Page:Cyclopaedia, Chambers - Volume 1.djvu/794

 FIS

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FIS

Fishing Fly, a Bait ufed in Angling for divers kinds of Fifh. See Fish, and Fishing.

The Fly is either Natural, or Artificial. Natural Flics arc innumerable : The more ufual on this occafion arc the Dim-Fly, the Stone, or May-Fly, the Red- Fly, the Moor-Fly, the Ta-mty-Fly, the Vine-Fly, the Shell- Fly, the Cloudy and Stackifi-Fly, the Flag-Fly ; alfo Cater- pillars, Canker-Flies, Sear-Flics, &c. all which appear fooner or later, according to the Forwardnefs or Backwardness of the Spring. To know the particular Fly the Fifh moft co- vets, when you come in the Morning to the River-fide, beat the Bullies with your Rod, and take up what Variety you can of all forts of Flies; try them all, and you will quickly know which are in grcateft Efteem : Not but that they will Sometimes change their Fly, but it is only when they have olutted thoml'elvcs therewith.

There are two ways to filh with Natural Flies, either on the Surface of the Water, or a little underneath it.

In angling for Chevin, Roach, or Dace, move not your Natural Flie fwiftly, when you lee the Fifh make at it ; but rather let it glide freely towards him with the Stream : But if it be in a ttill and flow Water, draw the Fly flowly fide- ways by him, which will make him eagerly purfue.

For the Artificial Fly, 'tis feldom ufed but in bluftering Weather, when the Waters are fo troubled by the Winds, that the Natural Fly cannot be feen, nor reft upon them.

Of this Artificial Fly, there are reckon'd no lefs than twelve Sorts ; of which thefc are the principal.

1. The Dun-Fly, in March, made of Dun Wool, and the Feathers of a Partridge Wing. 2. A Dun-Fly, made of black Wool, and the Feathers of a black Drake; the Body made of the firft, and the Wings of the latter. 4 3. The Stone-Fly, in April, the Body made of black Wool,. dy'd yellow under the Wings, and Tail. 4. The Ruddy Fly, in the Beginning of May ; the Body made of red Wool, and bound about with black Silk, with the Feathers of a black Capon, which hang dangling on his Sides, next his Tail. 5. The Tello-~v, or Greenijh Fly, in June ; the Body made of black Wool, with a yellow Lift on either Side, and the Wings taken oft" the Wings of a Buzzard, bound with black broken Hemp. 6. The Moorifh Fly ; the Body made of dulkifli Wool, and the Wings with the blackifti Mail of a Drake. 7. 'fawny -Fly, till the Middle of June ; the Body made of tawny Wool, the Wings made contrary one againft the other, of the whitifti Mail of a white Drake. 8. The Waff -Fly, in July; the Body made of black Wool, caft about with yellow Silk, and the Wings of Drakcs-feathcrs. 9. The Steel-Fly, in the Middle of July ; the Body made of greenijh Wool, caft about with the Feathers of a Peacocks-tail, and the Wings made of Buzzards Wings. 10. The Drake-Fly, in Auguft; the Body made of black Wool, caft about with black Silk, his Wings of the Mail of a black Drake, with a black Head.

The beft Rules for Artificial Fly-Fifing, are

i°. To filh in a River fomewhat difturbed with Rain ; or in a cloudy Day, when the Waters are moved by a gentle Breeze : The South-wind is beft ; and if the Wind blow high, yet not fo, but that you may conveniently guard your Tackle, the Fifh will rife in plain Deeps ; but if the Wind be fmall, the beft Angling is in fwift Streams.

a°. Keep as far from the Water-fide as may be ; fi/h down the Stream, with the Sun at your Back, and touch not the Water with your Line.

3°. Ever angle in clear Rivers, with a fmall Fly, and flender Wings ; but in muddy Places ufe larger.

4 . When after Rain the Water becomes brownifh, ufe an Orange- Fly ; in a clear Day, a light colour'd Fly; a dark Fly for dark Waters, i$c.

5 . Let the Line be twice as long, as the Rod, unlefs the River be incumber'd with Wood.

6°. For every fort of Fly, have feveral of the fame, dif- fering in Colour, to fuit with the different Complexions of feveral Waters and Weathers.

7°. Have a nimble Eye, and aitive Hand, to ftrike pre- fently with the rifing of the Fifh 5 or elfe he will be apt to fpew out the Hook.

8". Let the Fly fall firft into the Water, and not the Line, which will fcare the Fifh.

g°. In flow Rivers, or ftill Places, caft the Fly crofs over the River, and let it fink a little in the Water, and draw it gently back with the Current.

Salmon-Flies fhould be made with their Wings ftanding, 'one behind the other, whether two, or four. That Fifh delights in the gawdieft Colours that can be ; chiefly in the W'ings, which muft be long, as well as the Tail.

Fishing Floats, are little Appendages to the Line, ferv- ing to keep the Hook and Bait fufpended at the proper Depth, to difcover when the Fifh has hold of them, &c.

