Page:Cyclopaedia, Chambers - Volume 1.djvu/770

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FEV

Feftoons, or Garlands, were alfo put on the Heads of Victims in the antient heathen Sacrifices. St. VPatilinus, in his Poem on St. Felix, does not forget the Feftoons and Crowns of Flowers, plac'd at the Door of the Church, and on the Tomb of that Saint. See Garland.

The Italians have a fort of Artificers, called Feflaroli, whofe Office is, to make Feftoons and other Decorations for Feafls.

The Word is French* Fefton form'd of the Latin Fe- fturn, Feaft.

Festoon, in Architecture, Sculpture, &c. A Decoration ufed by Architects, Painters, Joyners, £5?c. to enrich their refpeclive Works.

It confifts of a String, or Collar of Flowers, Fruits, and Leaves tied together, fomewhat biggefl: in the Middle, and fufpended by the two Extremes j from which, befide the main Part which falls down in an Arch, two lefTer Parts hang perpendicularly,

This Ornament is made in Imitation of the Feftoons* or long Clufters of Flowers, plac'd by the Antients on the Doors of their Temples, £S?c. on feftival Occafions.

Feftoons are now chiefly ufed in Freezes, and other va- cant Places, required to be filled up, and adorn'd.

FESTUM, fee Feast.

In our Law Books, Feftum is alfo frequently ufed for a general Court; in regard fuch were antiently always kept on the Great Feftivals of the Year. Thus, in our Chroni- cles we read, that in fuch a Tear the King kept his Fe- ftum at Winchefter, Sec. that is, he kept a Court there at that Time. Rex apud Winton. maximum Feftum ££? Con- vivium celebravit, tempore Natalis 2)omim t convocatis ibidem 'Principibus & Baronibtis totins Regni.

F^T-Lock, in the Manage, the Hair that grows behind on a Horfes Foot : Hence, the Joint where it grows, is called the Fetloch Joint.

FETUS, fee Foetus.

FEUD, or Feude, Feodum, is the fame with Fief, or Fee. See Fee.

Feud is alfo ufed in our antient Cuftoms, or a capital Quarrel, or Enmity, called alfo Feed, or Feeth.

Feud, or Feed, called alfo Feida, and Faida, in the ori- ginal German fignifies Guerram, i. e. Sellum, War.

Lambart writes it Feeth, and faith, it fignifies Capitales inimicitias.

In Scotland, and the North of England^ Feud is parti- cularly ufed for a Combination of Kindred, to revenge the Death of any of their Elood againfl the Killer and all his Race, or any other great Enemy.

FEUDAL, or Feodal, of, or belonging to a Feud, or Fee. See Fee.

A Feudal Lord, in default of Fealty and Homage from his Vaffal, may feize the Fruits of the Fee. A FeudalMat- ter: Feudal Jurifprudence : i-'t??^/ Seifure.

A Neapolitan Lawyer, called Caravita, has not long ago publifh'd a Latin Treatife of the Feudal Laiv, entitled,
 * Pr<£lecliones Feodales.

When once the Ufe of Fees was thoroughly eftablifh'd in France, they would need extend it much further: And al- moft all the great Offices of the Crown thus became Feu- dal ■? even the Courts of Juftice were drawn in; in order to which they were annex'd to certain Lands, or Revenues,

The Defign of thefe Infeodations was to render the Of- fices hereditary, after the manner of Fees, which were now become fo. Thus the Offices of Grand Chamberlain, Grand Butler, &c. came to be held by hereditary Right.

FEUDATARY, a fagot, or Perfon who holds of a Su- perior in Fee, i. e. on condition of yielding Fealty and Ho- mage, or other Service. See Fee.

The Electors, Princes, and free Cities of Germany are all Fcudataries of the Emperor. See Emperor, Elec- tor, %$c

Fa. ^Daniel obferves, that Charles VII. forbad the Count d'Armignac to call himfelf in his Titles, by the Grace of God Count d'Armignac 5 fuch Terms, which feem to exclude all Dependance, except on God, being an Innovation, pre- judicial to the Right of the Sovcraign, and which had ne- ver been allowed to any Duke, or Count, who was a Feu- datary of any Crown. Hiftoire de France, T.II. p. n6z.

FEUDBOTE, a Recommence, for engaging in a Feud, or Faction, and for the Damages confequent therein ; it having been the Cuftom of antient times for all the Kin- dred to engage in their Kinfmens Quarrels, according to that of 'Tacitus de Afor/b. Germanor. Sufcipere tarn Ini- micitias feu patris, feu propinqui quam amicitias neceffe eft.

FEUDIST, a Lawyer, or Doctor learned, or much con- verfant about Feuds, or Fees.

1)u Moulin is reckon 'd a Great Fevdiji.

FEVER, Febris, in Medicine, a Difeafe, or rather Spe- cies, cr Clafs of Difeafes ; it being an Obfervation of Syden- ham, thitfc Fevers with their Appendages, make two Thirds of all the Difeafes of the Body. See Diseasei

This Diforder is very differently defined by Ph'yficians, according to the different Views and Relations they confi- der it in.

