Page:Cyclopaedia, Chambers - Volume 1.djvu/772

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ing, caufcd by the Oppreffion of the Spirits. When the Difeafe becomes of a very old {landing, it fometimcs degenerates into other very fatal ones.

As to the Cure, 'tis found by abundant Obfervations, that neither Bleeding, nor Emeticks, nor Catharticks, nor any other Remedy, adminifter'd during the Fit, avail anything. A juft Dole oiVinum BenediBum, three Hours before the Paroxyfm, Morton aflures us, has often cured it : Antimo- u'mm 'Diapboreticum, a little before the Paroxyfm, has the like Effect. : And Salt of Wormwood is commended on the fame Occafion. DoUm mentions Lapis Laz-ali taken in Spirit of Wine before the Pit, is admirable.

And feveral Bitters, as Carduus Bencdictus, Gentian Root, Camomile Flowers, Pulvis Febrifugus, i£c. were much valued before the Invention of the Cortex Peruv. But that Bark has almoft thrown them allfout ofufe; being by the univerfal Confent of allPhyficians allowed a Pi- anacea, or Specifick for all intermitting Fevers, on all Sea- fons, Ages, and Conllitutions. See Cortex 'Peruvianus; fee alfo Febrifuge.

Intermitting Fevers are of divers kinds, as the Quotidian. Fever, where the Paroxyfm returns every Day.

Double Quotidian, which returns twice in twenty four Hours.

Tertian Fever, which only returns every other Day; which again is, either Legitimate, or Spurious.

The Legitimate Tertian only holds twelve Hours, and is followed by an abfolute Intermiffion.

The Spurious Tertian exceeds twelve Hours, and fome- timcs holds 18, or. 20.

The Double Tertian is that which returns twice every other Day. The Word Double Tertian is alfo ufed, where the Fever returns every Day, like a Quotidian ; only at different times of the Day; the third Fit anfwering to the Time of the firft ; the fourth to that of the iecond, &c.

The Quartan Fever is that which only returns every fourth Day ; leaving two Days Intermiffion between every two Fits.

The Double Quartan is that which has two Fits every fourth Day. The fame Name is given to a Fever, which returns two Days fucceffively ; only leaving one Day's Inter- miffion.

Triple Quartan Fever is that which has three Fits every fourth Day : Or that which returns every day like a Quo- tidian, only at different Seafons of the Day ; the fourth Fit anfwering to the Time of the firft ; the fifth to the fc- cond, £S?c.

There are alfo intermitting Fevers, which only return every fifth Day, or every Jtxth, or every feventh, and at other Intervals.

Laftly, there are fome extraordinary Species of Fevers, not reducible to any of the forementioncd Claries; as Ma- lignant, Eruptive, and Peftilential Fevers.

Malignant Fevers arc thofe, wherein the ufual, regular Symptoms do not appear (Nature being opprefs'd with the Malignity of the febrile Matter) but other foreign Symp- toms arifc ; as a Pain about the Stomach, and Prcecordia ; a livid Complexion, with the Face much disfigur'd, ($c. Sometimes Efflorefcences on the Skin, &c.

Some Authors, from microfcopical Obfervations affirm, that in all malignant Fevers the Blood is fo corrupted, that Swarms of little Worms are generated therein, which occa- fion mod of the Symptoms,

In all malignant Fevers the Blood is too fluid. Blood- letting has here no Place: Vomitories do well at firft ; af- terwards Sudorificks and Alexipharmachicks : Blifters are commended in the Progrefs of the Difeafe.

Eruptive Fevers are thofe, which befide the Symptoms common to other Fevers, have their Crifes attended with cutaneous Eruptions. Such are thofe of the fmall Pox, Meazles, Petechia;, the Purple or Scarlet Fever, and Miliary Fever: Their other Symptoms are, a grievous Op- preffion of the Brcaft ; laborious, fhort Breadth, obftinate Waking; Spafms, foar Throat, Cough, (gc. See Petechia, Small-Pox, Meazles, and Miliary Fever.

'Pejiilential Fevers, are acute, contageous, and mortal Difeafes. Some will have the Fever to be the Difeafe or Plague it (elf: Others only account it a Symptom of the Plague. See Pleacue.

^Petechial Fever, is a malignant Fever, wherein, befide the other Symptoms, on the fourth, or more frequently the feventh Day, Wetechia, or red Spots, like Fleabites,"appear, chiefly on the Bread, Shoulders, and Abdomen. The Spots afterwards turn paler, then yellow, and fo difappcar. When they grow livid, or black, they ufually prove fatal.

This Fever is contagious, and often Epidemical. It is treated much as thofe juft mentioned.

FEUILLANS, an Order of Religious, doathed in White, and going bare-foot; who live under the ftrict Obfervance of the Rule of St. Bernard. See Bernardines. The Name was occafioned by a»Reform of the Order of

Bernardines, firft made in the Abby of Feuillans, a Village in France, five Leagues diftant from Tboloufe, by theSieur 'Barriere, who was Abbot thereof in 1589.

