Page:Cyclopaedia, Chambers - Volume 1.djvu/809

 FLU

C&.)

FLU

Fluor. Alius; or tfteriniis, a kind of Flux, incident to Women, popularly called the Whites. See Whites.

It confute in an irregular, diforderly Difchargc of feme corrupt Humor, fometimes white, and pale, like Whey; fometimes yellow, green, orblackifh : At fir II it is ufually foft and harmlefs, but in time grows hot, fharp, and corro- five, and excoriates all the Parts it touches.

It is attended with a Pain in the Spina Dorfi, a Swelling of the Feet and Eyes, Wcarinefs, Lumbago, a Lofs of Ap- petite, Change of Complexion, £fc.

It is frequently produced from a too heavy and kiting Grief. It mull: be well diitinguilh'd from an Ulcer in the Uterus, and a Gonorrha;a. See Gonorrhoea.

It happens to all Ages; from Girls of three Years old : And at all times; before, after, or even along with the Menfes ; and even to Women with Child.

Ftmuller takes it for a Gonorrhea mvliebrh, analogous to a non virulent Gonorrhoea in Men, and flowing out of the Glandnlx of the Proltrates. <

What the Coryza is in theNoftrils ; too much weeping in the Eyes ; coughing and hawking in the Fauces; that, ac- cording to Etmullcr, is this Fluor in Women.

According to "Pitcaim, all the Difference between the ve- nereal Gonorrhea, and a Fluor alius, is that the Humor evacuated in the latter is vifcid, and in the former, quite thin and ferous. The fame Author adds, that the Fluor alias, can only be cured by Medicines proper for the venereal Dif- eafe. See Gonorrhoea.

FLUTE, an Inltrument of Mufick, the fimplcft of all thofe of the Wind kind. See Musics..

It is playd, by blowing in it with the Mouth ; and the Tones or Notes form'd and changed by flopping or opening Holes difpofed for that purpofc all along it.

The Latins call it Fijlula, and fometimes Ttfaa, Pipe; from the former of which, fome derive the Word Flute; Tho' "Borel will have it derived from Flutta, a Lamprey, thus called a plitando in Fluviis ; in regard the Flute is Jong, like the Lamprey, and has Holes all along it, like thatFjfii.

The antient Fijluld? or Flutes were made of Reeds ; af- terwards they were of Wood ; and at length, of Metal. But how they were blown, whether as our Flutes, or Haut- boys, does not appear.

"Xis plain, fome had Holes, which at firft, were but few ; but afterwards incrcafed to a greater Number : And fome had none. Some were fingle Pipes ; and fome a Combina- tion of feveral, particularly "Pan's Syringa, which confifted of feven Reeds, joint! together fideways.

They had no Holes ; each giving but one Note, in all feven diftinft Notes : but at what Intervalls, is not known: Perhaps they were the Notes of the Natural, or Diatonic Scale. See Tibia, and Fistula.

The German Flute is different from the common one : 'Tis not put into the Mouth, by the End, as the ordinary ones arc ; The End is ltop'd up with a Plug, or Tampion ; but the lower Lip is applied to a Hole about half an Inch diitant from it.

] Tis ufually a Foot long ; equally big every where, and perforated with fix Holes, beiide that of the Mouth. It is us'd as a Treble in a Concert of feveral Parts.

Its Bafs is double, or quadruple that Length.

Flutes, or Flutmgs, in Architecture, arc perpendicular Channels, or Cavities, cut along the Shaft of a Column or Pilafter. See Column, and Pilaster.

They arc fuppofed to have been firfl introduced in Imi- tation of the Plaits of Womens Robes; and arc therefore called by the Latins, Striges, and Ruga. See Strices,&c.

The French call them Cannelures, as being Excavations ; and we, Flutes, or Flutings, as bearing fome Refemblance to the mufical Inltrument fo called.

They arc chiefly affected in the Ionic Order, where they had their firit Rife ; tho' they arc alio us'd in all the richer Orders, as the Corinihi an and Comments 5 but rarely inthc2)oWc; fcarce ever in the "tufcan. Sec Ionic, Co- rinthian, Composite, Doric, £yC.

Their Number is 24., tho' in the "Boric only, 20.

Each Flute is hollow'd in, exactly a Quadrant of a Circle.

Between the Flutes are little Spaces that feparate them, called by Vitruvius, Stria, and by us, Lifts; tho* in the ^Doric, the Flutes arc frequently made to join each other, without any intermediate Space at all ; the Lift being Jharpen'd off to a thin Edge, which forms a Part of each Flute.

In fome Buildings we lee Columns with Flutes that go winding round the Shaft, fpirally - but this is rather look'd on as an Abufe.

Vignola determines the Depth of the Flutes by taking the Angle of an equilateral Triangle for the Centre.

Vitruvius defcribes it from the Middle of the Square, whofe Side is the Breadth of the Flute : Which latter Me- thod makes them deep.

