Page:Cyclopaedia, Chambers - Volume 1.djvu/745

 EYE

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EYE

Socket, which fhe turns backward and forward without regard the Eyes. — He furnifhes feveral Inftances of Ny8d> ftirring the Head ; and ordinarily the one a contrary lopias, or People, whofe Eyes in the Day-time were quite Way to the other - dark ' or at leaft fo dim > that they could hardlv difcerri

XsQif, Moles, which the Antients, Ariftotle, 'Pliny, their Way; who yet, foon after Sun-fet, and durini> Twi- Alb. Magnus, &c. fuppofed to have no Eyes at all, are light, faw very clearly. See Nyctalopia. now found to furnifh a notable Inflance of the Diverfity This brings to mind an odd Cafe of an old learned of the Apparatus of Vifion. For that Animal living " altogether underground, Sight would generally be ufelefs to it, and fo tender a Part as the Eye troublefome. It has therefore Eyes, but thofe fo exceedingly fmall, and withal firuate fo far in the Head, and cover'd fo

Divine, who complained, that during the Day-tfme his right Hand Jfiook fo much, that he could not manaoe his Pen ; and therefore was forced to make Ufe of it only by Candle-Light.

But, which is yet more ftrange, one of thefe Patients whet

ftrongly over with Hair, that they cannot ordinarily be could only fee by Night, cou'd diftinguifh fome Colours*

either of Service or Diflervice to it. Yet, to guide and viz. black and white, but not others, efpecially red and

fecure it a little when it chances to be above ground, green. The Meadows to this Perfon did not appear green,

gorricbias, glafms, Schneider, Mr. 2Jerham, and others, but of an odd, darki fh Colour ; and when fhe had a

obferve, that it can protend, or put them forth beyond Mind to gather Violets, tho' fhe kneeled in the Place

the Skin, and again draw them back at Pleafure, fome- where they grew, fhe could not diftinguifh them by the

what after the Manner of Snails. Colour from the Grafs about them, but only by their Shape

In the Eyes of Nocturnal Animals is a Part not yet or Touch, mention'd, viz. a Sort of tapemm at the Bottom of Artificial Eye, is an Optical Machine, wherein Objects

the Eye, which gives a Kind of Radiation on the Pupil, are reprefented after the fame manner as in the natural

enabling them to fee and catch their Prey in the Dark. Eye ; of considerable Ufe in illuftrating the manner of

Thus Dr. Willis : Hnjus ufus eft Oculi pitpillam quafi Vifion.

$uhare infito illuminare quare in Fele phirimum Its Conftruction is thus : Provide two hollow HemifphereS

illvftris eft, at Homini, Avibus 5? 'Pifcibus deeft. Do of hard, dry Wood, well cemented together, to reprefent

Animi Erutor. the "Ball of the Eye : Let the Anterior, or Fore-Hemi-

He adds, that in fome Perfons the Iris has a Faculty fphere, be perforated with a round Hole in C, (TaBt

alfo of darting out Light: And inftances in a Man Opticks, Fig. p.) to fupply the Place of a Pupil $ and

of a hot Head, who after a plentiful drinking of ge- therein fit a thin, plane Glafs, or, which amounts to the

nerous Wine, could fee to read in the darkctt Nigiit. fame, a Concavo-convex Glafs, to ferve for the Cornea;

Willis, ibid. In the Infide, have a fhort draw-Tube G, with a Lens

The like 'Pliny tells us of 'fib. Ctefar, that upon his frft Convex on both Sides, to do the Office of the Cryftslline

waking in the Night, he could fee every Thing for a little therein. In the hind, or poflerior Kemifpherc, fit another

while, as if in broad Daylight. Nat. Hift. L. II. C. 37. Draw-Tube E F, With a plain Glafs therein, having its

And Dr. Sriggs give a parallel Inflance of a Gentlemen innet Surface feiooth, tho' not polilh'd, reprefenting the

in Sedforjhire. Opthalm. C. 5. (J. 12. Retina and Optic Nerve.

Frogs, befide the Parts of the Eye which they have in If now the Aperture C, be turn'd towards any Object 5

common with Men, and moil Quadrupeds, have a peculiar and the Draw-Tube F E be gradually pull'd out ; you

Membrane, or Cartilage, which is not commonly perceived, will have the Object beautifully and ftrongly reprefented

wherewith they can, at Pleafure, cover the Eye, without in all its Colours on the Retina, only in an inverted Order,

too much hindring the Sight, becaufc the Membrane is both See Vision.

tranfparent and ftrong ; fo that it may pafs for a Kind of It being of no Confequence what the Figure of the inner

moveable Cornea, or occafjonal Safeguard to the .Eye. Cavity is; any Room, or Chamber, fo darken'd as only to

In furnifhing Frogs with this ftrong Membrane, the receive Light from a fingle Hole, with a Glafs Convex on