Of thefe are divers Kinds ; fome made ofMufcovy Duck- quills, which are the beft for flow Waters ; but for ftrong Streams, found Cork, without Flaws or Holes, bored thro'

with an hot Iron, into which is put a Quill of a fit Propor- tion, is preferable : Pare the Cork to a pyramidal Form, and grind it fmoofh.

Fishing Hook, a little Engine, of Steel Wire, of a pro- per Form to catch and retain Fifh. See Hook.

The Fifhing Hook, in general, ought to be long in the Shank, fomewhat thick in the Circumference, the Point even, and ftraight ; let the Bending be in the Shank.

For fetting the Hook on, ufe ftrong, but fmall Silk, lay- ing the Hair on the Infide of your Hook ; for if it be on the Outfidc, the Silk will fret and cut it afunder.

There are feveral Sizes of thefe Fifhing Hooks, fome big, fome little, and of thefe fome have peculiar Names ; as,

1. Single Hooks. 1. Double Hooks, which have two Ben- dings, one contrary to the other. 3. Snappers, or Gorgers, which are Hooks to whip the Artificial Fly upon, or to bait with the Natural Fly. 4. Springers, or Spring Hooks, a kind of doable Hooks, with a Spring, which flies open, be- ing ftruck into any Fifh, and fo keeps its Mouth open.

Fishing Rod, a long, flender Rod, or Wand, to which the Line is faften'd, for Angling. — —

Of thefe there are feveral Sorts ; as,

1. A Trailer, or Trolling Rod, which has a Ring at the End of the Rod, for the Line to go through, when it runs off a Reel. 1. AlVhipper, or Whipping Rod, aTopRod, that is weak in the Middle, and top-heavy, but all flender and fine. 3. -frDopper, which is a ftrong Rod, and very light. 4. A Snapper, or Snap Rod, that is a ftrong Pole, peculiar for a Pike. 5. A 'Bottom Rod, being the fame as the Dcpper, but fomewhat more pliable. 6. A Sniggling, or broking Slick, a forked Stick, having a fhort ftrong Line, with a Needle, baited with a Lob-worm : This is only for Eels in their Holes. See Angling, ccc.

Fishing VeJJels, or thole ufed in the feveral Fifheries at Sea, or on the Coafts, are the

Bufle. Coble. Cock. Dogger. Driver. Eel Boat. Euar Boat. Flybote.

Fluit. Hocker. North Sea Boat. Peter Boat. Smack. Strand Boat. Trawler. Trinker.

FISSURE, Fissuka, in Chirurgery; A Cleft or Crack in a Bone: Or, a longitudinal Fraflure of a Bone: Or, a Solution of the Continuity of a Bone, whereby it is only cloven, or crack'd. See Fracture.

Fijpures are of two Kinds : The one apparent, by the Greeks called payfiv, or ?'»£/<■ ; and by the Latins, Scijfura : The other fo fmall, as not to be vifible, called tux"P&, or rteyjzzH' Capillary ; as refembling a Thread.

The Caufes of Fiffiires are Falls, Leaps, and Contufions of the Parts againft hard Bodies. See Bone.

FifT'lres, especially in the Cranium, either happen on the Part the Stroke was given on ; or on the oppofite Part : That on the oppofite Part is called Counter-Fi/fure, or Counter- Cleft, by the Greeks aTvyjifi-a.; and the Latins, Refonatio.

Old Men are more fubjefl to Fijfures, than young ones ; by reafon their Bones are drier.

Fifpures are difficult to find; but the eafieft cured of all Fractures : Tho', if they be not known, or be neglected, they bring on Ulcers, and Caries's ; and in fuch Cafe he- come dangerous; fo that there is frequently a NecefEty of having Recourfe to an Amputation of the Member.

The Signs of a Fi/fure of the Cranium, are bilious Vo- mitings ; Vertigo ; Flux of Blood at the Mouth, or Nofe ; Dumbnefs; Delirium, £?c. If there be any Fijfurc in the Scull, the Patient will feel a Pain in the Place, upon hold- ing a String between his Teeth, while the Chirurgeon pulls it ftrongly.

In fuch Cafes 'tis frequently neceflary to perforate the Cranium, to give Vent for the Blood and Sanies.

FISTULA, in the antient Mufick, An Inflrument, of the Wind kind, refembling our Flute, or Flageolot. See Flute.

The principal Wind Inftruments of the Antients, are the Tibia, and Fiftula : Tho' how thefe were conftituted ; or wherein they differ'd ; or how they were play'd on, does not appear. All we know, is that the Fiftula was at firft made of Reeds, and afterwards of other Matters. Some had Holes ; fome none : Some again were fingle Pipes ; o- thers a Combination of feveral; Witnefs theSyringa of3>a». See Tibia.

Fistula, in Medicine, A deep, winding, callous, caver- nous Ulcer, with a narrow Entrance, but opening thence into a fpacious Bottom ; and generally yielding a fharp, virulent Matter.

Fiftula's differ from winding :Ulcers in this, that the former are callous, and the latter not. See Ulcer.

They