Page:Cyclopaedia, Chambers - Volume 1.djvu/755

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only Bufinels is to apprehend what is prefent. E. gr. Co- lour?, not to difcern or diftinguifti between this Body and that. But a Thing that barely apprehends without pro- jionncing any thing, cannot deceive. Add, that there is nothing to convict our Senfes of Faliliood. The right Eye, e. gr. cannot convicf the left ; nor 'Plato's Eyes, thole of Socrates ; fince the Reafons or Pretentions of each are equal; and the pur-blind Ferfon fees what he fees as much as the I.ynccus. Nor can a Senfe of one Kind convict an- other ; as the Sight, the Smell ; by reafon their Objects are different; and confequently their Reports, or Judg- ments are not of the fame Things. Thus again, if I fee a Stick ftreight, when out of the Water; but when in it, crooked : My Perception is altogether as true in the latter, as in the former Cafe; i. c. 'Tis as true that I have the Perception or Idea of the crooked Stick, as of the ftreight one. And this Idea is all that the Sehfe fuggefls ; l"o that it does not deceive. Laftly, Reafon cannot ftiew our Senfes miftaken, fince all reafoning depends on pre- vious Senfations ; and the Senfes mill firfl: be true, before any Reafoning founded thereon, be fo. Thus, the Epicu- reans ; whofe Syftem is ftrongly confirm'd by what we have already laid down from Mr. Serkely, concerning the Ex- ternal World.

The Carte/tans, on the other hand, are continually cry- ing out againft the Senfes, as the great Sources of all De- ception. Every thing, which our external Senfes prefent us, they fay, Ihould be fufpefted as falfe, or at beft du- bious, till our Reafon has conflrm'd the Report. They add, that out Senfes, as being fallacious, were never given us by Nature, for the Difcovery of any thing of Truth, but only to point out what Things are convenient, or hurtful to our Bodies.

The Peripateticks keep a middle Courfe : They hold, that if a fenfible Object be taken in its common or generi- cal View, the Senfe cannot be deceiv'd about it; for the Sight can fee nothing but what is viiible ; nor can it err in perceiving what is vifibie quatenus fuch. But they add, that if the Object be taken under its fpecific View, the Senfe may be miftaken about it, viz. from a Want of the Dif- pofitions neceffary to a juft Senfation, as an Indifpofition in the Eye, in the Medium, §&;. See Sense, Reason,

Fallacy, in Logic, or Syllogific Fallacy, is a captious Argument, call'd alfo a Sophifm. See Sophism.

Fallacies either arife from Words, or Things: The Foundation of all Illufion and Fallacy in Words, is that one Article of Ambiguity ; which is of two Kinds, viz. a fim- ple Homonymia, and an Amphibology. See Homonymia, and Amphibology.

The Kinds of Fallacy in Things are very numerous, but may be redue'd to feven Heads, viz. Ignoratio Elencht, Petitio Prinoipii, falfa Caufa, Interrogatio multiplex. Li- mit atio vitiofa, Accidens & Confequens. See Elenchus, Petitio Principh,£<?c.

Falling Sicknefs. See Epilepsy. Dr. Ttirheroitte in the Philofoph. Tranfact. gives the Hi- ftory of a Patient, much troubled with the Falling Sick- nefs. In her Urine he obferv'd a great Number of fhort Worms, full of Legs, and like Mille-pedes. While thefe continued lively, and full of Motion, the Fits return'd dai- ly; but upon prefcribing her half an Ounce ofOxymelHel- leboratum in Tanfey Water, the Worms and the Diftem- per were both effectually deflroy'd.

FALLOPIAN 'tubes, in Anatomy, two Dufls arifing from the Womb, one on each Side of the Fundus thereof, and thence extended to the Ovaries ; having a coniiderable Share in the Affair of Conception. See Conception.

They are call'd T"ub£, i. e. Trumpets, in refpeci of their Form ; for that in their Rife or Opening into the Womb, they are exceedingly fmall, fo as fcarce to admit a knitting Needle ; but in their Progrefs, towards the Ovaries, they grow much bigger; and at length are capable, to receive the Finger : From whence they contrail again ; and at the Extremity next the Ovaries, are expanded into a fort of Flanch or Foliage, which is fringed round with innumerable little Fibres, bearing fome Refemblance to the Flanch of a Trumpet.

Thefe Tubes are four or five Inches long : They confift of a double Membrane, derived from the outer and inner Membranes of the Uterus. The Extremity next the O- vary, at the Time of Impregnation, at which Time the whole Tube is expanded, reaches to, and embraces theO- yary ; tho' at other times it feems to fall a little Ihort of it, and is only (lightly tied by the Fringe, to the Undcrfide of the Ovary.

