Page:Cyclopaedia, Chambers - Volume 1.djvu/803

 FLO

(SO

FLO

gels, cjfc. where you are to underflard by Denarius the whole, by Obolus the half, and by ^oadrans the fourth Part, or Farthing. See Denarius, Penny, Obulus, Farthing, %$c. By Indenture of the Mint in 18 Ed. 3. every Pound weight of old Standard Gold, was to be coin'd into fifty Florins^

to be currant at fix Shillings a-piece ;

which made in Tale fifteen Pounds ; or into a proportionable Number of half or quarter Florins.

FLORFNIANS, FloriAni, a Se£l of Hereticks, of the fecond Century, denominated from its Author Flori?uis, or Florianus, a Prieft of the Roman Church, depofed along with Slajius, for his Errors.

Florin had been a Diiciple of St. <Polycarp, along with Irenams. He made God the Author of Evil ; and taught the Gnojlic Docfrine of two Principles.

According to c Philaftrius, the Florianians likewife denied a future Judgment and Refurrecfion : Held that Jesus Christ was not born of a Virgin ; and taught that the Re- furreclion was in effeft a new Generation. They are alio charged with holding criminal Affemblies in the Night- time, and giving into Judaifm and Paganifm.

They had otker Names given them : 'Pbilaftriiis fays, they were the fame with the Carpophorians. He adds, that they were alfo called Soldiers, Milites, guia de militaribns fuerunt. St. Irenmis calls them Gnoflicks : St. Epiphanitis y <Pbibionite± ; and T'keodoret, Sorborites, on account of the Impurities of their Life : Others call them Zacheans ; others Coddians, ike. though, for what particular Reafons, 'tis not eafy, nor perhaps wou'd it be worth while, to fay.

FLORIST, a Perfon curious, or learned in Flowers ; their Kinds, Names, Charaflers, Culture, &c. See Flower. FLORY, Flowry, Fleury, Florettee, Fleur-de-lisee, &c. are Terms in Heral- dry, when the Outlines of any Ordinary are drawn as if trimm'd with, or in the Form of, Flowers, Lillies, Flower-de-Luces, &c.

Thus, He bears a Crofs Flory, &c. FLOTA, or Flotta, /'. e. Fleet, a Name the Spaniards give particularly to the Ships which they lend annually fromCW/#, to the Port of Vera-Crux, to fetch the Merchandizes gather'd in Mexico for Spain. Thofe fent to fetch the Commodities prepared in 'Peru, are called Gal- lions. See Fleet, and Gallion.

They five the Name Flotilla to a Number of Ships, which get before the reit in their Return, and give Infor- mation of the Departure and Cargo of the Flota and Gal- lions. — ■ — '

FLOTAGES, are all fuch things as are floating on the Top of the Sea, or great Rivers; a Word more efpecially ufed in the Commifiions of Water-Bailiffs.

FLOTSON, or Flotzam, a Term fignifying any Goods loft by Shipwreck, and fwimming on the Top of the Wa- ter • which, with Jetfon, and Lagon, and Shares, are given to the Lord High Admiral, by his Letters Patents. See Admiral.

Jetfon is what is calt out of the Ship, being in Danger of a Wreck, and beaten to the Shore by the Water; or call: on Shore by the Seamen. See Jetson.

La^on, or Lagan is that which lies in the Bottom of the Sea. See Lagon.

Shares are Goods due to fcveral Perlons, by Proportion. FLOUNDER Fiflring, fee Flounder Fishing. FLOWER, Flos, is that Part of a Plant, which contains the Organs of Generation ; or the Parts neceffary for the Propagation of the Kind. See Plant and Generation of Plants.

The Flower is a natural Production, which precedes the Fruit, and yields the Grain or Seed. See Seed, and Fruit.

The Structure of Flowers is fomewhat various; though the Generality, according to Grew, have thefe three Parts in common, vi-z. The Empalemcnt, the Foliation, and the Attire. See Empalement, Foliation, &c.

Mr. Ray reckons, that every perfect Flower has the Pe- tala, Stamina, Apices, and Stylus, or Piftil .- Such as want any of thefe Parts, he deems JmperfeB Flowers. See Pe- tala, Stamina, Pistil, &c.

In moil Plants theic is a Perianthmm, Calix, or Flower- Cup, of a fkonger Confidence than the Flower it felf, and defi^n'd to ftrengthen and prefervc it. See Perianthium, and Calix.

In fome Flowers the two Sexes are confounded, i. e. the Male and Female Parts are found in the fame Flower ; in others, they are feparated : And of thefe again, fome are followed by Fruits, and others not : Whence, Flowers be- come difunguinVd into Male, Female, and Hermaphro- dites.

