Page:Cyclopaedia, Chambers - Volume 1.djvu/816

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FOL

Blood from the Heart into the Arteries ; raid from trie Veins into the Heart again, without palling through the Lungs, which are now ufelefs. See Circulation.

The Lungs of a Fxtus are of a darker Colour, and clofer Confidence, than after they have been breath'd into ; as ap- pears from their fwimming in Water, after Birth, which they will not do before : Which Difference affords an ufe- ful Experiment, in cafe of the fufpefted Murther of Chil- dren. For if they were ftill- born, the Lungs fink in Water; if born alive, they fwim.

The two Canals above-mentioned ferve only to prevent the Obllrucfion the Blood would otherwile have within the Lungs, before they have been open'd. After Refpiration has open'd the Lungs, the Blood taking its Courfe through them, the Paffages clofe up. See Foramen Ovale, Re- spiration, &c.

The-Head of the Fxtns is much bigger in proportion to the Body, than afterwards : The Bones and Brain iofter: The Sutures open, and leaving a great Space on the Top of the Head, cover'd only with a Membrane; and the Glands, particularly the Thymus, and Reualcs, bigger and fofter. For other Differences in rhc Proportions, fee Embryo.

"Bartholin, in his Treatife i)c infolitis partus viis, relates a great many ftupendous Cafes of Fetus's Dead and putri- fied in the Womb ; the Parts of which have made their wav thro' Apoftemations ; one whereof at the Navel was fome Years in coming away : And in the Philofoph. Tranf- affiions we meet with the like Inilances ; particularly, of one voided piece-meal by the Anus, feveral Years after Conception.

Authors give Accounts of Fxtus's found in the Fallopian Tabes ; and others in the Cavity of the Belly.

VL.de S. Maurice, in the Memoirs of the R. Academy of Sciences, relates the Hiflory of a Fxttis form'd in the Ovary of the Mother ; and which at three Months from Impregnation, burfting the Tell icle, forc'd its Way through, into the Epigafiric Region.

During the Rupture, the Mother felt all the Preludes of an imminent Travel 5 and calling her Chirurgeon, died in his Arms, crying, I am delivering, I am delivering 1

The Story of Margaret Counters of Holland, who is faid to have been deliver'd of 5S4 Ftctus's, all alive, and after- wards baptized, commonly paffes for a Fable : And yet there is a Picture of this notable Delivery ftill preferv'd in the Church of Lofdune, as a Monument of the Truth there- of. Jllbtrtus Magnus gives a like Intiance of a Woman, who brought forth 150 Fatus's, or Embryo's, ali form'd, and as big as the little Finger.

FOG, or Mist, a Meteor, confiding of grofs Vapours, floating near the Surface of the Earth. See Vapour.

If the Vapours, plentifully rais'd from the Earth, and Waters either by the folar or fubterraneous Heat, meet, at their firll Entrance into the Atmofphere, with Cold enough to condenfe them coniiderably ; their fpecific Gravity being hereby increas'd, their Afcenr will be ftop'd, and they will either return back in form of a Dew, or drizzling Rain ; or remain fufpended, for fome time, in form of a Fog. See Rain, and Dew.

Fcgs are only low Clouds ; or Clouds in the loweft Region bf the Air : And Clouds are no other than Fogs rais'd on high. See Cloud.

Obicas view'd thro' Fogs, appear larger, and more re- mote than thro' the common Air. See Vision.

The fifhing for Herring is chiefly practiced in joggy Weather. See Herring Fishery.

FOGAGE, in the Foreft Law, is Rank Grafs, not eaten in the Summer. .

FOIBLE, a French Term, frequently us d alio in our Language. . ,

It literally fignifies weak, and in that Senle is applied to the Body of Animals, and the Parts thercol : As, joiblc Reins, foible Sight, Effe. being dcriv'd from the Italian Fie- vcla, of the Latin Flebilis, to be lamented, pitied.

But it is chiefly us'd with us fubflantively ; to denote the principal Defect, or Flaw in a Perfon, or Thing. Thus we fay, Every Perfon has his Foible ; and the great Secret con- fills in hiding it artfully : Princes are gain'd by Flattety, that is their Foible : The Foible of young People is Plea- fure • The Foible of old Men is Avarice : The Foible ot the Great and Learned, is Vanity: The Foible of Women and Girls Coquettry, or an Affectation of having Gallants : You fhouVl know the Force, and the Foible of a Man, before you employ him : We fliould not let People perceive that we know their Foible. '

FOIL, a Sheet of Tin, Quickfilver, or the like, laid on the Eackfide of a Looking Glafs, to make it refleft. See Foliating. The Word is form'd of the Latin Folium, Leaf. FOILING, among Hunters, is the tooting, and treading of Deer, which is on the Grafs, but fcarce vifible.

