Page:Cyclopaedia, Chambers - Volume 1.djvu/799

 FLA

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FLA

To it was faften'd a little Branch of an Olive Tree. That of the Flamen of Jupiter ended in a Point, called -Tntulus. It was tied under the Chin with Strings. In the Summer time it was only made of woolen Thread : With this the Head was conftantly cover'd; it being prohibited them to appear bare headed. And hence, according to Fejius, came their Denomination of Flamen, ws. from Filamen, of Fi- Utffi, Thread.

Tho' the Flamens all bore one Name; yet did not they constitute any thing of a Company or College. Each God had his feveral Sacrifices, Feafts, and Ceremonies a- part: Nor had one Flamen any relation to another ; only they were all fubordinate to the 'Pontifex Maximus. Aulus Gcllius affiires us, that they were created by the People in the Go- mitia of the Curia; : But the *Poattfex Maximus confecrated them. Their Fricfthood was perpetual; tho' on fome Oc- casions they might be depofed.

The Names of the feveral Bl&menS are as follow : The three oreat Flamcns, as already obferved, were the Flamen fBialis^ Flamen Martialis, and Flamen <$uirinalis. The twelve leffer were, the Flamen Carmentalis, ,or Pricft of the Goddefs Carmenta : Flamen Falacer, or Prieft of the God falacer; a Name, whofc Origin Varro obferves, is not known: Flamen Floralis, or of the Goddefs Flora : Flamen Furinal'iSy whofe Etymology is not known : Flamen Levjna- lis : Flamen Lucullaris : Flamen 'Palatualis, whom fome Moderns will have the Prieft of the Goddefs that preiided over the Palatium ; tho' Varro owns himfelf at a lofs for its Original : Flamen c Pomonalis, or of Pomona, Goddefs of Fruits : Flamen Virbialis, or of the God Virbhis, whom fome take for the fame with Hippolytus : Flamen Vulcana- lis, or of Vulcan ; and Flamen Volturualis, or of the God Voltumus.

They had alfo their Flamina or Flaminic<e, who were Wives of the Flamens, or the Priefteffes of the Deities. In an anticnt Marble, quoted by Gruter, p. CCCCLIX. ». p. the Word Flamina is ufed for Prieftefs : And in the fame Author, p. CCCVIII. n. 3. the Prieftefs of the Goddefs Pe- ronia is called FLAM. FERON. that is, Flamina, or Flaminica Fero?ii<e.

The Flamina bore the fame Ornament on her Head with the Flamen. She had alfo the fame Surname with her Huf- band • as Flamina fDialis, Martialis, &c.

FLAMMULA, or Flamula, in the Greek Militia un- «5er the Eaftcrn Empire, was a kind of Ornament, ferving as a Mark, or Badge, to diftinguiih the feveral Companies, Eatalions, Regiments, &c.

In Greek it was called $h&u.ovKw. The Flamula wasfome- times placed on the Caik; fometimes on the Cuirafs, and fometimes at the End or Tip of the Pike, &c.

The Emperor Maurice order'd, that the Flammultf of eachDivifion ftiould be of a different Colour, to diftingui/h them from the other Batalions or Brigades, yhj.fjxb.ti. Wru? fMigts 'iftby&a. uvai.

They ufed to lay afide the Flammula before an Engage- ment, left it fhould prove an Incumbrance. The Cavalry had alfo FlammuU on their Horfcs, to diftinguifh the Troops they belons?'d to.

FLANCH, Flanque, or Flasque, an Ordinary in Heraldry, form'd by an Arch- line, which begins at the Corners of the Chief, HI and ends intheBafeof theEfcutcheon : Thus, He beareth Ermin, two Flancbcs Vert. Flanches arc always born by Pairs. The Planch bends in more than the Flaik. Leigh makes Flanque and Flask two diftinct and fubor- dinate Bearings ; but Gibbon judicioufly makes them but one, which he calls Flanque.

FLAN EL, or Flannel, a kind of (light, loofe, woolen Stuff, not crofs'd, but very warm ; compos'd of a Woof, and Warp, and wove on a Loom, with two Tredles, after the Manner of Bays, g£c. See Bays.

FLANK, or Flanc, in the Manage, is applied to the Sides of Horfes Buttocks, &c.

In a (trier Senfe, the Flanks of a Horfe are the Extremes of the Belly, where the Ribs are wanting, and below the Loins.

The Flanks of a Horfe mould be full ; and at the Top of each, a Feather. The Diftance between the laft Rib, and Haunch Bone, which is properly the Flank, fhould be ihort ; which they term well-coupled : Such Horfes being moft hardy, and fit to endure Labour.

A Horfe is faid to have no Flank, if the laft of the ihort Ribs be at a considerable Diftance from the Haunch Bone ; as alfo when his Ribs are too much ftreighten'd in their Com pals.