The Generality of Flowers are of the Hermaphrodite kind: Such e.gr. are the Lilly, Tulip, Daffodil, Rofemary, Sage, Thyme, Geranium, Althaea, £5c. See Hermaphro- dites.

The Sructure of Parts is much the fame in thofe where

the Sexes are divided: The Difference between them con- fiiis in this, that the Stamina and Apices, i. e. the male Parts, in thefe, are feparated from thePHlils; being fome- times on the fame Hand, and fometimes on different ones.

Thofe, wherein the Stamina are, in regard they bear no Fruit, are called Male, or barren Flowers, and by the Bo- tanilts, Stamineous Flowers : Thofe which contain the Pi- flil, being fucceeded with Fruit, are called Females, or Knitting, or Fruitful Flowers.

Among the Plants which bear both Male and Female Parts on the fame Stand, but at a diftance from each other, are reckon'd, the Cucumber, Melon, Gourd, Turky Wheat, Turnfol, Wallnut, Oak, Beech, Fir, Alder, Cyprcfs, Ce- dar, Juniper, Mulberry, Plantan, &c.

Thofe, where the Male and Female Parts of the Flswers arc bore on different Stands, are fome Species of Palm, the Willow, Poplar, Hemp, Mercury, Spinage, Nettles and Hops. See Generation of 'Plants.

Mr. Ray divides Flowers into 'Pvrfetl, and Imperfect.

Perfect Flowers he here accounts all fuch as have the Petala, tho' they want the Stamina. Thefe he fubdivides into Simple, which are thofe not composed of other fmaller ones, and which ufually have but one fingle Style; and Com- pounded, which confift of many Flolculi, ail making but one Flower. See Simple Flowers.

Simple Flowers are either Monopctalous, which have the Body of the Flower all of one entire Leaf, though fome- times cur, or divided a little way, into many feeming Petala, or Leaves, as in Borrage, Buglols, ££jc.

Or Polypetalous, which have diilincl Petala, and thofe falling off fingly, and not altogether, as the feeming Petala of the monopetaJous Flowers always do.

Both thofe are farther divided into Uniform and T)ijform Flowers.

The former have their Right and Left hand Parts, and the forward and backward Parts all alike ; but the Diffimu have no fuch Regularity; as in the Flowers of Sage, Dcad- Ncttle, S#e.

A Monopetalous dijform Flower is likewife farther di- vided into

i° Semi-fzjlrilar, whofe upper Part refemblcs a Pipe, cut off obliquely, as in the Ariftolochia.

2 P Labiate: And this either with one Lip only, as in the Acanthum and Scordium ; or with two Lips, as in the far greater Part of the Labiate Flowers.

And here the upper Lip is fometimes turned upwards, and fo turns the convex Part downwards, as in the Chama?- ciffus, &c. but moft ufually the upper Lip is convex above, and turns the hollow Part down to its Fellow below, and fo reprefents a kind of Helmet, or Monk's Hood; whence thefe are frequently called Galleate, Cucullate, and Gale- riculate Flowers.

Such are the Flowers of the Lamium, and moft verticil- late Plants.

Sometimes alfo the Labium is entire, and fometimes jagged or divided.

3 Comicnlate, that is, fuch hollow Flowers, as have on their upper Part a kind of Spur or little Horn ; as in the Linaria, Delphinum, &c. And the Corniculum or Calcar is always impervious at the Tip or Point.

Compound Flow zks are,

i° 1>ifco-u% or 2)ifcoidal K that is, whofe Flofculi are fet together fo clofe, thick, and even, as to make the Surface of the Flower plain and flat; which therefore, becaufe of its round Form, will be like a Difcus.

This Difk is lometimes radiated, when there are a Row of Petala Handing round in the Diik, like the Points of a Star; as in the Matricaria, Chamarmelum, &c.

And fometimes naked, having no fuch radiating Leaves round the Limb of its Diflc, as in the Tanacetum.-.

%° Planifolions, which are compos'd of plain Flowers, fet together in circular Rows, round the Centre, and whofe Face is ufually indented, notch'd, uneven, and jagged ; as the Hieracia, Sonchi, &C.

3° Fiftular, which are compounded of many long, hollow, little Flowers, like Pipes, all divided into large Jags at the Ends.

FmperfeEi Flowers are fuch as want the Petala, and are called likewife Stamineous, Apetalous, and Capillacioiis.

Thofe which hang pendulous by fine Threads like the Juli, are by "Tournefort called Amentacious ; we call them Cats-tails.

Botanills furnifh other Divifions and Denominations of Flowers.

Campaniform, or Bell-like Flowers, are thofe in Shape of a Bell. See Campaniform.

Cruciform Flowers, arc thofe confifling of four Petala, or Leaves ; The Calix alfo containing four Leaves ; and the Piliil always producing a Fruit. Such are thofe of the Clove Tree, Cabbage Tree, &c.

Infun-