltmulating them, however heterogeneous, into one fimilar Subftance, like themfelves. See Assimilation.

The Difference in Foods confifts principally -in this, that fome are more eafily digefted and affimilated, than others; and afford more nutritious Juice, than others : To which end it is, that the divers Kinds of dreffing have been in- vented ; viz. to difpofe the Matter for a more ealy and plentiful Aifimilation. See Dressing.-*

The beft, molt fimple, and light of Digeftion are thefe Foods prepar'd of Frumentatious, and Leguminous Seeds 5 as Wheat, Rye, Barley, Oats, Mays, dried, ground, fer- mented, baked, &c. See Bread. Peafe, Beans, Vetches, $£c. Alfo green Plants, and Pot-herbs, as Lcttice, Beer, Parfly, &c. See Sallet. Fruits, as Apples, Pears, Ber- ries, Plumbs, Cherries, £S?<\ See Fruit. And the lean Parts of Animals, Birds, Fillies, Infects, gfc. prepar'd by Soiling, Baking, Ste-zving, &c.

And yet for different Intentions, different kinds of Food are requir'd : Thus hard, dry, thick, heavy, fseculent Foods are belt for thofe whofc Vifcera arc ilrong, Digeftion quick, £5?c. and loft, light, humid, fimple Foods to fuch, are per- nicious- Again, to the Weak, valetudinary, ftudious, and fedentary, thofe Foods are beft, which are either by Art, or Nature the neareft to Chyle, as Miik, Broths, &c.

Where the Temperature inclines to Acidity, there alca- lious Foods are the molt fui table $ and Acids, where the Conftitution inclines to be akaline.

Some will have it, that Iron, Metals, Minerals, &c. may by a proper Preparation become I-'oodj on which accounts Decoctions of Gold, Chalybeat's, <£c. are cried up: But 'tis certain, that no fuch Matters can ever be afTuniiated, and become Part of our Body. They may act on the Blood, and the Blood Veffels, by their Weight, Impetus, &c. and on that account, may be of ufe in Medicine; but not as Food. — ■

A due Regulation of the Quantity, and Quality of our Food ; and a nice Adjustment thereof to the conccctive Powers, would be of the utmoft Conlequence to Health and long Life. See Health.

What we expend in Motion, Excretion, Effluvia, &c. is but a determinate Quantity ; and the Supply fliould only keep pace with the Expence. A- iuft Proportion of the two would probably preferve us from acute Dillempers ; as it certainly would from chronical ones ; Moit, or all of which proceed from Repletion, as appears from their being cured by Evacuation. See Evacuation.

The Qualities of Foods, as to Eafinefs, or Difficulty of Digeftion, Dr. Cheync thinks, may be determin'd in all Cafes from thefe three Principles.

i° That thofe Subuances which confift of the groGCefi Parts, are hardefl ol Digeftion; by reaion their eonliituent Parts touch in the moft Points; or have the grcateft Quan- tity of Contact, upon which their Cohefion depends. See Cohesion.

2 That thofe Subflances, whole Parts are brought toge- ther with the greater Force, cohere proportionably cloier, and are the more difficultly feparated.

3 That Salts are very hard to be digefted ; becauio united by plain Surfaces, under which they are always com- prehended : Hence, in the laft Stages of the Circulation,

where