FOLDS, in the Manufactures, fee Pi.aits, Cloth, Packing, £=V.

Folds of the T)rapery, in Painting. See Drapery: ,

FOLIA, in Botany, is us'd lor the Leaves of Plants and Flowers; but particularly the former : The Leaves of Flowers being more properly called Petala. See Leaves, and Petala. ..

FOLIACEUM Expanfum, in Anatomy, is that Extreme of the Fallopian Tube, next the Ovary ; and which is ex- panded like the Mouth of a Trumpet, and inviron'd with a fort of Fringe. See Fallopian tube.

FOLIAGE, a Clufler, or Affemblage of Flowers, Leaves, Branches, ££<<:.

Foliage is particularly us'd for Representations of fucb. Flowers, Leaves, Branches, Rinds, l£lc. whether Natural, or Artificial ; us'd, as Inrichments on Capitals, Freezes, Pe- diments, 5i?c. See Capital, Freeze,^.

FOLIATING of Looking Glaffes, is the. fpreading a Compofirion of fomething which will firmly adhere to the Back of the Glafs, and there reflect the Image. See Mir.-

P.OR.

This is called the Foil, and is ufually made with Quick- filver, mix'd with fome other Ingredients.

For the Method of Foliating Looking Glaffes, fee Look- ing Glass.

In Philof. Tranfatf. N° 245 we have a Method of fo- liating Globe Looking Glaffes, communicated by Sir it. Southwell.

The Mixture is of Quickfilver, and Marchafite of Sil- ver, of each three Ounces; and Tin, and Lead, of each half an Ounce : To thefe two firft throw on the Marchafite ; and laft of all the Quickfilver. Stir them well together over the Fire ; but they mull be taken off, and be towards cooling, before rhe Quickfilver is put to them.

When you ufe it, the Glafs mould be well heated, and very dry : But it will do alfo when it is cold, tho' beft when the Glafs is heated.

FOLIATION, in Botany.^c. is us'd by Dr.Gcew.to ex- prefs the Affemblage of the Folia, or Petala of a Flower. See Petala.' —

The Foliation is the moll confpicuous Part of Flowers ; being that Collection of fugacious, colour'd Leaves, which conft'itute the Compafs, or Body of the Flower. See Flower. . ._

It is of great ufe in the Generation and Prefervation ot the young Fruit, or Seed : It filtrates a fine Juice, to nou- rilh it in the Uterus, or Piflil. See Generation of 'Plants. ..

In fome Species, as Apricocks, Cherries, &c. it hkewile ferves to guard the young tender Fruit from the Violence of Wind, Weather, tie. for thefe being of a very tender, and pulpous Body, and coming forth in the colder Parts of the Spring, would be often injured by the Extremities of Wea- ther, if they were not thus protected, and lodged up with- in their Flowers.

Before the Flower opens, the Foliation is curioully and artfully folded up in the Calix or Periantheum. See Ca-

Dr. Grew enumerates feveral Varieties of thefe Foldings, via. the Clofe Couch, as in Rofes ; the Concave Couch, as in the Blattaria pre albo ; the Single Plait, as in Peafe Blof- foms ; the Couch and 'Plait, as in Marigolds ; the Rowl, as Ladies Bower, effc.

FOLIO, fignifies Page. See Page.

Thus Folio '7, wrote abridgedly F° 7. denotes the feventh Page, i?.c.

'Folio Rctto, or F° R° expreffes the firft Side or Page of a Leaf.

Folio Verfo, or E° V the fecond, or back fide of the Leaf. — ■

The Word is Italian^ and literally fignifies Leaf.

Folio, among Bookfellcrs. A 'Book in Folio, or fimply, a Folio, is that where the Sheet is only folded in two, each Leaf making half a Sheet.

Beneath the Folio are the Quarto, Oliavo, Duodecimo, Sixteens, Twenty fours, &c. See Book.

Folium Indicum, or Indum, call'd alfo Thamalapathra, and Malabathrllm', a Leaf brought from the Indies, grow- ing chiefly about Cambaya, produe'd by a Tree not unlike the Lemon Tree ; us'd in the Compofition of Venice Trea- cle. See Treacle.

Folium Cariophyllatum, or Clove Leaf. See Cloves.

FOLK-LAND, in our antient Saxon Cuftoms, denoted Copyhold Lands. See Copyhold.

In oppofition to thefe, Charter Lands were called Boc- lands. See Bog-Land.

Fundus fine fcripto foffefTus (fop Somner) cenjumjen- fitans annuum, cj? offiaorum fervituti obuoxms : Terra pojmlaris. _ ,

FOLCMOTE, and Folkesmote, omong our Saxon An- ceftors, fignified, according to Lwnbard, two kinds ot

One' now called the County Court: The other, the She. Yiffs Turn. See County Court, and Turn.


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