Page:Cyclopaedia, Chambers - Volume 1.djvu/738

 EXT

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EXT

Extensor, minimi 7)igiti> arifes from the external Protuberance of the Humerus, and from the upper Part of the Ulna ; and pafling under the annular Ligament, is inferted into the third Bone of the little Finger.

Extensor 'Pol/iris, arifes from near the upper half of the Peroue forwards, and paffing under the annular Li- gament, is inferted into the laft Bone of the great Toe.

Extensor Mgitomm 'Pedis longus, is a Mufcle derived from the fore Part of the upper Epiphyfis of the Tibia, and growing tendinous about the middle thereof, runs in four Tendons under the annular Ligament, to the third Bone of every Toe, except the Pollex.

Extensor digitorum pedis brevis, comes from the ex- terior and fore Part of the Calcaneztm, and goes to the fecond Joint of the Toes.-

Extensor pollic-is Pedis longUS, rifes large and flefhy from the fore Part of the Fibula, a little below its upper Procefs ; whence, pafling under the annual Ligament, it is inferted into the upper Part of the fecond Bone of the great Toe.

Extensor pollicis Pedis brevis, fprings flefhy from the fore Part of the Os Calcis, and after a fhort Belly, is con- tracted into a flender Tendon ; which running obliquely over the upper Part of the Foot, is inferted into the fe- cond Bone of the Pollex.

EXTENT, in Law, hath three Significations ; fomc- times it denotes a Writ, or Commiflion to the Sheriff, for the valuing of Lands and Tenements : Sometimes the Act of the Sheriff upon this Writ. And fometimes the Esti- mate, or Valuation of Lands, per proprios Vivos. Fleta, Lib. 2. See Extending.

EXTENUATION, the Act: of diminifhing, or lefTening, the Force of a Thing.

Thus, in Medicine, we fay, Fevers, Agues, long Abfti- nences, &c. occafion great Extenuations or Emaciations.

Extenuation, is alfo a Figure in Rhetoric, oppofite to the Hyperbole. The Greeks call it kitdths.

EXTERIOR Polygon,! Q ("Polygon.

EXTERIOR Talus, f oee I Talus, &c.

EXTERMINATION, the Act of Extirpating, or totally destroying a People, Race, Family, &c.

The Jews have been Exterminated out of Portugal j the Moors out of Spain ; the Albigenfes out of France, Sec. Philip the Fair of France, to be revenged on the Knights Templars, took a Refolution in 1307, to Exter- minate them. See Templar.

The Word is Latin, form'd of ex and terminus, Boun- dary.

EXTERNAL, or Exteriour, a Term of Relation, applied to the Surface, or out-fide of a Body 5 or that Part which appears, or prefents, to the Eye, Touch, e^V.

In which Senfe it is expofed to Internal, or Interior. See Internal.

External Medicines are alfo call'd Topicks. See Topic.

The Senfes arc divided into External, which are thofe whereby we perceive Ideas, or Perceptions of External Objects 5 as Seeing, Hearing, ckc. and Internal. See Senses.

External, is alfo ufed to exprefs any Thing that is without-iidc a Man, or that is not within him, and par- ticularly in his Mind. In this Senfe, we fay External Ob- jetls, &c. Sec Object.

The Exiflence of an External World, i. e. of Bodies, and Objects, out of the Mind, is a Thing has been greatly call'd in Queftion of late. See Matter, Body, World, ®c.

1 Were it poffible for Bodies, i. e. folid, figured, &c. c Subfiances to exift without the Mind, correfponding to c thqfe Ideas we have of External Objects, yet how were

' it by Senfe, or Reafon : As for our Senfes, by them
 * it poffible for us to know it ? Either we muft know


 * we have only the Knowledge of our Senfations or Ideas :

c the Mind, or unperceiv'd, like thofe which are perceiv'd.
 * They do not inform us that Things exift without

1 at all of External Things, it muft be by Reafon, in- « ferring their Exigence from what is immediately per- < ceiv'd by Senfe. But how mall Reafon induce us to « believe the Exiflence of Bodies without the Mind, when 1 the Patrons of Matter themfelves deny that there is any £ necefTary Connection betwixt them and our Ideas. In « Effect, 'tis granted on all Hands, and what happens in
 * It remains, therefore, that if we have any Knowledge