The Flutes, or Striges, arc frequently fill'd up with a

prominent, or fwclling Ornament, fometimes plain, inform of a Staff or Reed ; and fometimes a little carved, or en- rich'd, in imitation of a Rope, or otherwife, and there- fore called a Rudenture, or Cabling 5 and the Columns thus enrich'd, Called Columns. See Column.

This is moll frequent in the Corinthian Order. The Cab- lings, or Fillings up commence from about one Third of the Height of the Column, reckoning from the Bafe ; and are continued to the Capital ; That is, they begin and end with the Diminution of the Column. See Diminution.

Flutes, or Flutings, are alfo us'd in Botany, in deferr- ing the Stems and Fruits of certain Plants, which hav.e Fur- rows, analogous to thofe of Columns.

Flute, or Fluyt, is alfo a kind of long VelTel, with flat Ribs, or Floor Timbers ; round behind, and fwelled in the Middle ; ferving chiefly for the carrying of Provifions in Fleets, or Squadrons of Ships : tho' it is alfo us'd in Mer- chandizes.

The Word Flute, taken for a fort of Boat, or Veffei, is derived, according to Sorel, from the antient Flette, a lit- tle Boat. In the verbal Procefs of the Miracles of St. Ca- tharine of Sweden, in the XII th Century, we read, Units eqmim fuwn una cum mercibus magni fonderis introduxit fufer inftrumentum de lignis fabricatum, vulgariter di- ctum Fluta.

Upon which the Sollandijls obferve, that in fome Co- pies it is read Fiona, an Inltrument call'd by the Latins Rat- tis ; and that the Word Flutta, or Fiona, arofe from Flotten, or vlotten, to float. — ■ — ■

~EL.J3TE.-Gr aft ing, fee Engrafting.

FLUX, Fluxus, in Medicine, an extraordinary Iffue, or Evacuation of fome Humor. See Humor.

Fluxes are various, and varioufly denominated, accor- ding to their Seats, or the Humors thus voided ; as, a Flux of the "Belly ; Uterine Flux, Hepatic Flux, Salival Flux,8i.c

The Flux of the Selly is of four kinds, which have their refpe&ive Denominations, viz. the Lientery, or Fluxus Li- entericus ; the Celiac, or Fluxus Chybfus; "Diarrh<sa- 7 and "Diffcntery, or Slody Flux. See each explain'd under its proper Article, Lientery, Diarrh^a,^.

A Wound, or Scarification croft the Crown of the Head is ufed in Scotland to cure Fluxes and Diflenteries. ThiL "TranfaB. N° 312.

Flux of the Mouth, or Salival Flux, fee Salivation.

The Hepatic Flux of the Antients is a mere Name ; be- ing, in reality a hemorrhoidal Flux, out of the hemorrhoi- dal Veins ; and fo reducible to the 2)iJ/entery. See He- morrhoids.

Women are fubject to three kinds of Fluxes extraordi- nary : The firft, call'd the Menfes y or Menjlrml Flux, as happening every Mouth ; fometimes Courfes, as keeping pace with the Moon ; and fometimes Flowers. See Men- ses, and Flowers.

The fecond is after Delivery, call'd Lochia. See Lo- chia.

The third is irregular, and preternatural ; and for want of a better Name called Fluor alius, or Whites. See Fluor. Alius.

Flux, in Hydrography, a regular, periodical Motion of the Sea ; happening twice in twenty four Hours ; wherein the Water is rais'd, and driven violently againft the Shores.

The Flux, or Flow, is one of the Motions of the Tide 5 the other, whereby the Water finks and retires, is call'd the Reflux, or Fib. See Tides.

There is always a kind of reft, or Ceffation of about half an Hour, between the Flux and Reflux ; During which the Water is at its greatcll Height, called High Water.

The Flux is made by the Motion of the Water of the Sea, from the Equator towards the Poles; which, in its Pro- gress, ilriking againft the Coafts in its way, and meeting with Opposition from them, fwells, and where it can find Paffage, as in Flats, Rivers, &c. rifes up, and runs into the Land.

This Motion follows in fome meafure the Courfe of the Moon ; as it lofes, or comes later every Day by about three Quarters of an Hour; or more precifely, 48 Minutes: And by fo much is the Motion of the Moon flower than that of the Sun. It is always higheit and greatelt in full Moons , particularly thofe of the Equinoxes. In lome Parts, as at Mount St. Michael, it raifes 80 or 90 Feet ; tho 1 in the open Sea it never rifes above a Foot, or two: And in fome Places, as about the Morca, there is no Flux at all.

It runs up fome Rivers above 120 Miles. Up the River "Thames it only goes 80 ; viz. near to Kingfion in Surry.

Above London Bridge the Water flows four Hours, and ells eight ; and below the Bridge, flows five Hours, and ebbs feven. Sec Flood.

Flux "Powders are thofe prepared to facilitate the Fufion

of the harder Metals; as alfo to melt Oars, in order io

difcover what Proportion of Metal ihey contain. See Fusion.

Powder of Antimony is a very good Flux Powder. By

this alone may you readily melt Iron or Steel in a Crucible,

with