Page:Cyclopaedia, Chambers - Volume 1.djvu/77

 ADD

(V)

ADD

vie. i. is to be written, and the other i, referred in _your Mind to he added to the next Row, i and ; : then lay, I and i makes i, which added to 3 make 5 i this write un- derneath, and there will remain only 1, the firft Figure ot the upper Row of Numbers, which alfo muft be writ under- neath ; and thus you have the whole Sum, viz. 1519' ,

So, to add the Kumbers 87899+1 3A03+88 5+19*0 »nt° ene Sum, write them one under another, fo as all the Units make one Column, the Tens another, the Hundreds a third, and the Places of Thoufands a fourth, and io on.— Then fay, 5 and 3 make 8, and 8+9 make 17 j wrI,6 J underneath, and the 1 add to the next Rank ; faying .and 8 make 9, 9+* make 11, and 1 1+9 make 20 ; and hav- ing writ the ounderneaih, fay again, 2 and 8 make IO, and 10+9 make 19, and 19+4 make «, and 23+8 make 31 ; then, referving 5, write down r as before, and lay again, 5+1 make 4, 4+3 make 7, and ,7+7 make 87899 14, wherefore write 4 underneath ; and laftly, fay I34°3 1+1 make *, and 2+8 make .0, which m the 1920

laft Place write down, and you will have the Sum »»_?

of them all. 104107

Audition of Numbers of different denominations, for inftance, of Pounds, Shillings, and Pence, is perform d by adding or fumming up each Denomination by it lelf, always beginning with the lowed ; and if after the Addition, there be enough to make one of the next higher Denomination, for inftance, Pence enough to make one or more Shillings ; they muft be added to the Figures of that Denomination, that is, to the Shillings ; only referving the odd remaining Pence to be put down in the Place of Pence.— And the lame Rule is to be obferv'd in Shillings, with regard to Pounds.

For an inftance, 5 Pence and 9 Pence make 14 Pence ; now in 14 there is once 12, or a Shilling, and two re- maining Pence ; the Pence, fet down ; and referve 1 Shil- ling to be added to the next Column, which ; f ^ confilts of Shillings. Then 1 and 8 and 2 ^ Q j p and 5 make 16 : the 6 put down, and carry 6J rJ ? the 1 to the Column of Tens ; 1 and 1 and „ 8 o

1 make three Tens of Shillings, or 30 Shil- r ,

lings; in 30 Shillings there is once 20 Shil- l6 z

lings, or a Pound, and 10 over : write one in the Column of Tens of Shillings, and carry 1 to the Co- lumn of Pounds; and continue the Addition of Pounds, ac- cording to the former Rules.

Addition of 'Decimals, is perform'd after the latne manner as that of Whole Numbers ; as may be feen in the following Example. See alfo Decimal.

630.953

51.0807 305.27

987.3037

Addition of Vulgar Fractions, fee under the Article Fraction. .

Addition, in Algebra, or the Addition of Species, is nerform'd by connecting the Quantities to be added by their proper Signs ; and alfo by uniring into one Sum, thole that can be fo united. See Quantity, Species, &c.

Thus, a and b make a-\-b ; a and — b make a— b ; —a a „a — I make — a— b ; -a and 9a make 7«+9« ; — aV ac and b^/ac make— a^/ac+b^ae, or b^/ ac— a-/ac ; for it is all one in whatever Order they be written.

But, particularly, 1°, Affirmative Quantities of the fame Species or Kind, are united by adding the prefix d Num- bers whereby the Species are multiplied. See Positive.

Thus, Ta+9a make 16a. And nbc-\-i^bc make z6bc. Alfo 5 i+5- make 8 - ; and i^ac+T/ac make 91/ac; 6^ab—xx-\-T/ab—xx make \%t/ ab— xx. And in like manner 6/3+7/3 make 13/3- A g ain > a/ac+b^ac make a+bV<» c i b y adding together a and b, as Numbers mulriplying/rfc. And fo za+^c a-\-a a-\-x

make iHW 3***—*' r,nce zll +' c and 3 " make a-\-x

' 1° Affirmative Fractions, which have the fame Denomi- nator, are added together by adding their Numerators.

tax $ax Thus, {+-s make *, and -j- +-%-

Say^.JTpt™ mak e

b "f *

hx
 * and thus

-+7^, and -7+7 make

See Fraction.

, u Negative Quantities are added after the fame manner as Affirmative."*^™^- ^

Thus, -2 and -3 make -5 i — J <""> y make

__—^— - — a^ax and — b>/ax make — a — b\/ax.

When a Negative Quantity is to be added to an affirmative

one ; the Affirmative muft be diminifh'd by a Negative one.

nax 4ax jaz

Thus, 3 and — 2 make 1 ; -j— and — ~j make -r-

— a/ac.

