Page:Cyclopaedia, Chambers - Volume 1.djvu/76

 ADA

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ADD

JTttne, the Foundation of all Harmony. Sec Tone, Con

cord, and Harmony.

Acute Accent, in Grammar, is that which denotes a Syllable to be pronounced with a high or acute Tone of Voice. See Accent.

The Acute Accent, is a little Line, or Virgula, placed over the Vowel, a little floping or inclined in its Defcent from right to left; as, '. — It is not ufed either in Englijh or Latin : the French indeed retain it; but 'tis only to mark the Clofe or Mafculine S.

In the antient Greek Manufcripts, the Acute Accent fioops a great deal more, than in the modern Writings or Editions.

Acute 2)ifeafe, is that which terminates, or comes to its Period, in a few Days; or, as the Phyficians exprefs it, cito £J? cum periculo terminatur. See Disease.

In this Senfe, the Word Hands oppofed to Chronical.

All Difeafes which hold above forty Days, are reputed Chronical. See Chronical.

Dr. Qiiincy thinks ah Acute IDifeafe may be defined, that which is attended with an increafed Velocity of Biood. See Blood, Circulation, Heart, Pulse, &c.

Acute 'Difeafes are the more dangerous, in that, befide the Violence of the Symptoms, if there be not time to empty the "Prima Vid?, 'tis very difficult to flop their Pro- grefs, and fave the Patient. T'rev.

Acute 1)ifeafes are ufually divided into thofe properly cal- led Acute 5 and thofe, which by rcafon of the Vehemence of the Symptoms, are called Mo{l Acute.

ACUTENESS, in Mufick, &C. that which confutes or denominates a Sound, &c. acute. See Acute.

There is no fuch thing as Acutenefs and Gravity, abfolute- ly fo called $ they are only Relations; fo that the fame Sound may be either Acute or Grave, according to that other Sound they refer or are compared to. See Relation. The Degrees of Gravity and Acutenefs, make lb many Tones, or Tunes of a Voice, or Sound. See Tone, Tune, Voice, £5?c.

For the Caufe and Meafure of Gravity and Acutenefs, fee Gravity, Interval, £*jc.

ADAGE, Adagium, a Proverb, or popular Saying. See Proverb, &c.

Erafmus has made a large and valuable Collection of Greek and Roman Adages, from their Poets, Orators, Phi- lolbphers, &c.

Adage, Proverb, and Parcemia are the firae thing 5 but differ from Gnomes, Sentences, and Apothegms. See Gnome, Sentence, Apothegm, &c.

The Word is compounded of ad, and agor, according to Scaliger, £htod agatur ad aliud figmficanduin, becaufemade to fignify fome other thing.

ADAGIO, in Mufick," one of the Words ufed by the Italians, to denote a Degree or Diftincrjon of Time. See Time.

The Adagio expreffes a flow Time 5 the flowed: of any, except Grave. See Allegro.

The Triple \ is ordinarily Adagio. See Triple. ADALLDES, in the Spamfy Policy, are Officers of Juf- tice, for Matters touching the Military Forces.

In the Laws of King Alphonfm, the Adalides are fpoke of, as Officers appointed ro guide and direct the Marching of the Forces in time of War**— Lope%> reprclents 'em as a fort of Judges, who take Cognizance of the Differences arifing upon Excurfions, the Diftribution of the Plunder, g#e. ADAMANT, Adamas, in Natural Hiftory, &c. an an- tient Name for a Precious Stone, by us called a 1)iamond. See Diamond.

ADAMI Tomum, Adam's Apple, in Anatomy, a little Prominence in the middic of the Cartilago Scutiformis. See Pomum Adami.

ADAMITES, Adamitje, a Seft of antient Heretkks, who took upon them, to imitate the Nakednefs of Adam 5 as if Man had been reinftated in his original Innocence.

They aflifted in the Temples naked, and had to do with Women in publick.

'Prodicus was their Author, according to the Account gi- ven by I'beodoret. — They were, in reality, a Branch fprung out of the Carpocratians and Safilidians. See Carpocra- tian, and Basilidian.

This Sect is faid to have flarted up a-frefh in the XVth Century, under c Picard, their Leader ^ who pretended to re-eftablifh rhe Laws of Nature, which, according to him, confifted in two things, viz,. Community of Women, and Nakednefs. — Thefe laft walked naked in the publick Place;-; whereas the former only put off their Clothes in their Aflem- blies. — Jovet fpeaks of Adamites in England. c Pr<s Adamites. See pRffi Adamites. The Criticks explain the Name Adam, tT-"1N f rom whence thefe Terms arife, varioufly 5 fome by Earth,

others by Red, others by Acptiejcence. Some of the

Greek Interpreters explain it Cabaliflically; According to them, the A fignifies <eW<*d, Eajl 5 2), JWw, Weft 5 A,

d gyr&i North; and M, ymp&ete, South t as being King of the four Quarters of the World : or, in that he was to people it; or that he was a little World, (unawtiuf. ADAPTING. See Accommodation. We fay, to adapt, or fit a Recipient to the Capital, e£c, See Recipient, Alembic, £?e.