It was approved of by Pope Sixtus V. And the Popes Clement VIII. and 'Paul V. granted it its particular Supe- riors. King Henry II. founded a Convent of Feuillans in the Fauxbourg, St. Honorius at 'Paris.

There are alfo Monafteries of Nuns, who follow the fame Reform, called Feuillantines.

FEUILLE de Scie, in Heraldry, exprefTes that an Or- dinary, as a Feffe, Pale, or the like, is indented only on one Side ; in regard it then looks like a Savj, as the French Phrafe imports. Sec Indented.

FEWEL, or Fuel, in Philofophy, the 'Pabulum of Fire, or whatever receives, and retains Fire, and is csnlumed, or render'd infenfible thereby. See Fire.

Pure Fire, if left to it felf, would difperfe, and difappear: To preferve it, it is neceffary there be fome Fuel, to fu- ftain, and keep it together.

The only proper Fuel, known in all Nature, is Oil, com- monly called Sulphur: And all Bodies, whether vegetable, foffil, or animal, are only inflammable, as they contain Oil in them.

Oil feeds and fuftains Fire by virtue of its ramofe, tena- cious Particles, which are difpofed to be put into a moft vehement, rotatory Motion, before they will let each other go. But, by this rotatory Motion the Fire at length breaks and comminutes the ramofe Particles of the Fuel j till, ceafing to cohere, they are no longer able to iuftain the Fire.

In the popular Senfe of rhe Word, Fenzel is any Body, which contains this Pabulum, or Oil, in fuch Quantity, as to fit them for culinary Ufes.

Such i°, Are dry, or green Vegetables ; efpecially thole abounding in Oil ; as the rofinous, and balfamick Woods.

2^, Foffil Coals, whether vegetable, or animal ; as being little elfe, but the oily Part of the Vegetable, or ani- mal, purged of the Salt, Water, tfc. fo that the blacker they are, the better.

3, Foffil, and bituminous Earths, as Turf, and .feat, which are a fatty Earth, dug out of the Ground.

4, All mineral Sulphur, whether pure, or mix d with Earth, Stone, &c.

5, The Fat and Dungs of Animals dried.

And 6°, The Produflions of Chymiftry, which are either Coals, or Oil, or oily Bodies; as, inflammable Spirit^ pro- duced by Fermentation, Putrifaflion, i$c. See Coal, Turf, &C.

FIBRA Juris, fee Ear. .

FIBRE, in Anatomy, a fimilar Part of the animal Body, called alfo Filament ; and when very fmall, Fibnlla, or Capillament. See Capillament. _

A Fibre is a long, flender Thread ; which being vanoufly interwove, or wound up, forms the various folid Parts of an animal Body ; fo that Fibres are the Stamen, or Matter of the Animal. See Solid, and Stamen.

Anatomifts ufually diftinguifh four kinds of Fibres, viz. Carnous, or Flefby ; Nervous ; Tendinous ; and Offeotts, or Bony ; of one or other of which all the other Parts con- fift. See Flesh, Nerve, Tendon, Bone, Muscle, and Sensation. .

Fibres again are divided, with refpect to their Situa- tion, into DireB or Longitudinal, which proceed in right Lines ; Tranfverfe, which cut, or go a-crofs the former, ar right Angles : And Oblique, which interfefl, or crofs them at unequal Angles.

Some Anatomifts reduce rhe animal Fibres to two Species, viz. Mufadar, or Motive ; and Nervous, or Senfitive.

The Nervous Fibres are the minute Threads, whereof the Nerves are compofed. They arife from the Medulla of the Brain; as that does from the Cortex; and that again from the laft, fineft Ramifications of the carotid and ver- tebral Arteries: So it is probable, thefe Nerves are only Continuations of thofe Arteries. See Brain.

From every Point of the Cortex there arifes a fine, me- dullary Fibritta, which uniting in their Progrefs form the Medulla of the Cerebrum, Cerebellum, and Oblongata; and Fibrillin arifing from each Point of thefe again, iorm the fpinal Marrow. See Medulla.

From the medullary Subftance of all thefe larts arile Nerves ; which are Combinations or Aflemblages of a. Number of thefe minute medullary Fibres inclofed, after they are got out of the Cranium in a common Membrane, or Coat from the Pia mater : And 'tis probable, that to each Nerve, there concur Fibres from all three ; as alfo that thefe Fibres are fo many fine hollow Tubuli or Canals, for the Conveyance of a fine Juice or Spirit from .the Btain throughout the Body. See Nep.ve.

The Mufiular Fibres are thole whereof the Mulcles,

orflefhv Part the Body are compofed. Every Mufcle is

divifible into other lefs ones; and thele into others, ttill

lefs, beyond all Imagination. The laft and fmalleft are the

' mulcular