Page:Cyclopaedia, Chambers - Volume 1.djvu/756

 FAN

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FAR

The Crimen Falfi is committed three ways'; by Words, as when aWitnefs fwears falfly. See Per jury. By Writ- ing, as when a Man frames or alters fomething, antedates a ContraS, or the like. See Forgery. And by Deed, as when he fells by falfe Weights, or Meafures, debafes the Coin, &c.

FALSO jfudicio, a Writ, which lies for falfe Judgment, given in the County Court, Court "Baron, or other Court, not of Record. p

Falso Retorno Srevinm, a Writ, which lies againft the Sheriff for making falfe Returns of Writ. See Return.

FALX, in Anatomy, a Part of the Dura Mater, defend- ing between the two Hemispheres of the Brain, and feperat- ina the Fore-part from the hinder. See Dora Mater.

It is call'd Falx, i. e. Sickle, by reafon of its Curvature, occafion'd by the Convexity of the Brain. See Brain It divides the Brain, as low as the Corpus callofum.

FAMES Canina, by the Greeks call'd Cynodes Arexis, q. d. Dog appetite, is fuch an infatiable Hunger, as is not to be fatisfied with Eating; but continues, even when the Stomach is full. See Bulimia.

This is a Cafe, much talk'd of by Antients ; bat rarely met with amongft us.

It may be fuppofed, to arife from ftiarp fretting Juices in the Stomach, which by their continual Vellications excite a Senfe like that of Hunger. See Hunger.

FAMILIA, Family, commonly implies all the Servants, belonging to a particular Mafter.

In another Senfe, 'tis taken for a Portion of Land, viz. as much as is fufficient to maintain one Family.

The Term Hide is by our Writers fomctimes call'd a Ma?ife ; fometimes a Family ; and fometimes Camcata, or a "Flow-land ; containing as much as one Plow and Oxen could cultivate in a Year. See Hide, Plough-l and, &c.

FAMILY of Curves, is a Congeries of leveral Curves of different Orders, or Kinds ; all which are defin'd by the fame indeterminate Equation, but in a different Manner, according to their different Orders.

Suppofe, e. gr. the indeterminate Equation, a m — 'X —y"\ If m=s, ax=y'. If ra=;, a"x=y'. If m=4, s»*=g/ 4, gfc. in Infinitum. All which Curves are faid to be of the fame Family. See Curve.

FAN, a Machine, ufed to raife a Wind, and cool the Air, by agitating it.

The Cuftom which now prevails among the Ladies, of wearing Fans, was borrow'd from the Eajl ; where the hot Climate renders the Ufe of Fans and Umbrellas almoft in- difpenfible. It is not long, fince the European Women firff. began to ufe a kind of Fans, made of Leather, in the Sum- mer time : But they are now found of Neceffityin Winter.

In the Eajl they chiefly ufe large Fans, made of Fea- thers, to keep off the Sun, and the Flies. In Italy and Spain they have a huge fort of fquare Fans, fufpended in the middle of their Apartments, and particularly over the Tables: Thefc by a Motion at firft given them, and which they retain a long Time, by reafon of their perpendicular Sufpcnfion, help to cool the Air, and drive off Flies.

In the Greek Church, a Fan is put into the Hand of the Deacons, in the Ceremony of their Ordination ; in Allufion to a Part of the Deacon's Office in that Church, which is to keep the Flies off" the Priefts, during the Celebration of the Sacrament.

Wicquefort in his Tranflation of the Embaffy of Garcias de Figueroa, gives the Name Fans to a Kind of Chimneys or Ventiducts, in ufe among the "Per/tans, to furniih Air, and Wind into their Houfes; without which the Heats would be infupportable. See the Defcription thereof in that Author, p. 38.

At prefent, what is call'd a Fan amongft us, and through- out the beft Part of Europe, is a very thin Skin, or Piece of Paper, TafFaty, or other light Stuff, cut in a Semi-circle and mounted on feveral little Sticks of Wood, Ivory, Tor- toife-lhell, or the like.

Fans are either made with a double, or fingle Paper.

If the Paper be fingle, the Sticks of the Mounting are pafted on the leaft ornamental Side ; if double, the Sticks are fewed betwixt them. E'er they proceed to place the Sticks, which they call, mounting the Fan ; the Paper is to be plaited in fuch manner, as that the Plaits may be alter- nately inward and outward.

'Tis in the Middle of each Plait, which is ufually about an Inch broad, that the Sticks are to be pafted ; which again, are to be all join'd, and riveted together at the other End : They are very thin, and fcarce exceed f of an Inch, in breadth : And where they are pafted to the Paper, are ftill narrower ; continuing thus to the Extremity of the Paper. The two outer ones, are bigger and ftronger than ordina- ry. The Number of Sticks rarely exceed twenty two. The Sticks are ufually provided by the Cabinet-makers, or Toymen: The San-painters plait the Papers, paint, and

mount them.