ADDER- Stung, is ufed in refpeel of Cattel, when flung with any kind of venomous Reptiles 3 as Adders, Scorpions', &c. or bit by a Hedg-hog, or Shrew.

ADDICE, or Adze, a /harp Tool, of the Ax-kind, but different from the common Ax. — It is made crooked, and by that means more convenient for cutting the hollow fide of any Board, or Timber; being what the Coopers generally make ufe of for that Purpofe.

ADDICTIO, Addiction, in the Roman Law, a Tranf- ferring, or paffing over Goods to another 5 whether by Sen- tence of a Court, or in the way of Sale, to him that bids molt for 'em. See Alienation.

The Word ftands oppofed to AbdiBio, or Abdication. See Abdication, &c.

It is form'd of Addico, one of the ftated Words ufed by the Roman Judges, when they allow'd the Delivery of the Thing or Perfbn on whom Judgment had pafs'd.

Hence, Goods thus adjudg'd by the Pra;tor, to the right Owner, were called Sam addifia; and Debtors deliver'd up in like manner to rheir Creditors, to work out their Debt, were called, Servi Additli.

Addictio in fDtem, denoted the adjudging of a thing to a Perfon for a certain Price - 7 unlefs by fuch a Day the Owner, or fome other Perfon gave more for it.

The Word is alio ufed for taking an Adminiftration, and paying the Debts of the Deceafed- See Administration. ADDITAMENT, Additamentum, a thing added to another. See Addition.

Addtfame/its, in Phyfick and Chymiftry, are Things fuper- added to che ordinary Ingredients of any Compofition.

ADDITION, the Act of joining one thing to another 5 or of augmenting a thing, by the Acceflion of others there- to. See Augmentation, and Accession.

In Matters of Holy Scripture, 'tis forbid to make any Ad- dition to the Text, tor fear of corrupting and altering the Senfe. — In Phyficks, we fay, that Natural Bodies are form'd by the Addition or Aggregation of Parts. See Aggrega- tion, Accretion, &c.

Addition, is alio ufed for the Additament, or the thing added it felf. — In the new Editions of Books, Authors ufe to make Additions 5 they frequently make needlefs Addi- tions, in lieu of retrenching Superfluities and Impertinencies. 'Tis an Axiom, that if to equal Quantities you add une- qual ones; the Excefs of the Wholes, will be the fame as the Excefs of the additional Parts.

Addition, in Arithmetick, is the firft of the four funda- mental Rules, or Operations of that Art. See Rule, and Arithmetics.

Addition confifls in finding the Amount of feveral Num- bers, or Quantities feverally added one to another. Or,

Addition is the Invention of a Number, from two or more homogeneous ones given, which is equal to the given Numbers taken jointly or together. See Number.

This Number, thus found, is called the Sum, or Ap<*re- gate of the Numbers given. See Sum.

The Character of Addition is -|-, which we ufually ex- prefs by <Pltts, Thus;-|-4 denotes the Sum of 3 and 4 * and is read 3 plus 4. See Character.

2"o add any given Numbers together.

The Addition of fimple Numbers is eafy. Thus it is readily perceiv'd that 7 and 9, or 7-f-o make 16, and 11+15 make 26.

In longer, or compounded Numbers, the Bufinefs is per- form 'd by writing the given Numbers in a Row, downwards j Homogeneous under Homogeneous, i.e. Units under Units, Tens under Tens, &c. and fingly collecting the Sums of the relpective Columns.

To do this, we begin at the bottom of the outmoft Row or Column, to the right; and if the Amount of this Column do not exceed 9, we write it down at the Foot of the fame Column : If it do exceed 9, the Excefs is only to be wrote down, and the reft refer v'd to be carried to the next Row, and added thereto; as being of the fame Kind, or Deno- mination.

Suppofe, e. g. the Numbers 1357 and 1 72, were given to be added 5 write either of them, v. gr. 172, under the other, 1357 5 fo, as the Units of the one, viz. 2, ftand under the Units of the other, vis. 7, and the other Numbers of the one, under the correfpondent ones of the other, viz. the Place of Tens under Tens, as 7 under 5; and that of Hundreds, viz. 1, under the Place of Hundreds of the other, 3. — Then, be- ginning, fay, 2 and 7 make 9 ■> which write underneath 5 aifo 7 and 5 make 12 5 the laft of which two Numbers,

1357 172

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