The Ufe of thefe Tubes, is to convey the Seed, or rather Ova of Women, and other Animals, from the Tefticles, or Ovaries, into the Uterus, or Womb. See Ovary, and Uterus. 1 Their inner Subftance is compos'd, in good Meafure of Ramifications of Veins, and Arteries, which form a kind

of reticular, or cavernous Body, not unlike that of the Cli- toris. This Structure makes them capable of Dilatation, and Contracfion, according to the Quantity, and Stop of the Blood; and con r equently, of being, as it were, erected, in Coitu, and of embracing the Ovary at that Time, which in their State of Flaccidity they did not. Sec Generation* They take their Denomination Fallopian, from Gabriel Fallopius, a Modenefe, who died in 1562 ; and who is com- monly reputed their firfl: Inventor ; tho' we find them de- feribed long before him, in Rllfus of Ephefus.

The Ova, or Embryos, are fometimes detain'd in the ttibg Fallopiame, and cannot make their Way into the Womb. See Fjetus.

Inftances of this Kind, have frequently been met with- al in Diffusions. But the moll remarkable, is that re- lated by Abraham Cyprianus, a celebrated Phyfician of Amsterdam, in a Letter, addrefs'd to Sr. tbo. Millington, wherein he defcribes the Manner, in which he drew a Fce- tus 21 Months old, out of the Tuba of a living Woman, who lived and had fevcral Children after the Operation.

FALLOW, a Colour, of a palifti red, like that of a Brick half burnt; as a Fallow Deer, g?c.

Fallow Field, or Fallow Ground, is Land laid up; or that has lain untill'd for a confiderable Time.

So, to Fallow, is to prepare Land by plowing, long be- fore it is plow'd for Seed. To do this twice, is to twifal- low, and thrice, to trifaliow. See Ploughing.

FALSE Arats,)n Heraldry, are thofc wherein the funda- mental Rules of the Art are not obferv'd : As if Metal be put on Metal ; or Colour on Colour, ££?c. See Arms.

False Attack, inWar, a feignedAttack, intended to draw all the Enemy's Force to one fide, in order to favour a real Attack, intended in another Part. See Attack.

False Sraye, in Fortification, a fmall Mount of Earth, four Fathom wide, erected on the Level round the Foot of the Rampart, on that Side towards the Field, and feparated by its Parapet from the Berme, and the Side of the Moat. It is made ufe of to fire upon the Enemy, when he is al- ready fo far advanced, that you cannot force him back from off the Parapet of the Body of the Place ; and alfo to re- ceive the Ruins, which the Cannons make in the Body of the Place.

False Claim, is where a Man claims more than his Due. See Claim.

False Conception. See Mole.

False Diamond, a Diamond counterfeited with Giafs. See Diamond. False, or Falfe Pofition, in Arithmetick. See Position. False Flower, a Flower, which does not fecm to pro- duce any Fruit ; as thofe of the Hazle, Mulberry-Tree, 5?u. Or a Flower, that does not arife from any Embryo, or that does not knit; as thofe of the Melon, Cucumber, Z?c. See Flower.

False Imprifonment, is a Trefpafs committed againft a Man, by imprisoning him without lawful Caufes. It is alfo ufed for the Writ brought upon this Trefpafs.

False Keel, in a Ship, is a fecond Keel, which is fome- times put under the firft, to make it deeper. See Keel.

False Mufter, is when fuch Men pais in Review, as are not actually lifted as Soldiers. See Muster, Fagot, &c. False Opal. See Girasol. False Prophecies, See Prophecies. False Roofoia Houfe, is that Part between the upper Rooms, and the Covering. See Roof. False Money, ~\ /-Money.

False Wcights,Zcc. ( False Ribs, False "Birth,

FALSEHOOD, Falfenefs, in Philofophy, an AS of the Understanding, reprefenting a Thing, otherwife than it is, as to its Accidents : Or, a falfe Enunciation, or Judgment of any Thing. As if a Perfon ihould judge, that the King of Spain is in America. See Error, and Truth.

The Circumftance, as to its Accidents, is of abfolute Ne- ccflity in the Definition ; inafmuch as a thing cannot be re- prefented otherwife than it is as to Effentials ; for in fuch Cafe the Effence of the thing would not be reprefentcd : And fince the Effence is the Thing it felf, it would not be that Thing, which is reprefented, but another.

There is no Falfehood in Apprehenfion, or Senfation : Our Ideas of Senfe are all juft, and true, fo far as they go ; and all our Delufions arife from our Rcafonings and Conclusions. Sec Fallacy.

The School-men diftinguiih Falfehood into ObjccTiye, which is the Object of the"falfe Judgment; e.gr. the King of Spain being in America : Emitative, that of the Things appearing what it is not, and thus occasioning the Fallacy : And Tranfcendental and Metaphyseal; which is a Repug- nancy to the Effence, nor Effentials of the Thing.

Crimen FALSI, in the Civil Law, is a fraudulent Subor- nation, or Concealment, with defign to darken, or hide the Truth, and make Things appear otherwife, than they are.
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