Sydenham defines it a ffrcnuous Endeavour or Effort of Nature, to throw off fome morbific Matter, that greatly incommodes the Body.

Etmuller, with the fame View, calls it a Motion, or Stru- gle of Nature, whereby with the Afliftance of the Spirits, more or lefs alter'd, flie feeks to expell what is hurtlul to the animal Oeconomy.

§>uincy defines it an augmented Velocity of the Blood : Others, a Fermentation of the Blood, accompanied with a quick Pulfe, and excefflve Heat.

The Caufes of Fevers ate innumerable; and the Difeafij even often arifes in the foundeit Bodies, where there was no previous morbific Apparatus ; as Cacochymia, Pletho- ra, £?c. But merely from a Change of Air, Food, or other Alteration in the Non-naturals.

A Fever, Scerhave obferves, is an infeparable Companion of an Inflammation.

The Symptoms are many: Every\F««r arifing from any in- ternal Caufe, is attended with a quick Pulfe and unulual Heat, at different Times, and in different Degrees. Where thele are intenfe, the Fever is acute ; where remifs, 'flow. The Difeafe begins almofl always with a Senle of Chilnefs; and in its Progrefs is chiefly diftinguifh'd by the Velocity of the Pulfe : So that a too quick Contraftion of the Heart, with an increafed Refiftence or Impulfe againfl the Capil- laries, furniflies the proper Idea of a Fever; and he Health of the Patient is the fcope Nature chiefly aims at in the Difeafe.

The other attendant Symptoms are ufually a laborious and difturb'd Refpiration ; an uniform, high colour'd Urine; a Parchednefs and Drynefs of the Tongue, Mouth, {gc. a Clamminefs of the Saliva; Thirft; Wakefulnefs; and Nau- fea againfl: every thing but thin diluting Liquors.

From thefe Symptom, Dr. Morgan, our lateft Writer on that Subject, lays it down as a Principle, that in every Fe- ver, there is a general Olflrutlion, and 'Diminution of the glandular Secretions-, th.t is, a great Part of the Lymph, or Serum of the Blood, which ought to be continually drain'd off by the Glands, is, during the Fever, fo retain'd in, and clofely united to the Mafs, that it circulates together with it in the Veins and Arteries. This he endeavours to prove to be the State and Condition of the Blood in the Pro- duction of a fee;-, by accounting for all the above men- tioned Phienomt-ns from it, as the juft and adequate Ef- fefls of fuch a Caufe. How he does it, fee in his 1>hilof. tPrinc. of Med. p. 207,^.

The general Indication in the Cure of Fevers, is, to re- flrain the Commotion of the Blood, with in the Bounds agreeable to the End, Nature had in railing it, i. e. neither to let it rife too high, for fear of the Confequence ; nor yet keep it too low, for fear of fruftrating the Endeavour of Natute. And hence the Rule and Meafure of letting more, or lefs Blood, or none at all.

The Cure of Fevers, Soerhave fummarily comprehends in correcting the Jharp, irritating febrile Matter, diffolving the Lentor, and mitigating the Symptoms. If Nature feem to carry the Fever too high, it mull be modetated by Abffinence, thin Diet, drinking of Water, bleeding and cooling Clyfmas : If file bring it on too flowly, it muff be excited by Cardiacs, Aromaticks, Volatiles, S?c. The Caufe removed, the Symptoms ceafe of courfe ; and if they can be bore without much Danger of Life, it were beft not to enter into any particular Cure thereof : If they be unfea- fonable, or too fevere, they are each to be abated with the proper Remedies.

Sydenham recommends an Emetick in the Beginning of a Fever; or if it have been then omitted, in any other Stage thereof; efpecially where there is a Propenfity to Vomiting: For want of this, a Diarrhea frequently fucceeds, which is exceedingly dangerous. After this, he ufes a Pa- regorick ; and the following Days, if there be no Indication to repeat the Venasfect ion, nor any Diarrhea, he prefcribes every other Day an Enema, till the twelfth Day, when Matters coming to a Crifis, he has Recourfe to hotter Me- dicines, in order to promote and accelerate it. He adds, that if the Difeafe proceed well, and the Fermentation be laudable, there is no occafion for any Phyfick at all. About the 1 5'" Day, if the Urine be found to.feparate, and give a Sediment; and the Symptoms be abated, a Cathartick is ufually order'd, lcfl the Sediment returning into the Blood again, occafion a Relapfe. Nothing cools the Patient, and abates the Fever fo much, as a Cathartick after Vens- fecfion.

The more acute the Fever, the thinner, according to Etmuller, mufl be the Diet. 'Tis no matter, if the Pa- tient ihould fait for feveral Days running ; for never did feverifh Perfon3 die of Hunger: Eating, always exafperates the Difeafe. Vomitories, he allows the principal Place in the Cute of all Fevers ; but, as a Patron of the hot Regi- men,