The common Painting is gold Leaf, applied on a filver'd

Ground, both prepared by the Gold-beaters. Sometimes they paint on a Gold-ground; but 'tis rarely: True Gold being too dear ; and falfe too paltry. To apply the filver Leaves on the Paper, they ufe a Compolition, which they pretend is a great Secret, but which appears to be no other than Gum Arabic, Sugar Candy, and a little Honey, melted in common Water, and mix'd with a little Brandy. This Compofition is laid on with a Spunge ; then, laying the Silver-leaves thereon, and preffing them gently down, with a linnen Ball, fluffed with Cotton, they catch hold, and orow together. When inftead of Silver, Gold-ground is laid, the fame Method is obferv'd.

The Ground being well dry'd, a Number of them are well beaten together on a Block ; by which means the Sil- ver, or Gold, get a Luftre, as if they had been burnifh'd. FANATICK, a wild, extravagant, vifionary, enthufia- ftical Perfon; who pretends to Revelation, and Infpiration, and believes himfelf poffefs'd with a Divine Spirit.

Such were the Anabaptifts, Quakers, (gc. at their firft: Rife-; and fuch are ftill the modern Prophets, Mugglete. neans, Sec.

Wigclius, and Sebmen, were the Leaders of the Fans- ticks of Germany ; and both came out of the School of "Pa- raceljus. Wigelim is held the Father of the Rofycrucians. The Word is form'd of the Latin Fanum, a heathen Tem- ple ; for which Reafon the firft Chriftians call'd all the Gentiles Fanaticks. And accordingly the antient Chronicles of France, call Clevis, Fanatick and Pagan. But the Word is yet of higher Original.

Among the Heathens themfelves, there were thofe, call'd Fanaticks ; from whom the Denomination fince pafs'd to all the reft. They had their Name from the Latin Fanum, Temple, by reafon they liv'd altogether in Temples. Stru- vius, Anna. Rom. Synt. C. 6. p.m. Such, particularly, were the Priefts of I/is, of the Mother of the Gods ; of Sellona, &c. Some others, who were always call'd Fana- ticks. In Gruter, p. CCCXII, n. 7. we have an Infcription, wherein one Z. Cornelius Januarius, is call'd Fanaticus. AB ISIS, SERAPIS. ABAEDEM BELLONE. And^. 2)CLIV, 12. 7. Fanaticus de JEde Sellome.

What might give further Occafion to the Appellation of Fanaticks, was, that they performed their Sacrifices in a.

wild, enthufiaftical manner. ■

FANATIO, in our antient Cuftoms, the Faiaring-time, or Fence-month, in Forcfts. See Fence.

FANCY, fee Phantasy, and Imagination. FANTASTICAL Colours, are the fame as thofe call'd Emphatical Colours. See Emphatical Colours.

FAPESMO, in Logic, one of the Moods of Syllogiims. See Mood. •„ ,..

A Syllogifm in Fapefmo, has its firft Fropofition an uni- verfal Affirmative ; the tecond an umverfal Negative ; and the third, a particular Negative. See Syllogism. FAQUIR, fee Fakir.

FARCE, was originally a "Droll, or petty Shew, or En- tertainment, exhibited by Charletans, and their Buffoons, in the open Street, to gather the Croud together.

The Word is French, and fignifies literally, forcemeat, or Stuffing. It was applied on this Occafion, no doubt, on account of the Variety of Jefts, Gibes, Tricks, £?c. where- with the Entertainment was interlarded.

At prefent, Farce is of a little more Dignity. 'Tis re- mov'd from the Street, to the Theater; and inftead of be- ing perform'd by Jack-puddings, to amufe the Rabble, is now acted by our Comedians, and become the Entertain- ment of the politeft Audiences.

The Poets have reform'd the Wildnefs of the primitive Farces ; and brought them to the Tafte, and manner of Comedy. The Difference between the two, on our Stage, is, that the latter keeps to Nature, and Probability ; and in order to that, is confin'd to certain Laws, Unities, &C. prefcrib'd by the antient Criticks.

The former, difallows of all Laws; or rather, fets them all afide, on occafion. Its End is purely topleafe, or make merry : And it flicks at nothing, which may contribute there- to, however wild, and extravagant. Hence, the Dialogue is ufually low ; the Perfons, of inferior Rank ; the Fa- ble, or Action, trivial, or ridiculous; And Nature, and Truth, every where heighten'd, and exaggerated, to afford the more palpable Ridicule. See Comedy.

Some Authors derive the Word Farce'm this Senfe from the Latin Facetia ; others from the Celtic Farce, Mocke- ry ; others from the Latin farcire, to fluff.

FARCIN, Farcy, or Fashions, a Difeafe in Horfes,_ and fometimes in Oxen, tic. The Farcin is fomewhat ot the nature of a Scabies, or Mange.

Vegctius calls it morbtts farciminofus. It confifts in a Cor- ruption of the Blood ; which Iliews it felf in Eruptions of hard Puftles, Knots, or Strings, along the Veins; and in Ulcers, which are not cured, without great Difficulty, by running hot Irons into them. There is a Spreading Farcin, which diffufes it felf over the whole Body ; an inner Far- cy ; a ftringed Farcy, &c. " h0