Providence of Nature feems very confpicuous; for that both Sides fitted therein; will do the Office of an Artificial

being amphibious Creatures, defigned to pafs their Lives Eye, and exhibit all the Objects oppofed to the Aperture,

in warery Places, which for the mofl part abound in on a Wall, or a white Cloth, flretch'd at a proper Diftance

Plants, endowed with fharp Edges, or Points; and the from the Aperture : With this Circumftancf, that the lefs

progreffivc Motion of this Animal, being not by walking, Sphere the Glafs is a Segment of, the greater will the Figures

but by leaping, if his Eyes were not provided wirh fuch appear. And this is the celebrated Camera Obfcura. See a Cafe, he muft either mut them, and fo leap blind- folded, or by leaving them open, muit run the Rhk of having the Cornea cut, pricked, or otherwife offended :

But this Membrane, like a Kind of Spectacle, covers the Eye, without taking away the Sight ; and as foon as the Occafion for it is over, the Animal withdraws it into a little Cell, where it refls, till its Ufe be again required. This Membrane becomes vifible, by applying the Point of a Pin, or any fuch fharp Thing, to the Eye of a Frog, wbilfl his Head is held fteady.; for to fcrecn his Eye, he will prefently cover it therewith, and afterwards withdraw

Camera Obfcura.

Eye, in Architecture is ufed for any round Window made in a Pediment, an Attic, the Reins of a Vault, or the like. See Window.

Bullocks-Eye, or Oeuil de Smtf, is a little Sky-Light irt the Covering, or Roof, intended to illumine a Granary, or the like. The fame Term is applied to the little Lufhcms in a Dome, as in that at St. 'Peters at Rome, which has 48 in three Rows. See Luthern.

Eye of a llome, is an Aperture at the Top of the Dome ; as that of the Pantheon at Rome, or of St;

it, upon a Removal of the fufpecfed Danger. — And becaufe 'Pauls at London. It is ufually cover'd with a Lanthorn,

many Birds are deftined to fly among the Branches of See Dome.

Trees and Bufhes, left by this Means the Prickles, Twigs, Eye of the Volute, in Architecture, is the Centre of the

Leaves iSc. mould wound or offend their Eyes, Nature Volute, or that Point wherein the Helix, or Spiral, whereof

has alfo given them fuch another Kind of horny Membrane it is form'd, commences : Or it is the little Circle in the

as we fee in Frogs. See Nictitating Membrane. middle of the Volutes, wherein are found the thirteen

Naturalifls relate Wonders of the Sharpnefs and Accuracy Centres for the defcribing the Circumvolutions thereof. See

of the Eyes of fome Animals, as the Eagle, tfe. beyond Volute.

tho'e of Men. See Eagle, iSc. Eye, in Agriculture and Gardening, is a little Bud 7 or

Tet do thofe of Men feem improveable to a furprizing Shoot, inferted into a Tree by Way of Graft. See En-

Degree : — Mr. Soyle inftances in a Major of a Regiment of grafting.

King Charles I. who being afterwards forced Abroad, ven- The Term is alfo ufed for a Gem, or Bud, as it ftands

tured at Madrid, to do Ms King a Piece of Service of on the parent Tree. A Tree with fine, ftrong, healthy

an extraordinary Nature and Confequence ; which being Eyes. La. Splint. P. 1. C. 3. Art. 6. The good Branches

there judged very irregular, he was committed to an un- common Prifon, or rather Dungeon ; having no Window belonging to it, only a Hole in the Wall, at which the Keeper put in provifion, and prefently clofed it again on the Out- fide, but not perhaps very exactly. — For fome Weeks this

are thofe which have come in the Order of Nature, and that have large Eyes pretty near each other. Id. This Branch muft be cut oft at the third Eye. Liger. See Bud, Gem, &c.

Eye, among Phyficians, is frequently taken for a Hole,

Gentleman continued utterly in the Dark very difconfolate; or Aperture. — Whence it is that the firft of the big In-

but afterwards he began to think he faw fome little tcftines is call'd Cecum, or the blind Gut, as having no

Glimmering of Light, which, from Time to Time, increaf- Eye, or Perforation. — For the fame Reafon the Chymifls

ed, fo that he could not only difcover the Parts of his call the Alembic, ufed in Circulation, a blind Head.

Bed, and other fuch large Objects, but at length, amidft this Eye, in Printing, is fometimes ufed for the Thickhefs

deep Obfcurity, cou'd perceive the Mice that frequented his of the Types, or Characters, ufed in Printing : Or, more

Chamber, to eat the Crumbs of Bread which fell upon the ttrict ly, it is the Graving in Relievo, on the Face, or Top

Ground, and difcern their Motions very well. of the Letter. See Type.

The Author juft mention'd, in his Obfer'jations On Vi- Tis the Eye alone that makes the Imprcffion; the reft.

tiated Sight, gives us fome uncommon Phenomena, that which they call the Sody, ferving only to fuftain it. A big

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