Flank, in War, is ufed by way of Analogy, or Simili- tude, for the Side of a Batalion, Army, £&. in Contra-di- ftinftion to the Front and Rear.

To attack the Enemy in flank, is to difcover, and fire upon them on one Side.

The Enemy took us in Flank. The Flank of the Infan- try matt be cover'd with the Wings of the Cavalry,

Flank, in Fortification, is a Line, drawn from the Ex- tremity ot the Face, towards the Infide of the Work. Such is the Line B A Tab. Fortification. Fig. 1. Or, Flank is that Part of the Baftion, which reaches from the Courtin to the Face, and defends the oppofite Face the Flank, and the Courtin. See Bastion.

There is alio an Oblique, or Second Flank, which is that Part of the Courtin, where they can fee to fc our the Face of the oppofite Baftion, and is the Diftance between the Lines Razant, and Fitchant.

TheZow, Cover'd, or Retired Flank, is the Platform of the Cafemate, which lies hid in the Baition.

Simple Flanks, are Lines, going from the Angle of the Shoulder, to the Courtin ■ whofe chief Office is for De- fence of the Moat, and Place.

Flank of the Courtin, or Second Flank, is that Part of the Courtin between the Flank and the Point, where the Fitchant Line of Defence terminates.

Flank Fitchant is that from whence a Canon playing fireth its Bullets dire&ly in the Face of the oppofite Ba- ft ion.

Flank Razsnt is the Point, from whence the Line of Defence begins, from the Conjunction of which with the Courtin, the Shot only rafeth the Face of the next Baftion; which happens when theFace cannot bedifcover'd but from the Flank alone.

Retired Flank, or the Lower and Covert Flank, is that exterior Part thereof, which advanceth to fecure the inner- most ; which advanced Part, if it be rounded, is called the Orillon; fo that this Flank is only the Platform of the Cafemate, which lies hid in the Baftion.

Flank'd Jingle, is the Angle form'd by the two Faces of the Baftion, and which of courfe forms the Point of the Baftion. See Bastion.

Flank'd Tcnaille, call'd alfo double 'Tenaille. See Te-

NAILLE.

Flank'd, Flanque, is ufed by the French Heralds, to ex- prefs our Tarty per Saltire 5 t'hat is, when the Field is di- vided into four Parts, after the manner of an X.

Tho', Columbierc ufes the Term in another Senfe, which to us appears more natural, viz. for the taking of Flaiiki-ot rounding Sections out of the Sides of the Efcutcheonsj the firft from the Angles of it; the latter in ftrait Lines, forming an Angle at the Fefs, without making any Saltire.

FLANKING, in the general, is the Aft of difcovering and firing upon the Side of a Place, Body, Batalion, gjfe.

To flank a Place, is to difpofc a Baftion, or other Work in fuch manner, as that there ftiall be no Part of the Place, but what may be defended, /'. e. may be play'd on, both in Front, and Rear.

To flank a Wall with Towers. This Baftion is flank'd by the oppofite Flank, and a Half-Moon. This Horn- Work is flank'd by the Courtin.

Any Fortification that has no Defence but juft right for- wards, is faulty : And to render it compleat, one Part ought to be made to flank the other. Hence the Courtin is al- ways the ftrongeft Part of any Place, becaufe 'tis flank'd at each End. See Defence.

Batalions alfo are faid to be flank'd by the Wings of the Cavalry : And a Houfe is fometimes faid to be flank'd with two Pavillions, or two Galleries ; meaning it has a Gallery, &c. on each Side.

Flanking Line of ^Defence, fee Rasant Line of De- fence.

FLASK, FlAsque, a Bearing, more pro- perly called Flank, or Flanque. See Flank, FLATS, in Mufick, a kind of additional Notes, contriv'd, together with Sharps, to re- medy the Defects of Mufical Inftruments. See Sharp.

The Natural Scale of Mufick being limited to fix'd Sounds, and adjufted to an Inftru- ment; thelnftrument will be found defective in feveral Points : As particularly, in that we can only proceed from any Note, by one particular Order of Degrees; that for this Reafon we cannot find any Interval required from any Note or Letter upwards and downwards ; and that a Song may be fo contrived, as that if it be begun by any particular Note, or Letter, all the Intervals, or other Notes, mail be juftly found on the Inftrument, or in the fix'd Series ; yet were the Song begun with any other Note, we could not pro- ceed. See Scale.

To remove, or fupply this Defect, the Muficians have Recourfe to a Scale proceeding by twelve Degrees, that is, thirteen Notes, including the Extremes, to an Octave; which makes the Inftruments fo perfect, that there is but little to complain of. This, therefore, is the prefent Syftem or Scale for Inftruments, viz. betwixt the Extremes of every Tone of the Natural Scale is put a Note, which divides it into two

unequal