Page:Cyclopaedia, Chambers - Volume 1.djvu/778

 FIL

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FIL

iThcrc are five kinds of thefe Filanders, or Vermiculi.

The firft, in the Gorge, or Throat ; the fecond, in the • feelly; the third, in the Reins ; the fourth, are called Nee- dles, on account of their exceeding Finenefs. The Symp- toms that difcover the Difeafe, are, the Bird's gaping fre- quently; draining the Fift or Perch with her Pounces 5 croaking in the Night j ruffling her Train; rubbing her Eyes, Wings, Nollrils, &.c.

As the Worms are very reftlefs, the Bird is frequently endeavouring to caft them up; and in opening his Mouth you will readily difcover them. From the Throat, &c. they will afcend to the Larynx, Brain, &c. and over over the whole Body.

The ordinary Caufe is bad Food. The Cure is, not by killing them, tor fear of Impofthumes from their Corrup- tion j bur chiefly by ftupifying them, that they may be of- fensive but feldom.

This is bell effected by making the Bird fwallow a Clove of Garlick, after which flie'Jl feel nothing of the Filanders for forty Days. Others ufe Rue, Worm-powder, Aloes, Vervain, Saffron, &c.

The Word is form'd of the French Filanders, of Fil, Thread.

FILAZER (from the French Fil, a Thread, Line, or String) is an Officer in the Court of Common Pleas, lb called, becaufe he files the Writs, whereon he makes out Procefs. Of thefe there are fourteen, in the feveral Divi- iions and Counties.

They make out all Writs, and ^Procefs upon original Writs, iifuing out of the Chancery, as well real, as perlonal and mix'd, returnable in that Court. See Writ, &c.

In Actions merely perfonal, where the Defendants are return'd fummon'd, they make out Tone's or Attachments $ which being return'd and executed, if the Defendant ap- pears not, they make out a Diftringas, and fo Ad infinitum t or till he does appear. See Distp-ingas, &c.

If he be return'd Nihil, then Procefs of Capias infinite, if the Plaintiff will; or after the third Capias, the Plaintiff may proceed to Outlawry, in the County where his Original is grounded, and'have an Exigent with Proclamation.

The Filazers likewife make out all Writs of "View in real Actions, where the View is prayed ; and upon Replevins or Recordare's, Writs of Retorno habendo, fecond Deli- verance, and Writ of Withernam. In real Actions, Writs of Grand and Petit Cape before Appearance.

They enter all Appearances, and fpecial Bails, upon any Procefs made by them. They make the firft Scire Facias upon Special Bails, Writs of Habeas Corpus, Diftringas nu- per Vice-Comitem. vel Balivum, and Duces tecum; and all Supcrfcdeas's upon Special Bail or Appearance, &c. Writs of Habeas Corpus cum Caufa upon the Sheriffs re- turn, that the Defendant is detained with other Actions, Writs of Adjournment of a Farm, in cafe of Peftilence, War, or publick Difturbance. Till an Order of Court made 14 Jac. which limited the Filazers to all Matters and Pro- ceedings before Appearance, and the Prothonotaries to all after, they alio enter'd Declarations, Imparlances, Judg- ments, and Pleas, whereto a Serjeant's Hand was not re- quifite, and made out Writs of Execution, and divers other Judicial Writs after Apperance.

FILBERDS, the bell fort of fmall Nuts, worth plant- ing in Orchards, or Gardens. See Nut.

They arc railed from Nuts fet in the Earth, er Suckers from the Roots of an old Tree ; or may be grafted on the common Hazle Nut.

They delight in a fine, mellow, light Ground, but will grow aim oft any where, efpccially if defended from violent and cold Winds.

The Tree is eafily propagated, bears well, and is of two forts, the White, and the Red ; but the former is the beft.

FILE, an Inftrumcnt of Steel, cut in little Hatches, or Furrows; ufed by the Workmen in Metals, to fmooth, po-

lifh and famion the fame. Files bear a near Refem-

blance io Rafps : The only Difference between them, is, that the former arc cut with Edge Tools ; and the latter punch'd with pointed ones. See Rasp.

The File is a principal Inftrument in all the Kinds and Parts of Smithery.

It Jhould be forged of the beft Steel \ after which rub- bing it with Greafe, to make it more foft under the Chif- fel, they cat it with Chiffels and a Mallet, this and that way, and this or that Depth, according to the Grain or Tooth required. After cutting the File, it remains to be tem- fcfd-^ which being the principal Myftery in the making of FHes 4 will deferve to be particularly defcribed.

Files, then, are temper'd with a Compofition of Chimney Sooth, very dry, and hard, diluted and work'd up with Urine and Vinegar; to which is added common Salt: The whole being to be reduced to the Confidence of Muftard.