And note, that when the negative Quantity is greater than the Affirmative, the Aggregate or Sum will be Nega-

x\ax $ax

tive. Thus, 2 and — 3 make — 13 — ~J~ and -j- make

lax — —7- ; and 2</ac and — f/ac make — 5/flC.

Addition of Irrational Quantities. — If they be of dif- ferent Denominations, reduce 'em to the fame Denomina- tion ; and if they be then commenfurable, add the Ratio- nal Quantities without the Vinculum ; and to their Sum pre- fix the Radical Sign.— The reft as in the Addition of Ra- tional.

Thus, we lhallfind 1 /8+/i8=2/+3 /2=5/2=5o. On the contrary, / 7 and / 5 being incommenfurable, their Sum will be •/7+V / 5-

Addition, in Law, is that Name, or Title which is given to a Man, over and above his proper Name and Sir- name ; to fliew of what Eftate, Degree, or Myftery he is ; and of what Town, Village, or Country.

Additions of Eftate, or Quality, are Yeoman, Gentle- man, Efquire, and fuch like. See Yeoman, Gentleman, Esojiire, &c. .

Additions of Degree, are thofe we call Names of Digniry ; as, Knight, Lord, Earl, Marauifs, and Duke. See Knight, Lord, Duke, gjjc.

Additions of Myftery, are fuch as Scrivener, 'Painter, Mafon, &c.

Additions of 'Place, are, of Thorp, of Dale, of Wood- ftock.— Where a Man hath Houftiold in two Places, he Ihall be faid to dwell in both ; fo that his Addition in either may fuffice. .

Knave was antiently a regular Addition. See Knave.

By Stat. 1 Hen. V. it was ordained, that in Suits or Acti- ons where Procefs of Outlawry lies ; fuch Additions mould be made to the Name of the Defendant, to fhew his Eftate, Myftery, and Place where he dwells ; and that the Writs, not having fuch Additions, lhall abate, if the Defendant take Exception thereto ; but not by the Office of the Court.— The Reafon of this Ordinance was, that one Man might not be troubled by the Outlawry of another ; but by rea- fon of the certain Addition, every Perfon may bear his own Burden. See Cud-Church.

ADDOUBORS, in Law. See Redubbors.

ADDUCENT Mufcles, or Adductors, are thofe which bring forward, clofe, or draw together, the Parts of the Bo- dy whereto they are annexed. See Muscle.

The Word is compounded of ad, to, and duco, I draw, or bring to.

Adducents, or Adductors, Hand oppofed to Abducents or Abdutlors. See Abducent, and Abductor.

ADDUCTION, in Anatomy, the Motion or Action of the Adducent Mufcles. See Adducent, and Adductor.

ADDUCTOR Oculi, a Mufcle of the Eye ; fo called, becaufe it inclines its Pupil toward the Nofe. See Eve.

It is alfo called Bibitorius ; becaufe it directs the Eye to- ward the Cup in drinking. See Bibitory.

Adductor Pollicis, is a Mufcle of the Thumb, which arifes tendinous, and afcends obliquely towards a broad Ter- mination, at the fuperior Part of the firft Bone of the Thumb. — Its Office is to bring the Thumb near the Fore-finger. See Finger.

Adductor Pollicis Pedis, called alfo Antithenar, is a Mufcle of the great Toe, which arifes from the inferior Part of the Os Cuneiforms tertium, and is inferted into the in- ternal Part of the OJfa Seffamoidea of the great Toe ; which it draws nearer rhe reft.

Adductor Jndicis, is a Mufcle of the Fore-finger, ari- fing from the infide of the Bone of the Thumb, and inferted into the firft Bone of the Fore-finger, which it draws to- wards the Thumb.

Adductor minimi digiti Pedis. See Transversalis •Pedis.

ADELING, or Ethling, from the Saxon JEdelan, q.d. Nobilis i a Title of Honour among the Englijb Saxons, pro- perly belonging to the Succeffor, or Heir Apparent of the Crown. See Prince,^.

King Edward the Confeflor being without Iflue, and in- tending to make Edgar, to whom he was great Uncle by the Mother's fide, his Heir ; firft called him his Adeling.

Now, Antiquaries obferve, that it was ufual for the Saxons to join the Word Ling to the Chriftian Name, which fignify'd a Son, or the Younger ; as Edmundling for the Son of Ed- mund: fo that Adeling fignify'd the Son of a King. See

KlNG " ADEMP-