Now, the Files being cut, and rubb'd over with Vinegar and Salt, to icour off the Greafe laid on it for the cutting, thsy cover them over with this Compofition - 3 and having

laid feveral of them together in a Packet, and coverM them in Loam, they put them in a Charcoal Fire : Out of which they are taken out again, by that Time they have acquired a Cherry Colour, which is known by a little Rod of the fame Steel, put in along with them. Upon raking them out, they caft them into the coldeft Spring Water they can get.

Iron Files require a more intenfe Heat, than Steel ones. When the Files are cold, they clean them with Charcoal, a Rag,£S^. to take away any of the Soot or Fasces left in, the Cuttings : Then drying them before the Fii-e, they put them up carefully in a Box of Wheat Bran, to keep them from rufting.

Files are of different Forms, according to the different Occafions : Thofe in common ufe are the Square, Flat y Triangular, Half-round, Round, 'Thin File, &c. all which are made of different Sizes, as well as different Cuts, and Degrees of Finenefs, to take place, according as the Work is more or lefs advanced : Some cutting rafter, as the rough toothed File, &c. others more ilowly, as the fine toot Fd File, &c. See Filing.

File, is alfo a Thread or Wire, whereon Writs, or other

Exhibits in Courts, or Offices are faften'd, properly called

Filed, for the more fafe keeping them.

1 ■■ - 1 File, or Label, in Heraldry, a bear-

[r It ; ing of thisForm; tho 5 fometimesof more,

J \ ) \ }_ \ and fometimes of fewer Points.

It is fometimes born as a Charge in a Coat of Armour, of which Guilltra gives many Inftances : But it is ufually the Difference or Mark of Diftinftion, ■which the elder Brother bears in his Coat, during his Fa- thers Life. See Difference.

Some diftinguifh File, and Label, calling the File the upper horizontal Line, and the Label the Point, that iffues from it. See Label.

File of three or more Labels^ fee Label.

File in a Military Senfe, is a Row of Men ftanding one behind, or below another from Front to Rear.

Or File, in War, is a Line or Series of Soldiers, placed one before another ; and thus compofing the Depth of a Bat- tallion, which in the Infantry ordinarily confifts of fix Sol- diers in a File ; and in the Cavalry, of three.

They fay, Clofe the Files t that is, bring the Men nearer each other : ^Double the Files, i. e. Double the Depth of the Batallion; and diminifti its Breadth, or Front by one half. The laft or hindmoft Perfon is faid to bring up the File.

The Word is Fre?2ch, File literally fignifying a long Se- ries or Succeftlon of any kind of Things, of Fil, Thread.

FILIAL, fomething belonging to the Relation of Son. See Son.

The Divines ufually diftinguifh between a Servile, and a Filial Fear. The mod abandon'd may have a fervile Fear of God, fuch as that of a Slave to his Mafter; but not a Filial Fear, i. e. a Fear refulting from Love and Refpect.

FILLIGRANE, or, as fome call it, Filligram, or Filligrean, a kind of Enrichment on Gold, or Silver, wrought delicately in manner of little Threads, or Grains, or both, intermix'd.

In Latin it is called FUatim elaboration opus, argentum t aurnm. This Cabinet is furnifh'd with divers fine Pieces of Filligrean Work. Vales, Torches, $?>c. of Filligrean Work.

The Word is a Compound of Fil, or FUitm, Thread, and Granum, Grain.

FILING, one of the principal Operations in Smithery, £fc. fucceeding to Forging. See File.

The coarfer Cut Files are always to be fucceeded by finer • and in al! the Kinds the Rule is, to lean heavy on the File in thrufting it forward, becaufe the Teeth of the File are made to cut forwards : But in drawing the File back again for a fecond Stroak, it is to be lightly lifted juft above the Work, by reafon it cuts not coming back.

The rough, or coarfe-tooth'd File (which, when large, is called a Rubber) ferves to take off the Unevenneffes of the Work, left by the Hammer, in Forging. Sec Forg- ing.

The baJiard-tootFd File is to take out the too deep Cuts, and File Strokes made by the rough File.- The fine-tooth' 'd File takes out the Cuts, or File Strokes the Baftard File made. And the fmooth File thofe left by the fine File.

In this Order the Files of feveral Cuts are to fucceed each other, till the Work is as fmooth as it can be filed. After which it may be made yet fmoother with Emery, Tripoli, &c. See Polishing.

FILIUS ante <Patrem, q. d. The Sen before the Father, a Phrafe applied by Botaniirs and Florifts, to Plants, whofe Flowers come out before their Leaves.

FILLET, in Anatomy, is the Extremity of the membra- nous Ligament under the Tongue, more ufually called the Fr<enum, or Bridle. See Frenum.

Fillet, in Botany, is underftood of thofe Threads ufual- ly found in the middle of Flowers ; as in the Lilly, Tulip, Rofe, gfc. There