 * Dreams, Phrenzies, Deliriums, Extafies, &c. puts it be-


 * yond Difpute, that we ^ might be affiled with all the


 * Ideas we have now, tho' there were no Bodies exifting


 * without, refembling them. Hence, it is evident, the Sup-


 * pofition of External Bodies is not necefTary for the

Knowledge, p. 59.
 * Produaion of our Ideas/ Berkeley's Princ. of Human

' Granting the Materialifts their External Bodies, they


 * by their own Confeflion, are never the nearer knowing

how out Ideas are produced ; fince they own them- felves unable to comprehend in what Manner Body can act upon Spirit ; or how it is poffible it mould imprint any Idea in the Mind, Hence, the Production of Ideas or Senfations, in our Minds, can be no Reafon why we mould fuppofe Matter, or Corporeal Subfiances- fince that is equally inexplicable with or without the Suppofition. In fhort, tho' there were External Bodies, 'tis impoffible we fhould ever come to know it $ and if there were none, we mould have the fame Caufe to think there were that we now have.' Id. ibid. p. 60, 61. 1 Try, whether you can conceive it poffible for a Sound, or Figure, or Motion, or Colour, to exift without the Mind, or unperceiv'd. This may perhaps convince you, that what you contend for, is a downright Contradiction. — I am content to put the whole upon this IfTue : If you can but conceive it poffible for one extended, move- able Subftance, or, in general, for any one Idea to exift otherwife than in a Mind perceiving it j I fliall readily give up the Caufe. Id. ibid. p. tfg. which induced Men to fuppofe the Exiflence of material Subftance $ that fo, having obferved the gradual ccafing and Expiration of thofe Motives, we may withdraw the AfTent grounded on them. Firft, Therefore it was thought that Colour, Figure, Motion, and the reft of the fenfible Qualities, did really exift without the Mind ; and for this Reafon, it feem'd necefTary to fuppofe fbme unthinking Subftratum, or Subftance, wherein they did exift, fince they could not be conceiv'd to fubfift by themfelves. Afterwards, in Procefs of Time, Men being convinced that Colours, Sounds, and the reft of the fen- fible fecondary Qualities had no Exiftence without the Mind ; they ftripp'd this Subftratum of thefe Qualities, leaving only the primary ones, Figure, Motion, &c. which they ftill conceiv'd to exift without the Mind, and confequently to ftand in need of a material Sup- port. But having /hewn above, that none, even of thefe, can poffibly exift otherwife than in a Spirit, or Mind, which perceives them, it follows, that we have no longer any Reafon to fiippofc the Being of Matter.' Id. Ibid. p. 118, up. See Quality.
 * It is worth while to reflect a little on the Motives

This Syftem, Mr. Lock endeavours to fet afide, and to prove the Exifknce of External Bodies.— His Arguments fee under the Article Existence.

External Angles, are the Angles of any right-lined Figure form'd without it, when all the Sides are ievera''y produced. See Angle.

Thefe are all, taken together, equal to four right Angles. Particularly, in a Triangle, the External Angle e, (Tab. Geometry Fig. 76-) is equal to both the internal and op r pofitcs ones z and y. See Triangle. External Ear, y ~>Ear.

External Rights, > See CRight. External Beauty, j ^Beauty.

EXTERNUIS Juris,'m Anatomy, a fmall Mufcle coming from the Side of the Meattts Auditorius, to the fhort Procefs of the Malleus 5 ferving to draw the Handle thereof downwards, and fo to relax the Membrana Tympani. See Tympanum and Malleus.

EXTINCTION, the Aft of Extinguijhing, or deftroy- ing Fire or Light.

'Boerhaave denies, that there is properly any fuch Thing as extinguifhing of Fire. 'Tis a Body Sui generis, of an immutable Nature, and we can no more extinguifh, or deftroy it, than create it. See Fire.

The Arijfotelians account for the Extinction of Fire from the Principle of Contrariety ; thus, fay they, Water puts out Fire, by Reafon the Qualities of Water are con- trary to thofe of Fire 5 the one being cold, and moift, and the other, hot and dry. But how far this will go, may appear hence, that Fire is extinguifhed by hot Water as readily as cold 5 nay by Oil, Earth, &c. See Anti-

PER-ISTASIS.

Some of the Moderns ofFer two more plaufible CauTes of ExtinHion, viz. tDiJJipation, as when the next, imme- diate Fuel of the Flame, is difperfed and blown off by too forcible a Wind : And Stiffocat ion, when it is fo com- prefs'd, as that its free Motion cannot be maintain'd ; as happens upon throwing Water, ££c. thereon. See Fuel.

Extinction, in Chymiftry and Pharmacy, is when a Metal, Mineral, or the like Body, after having been heated red hot in the Fire, is plunged in fome Fluid 5 either to foften and temper its Acrimony, as the Tutry made of Pearl ; or to communicate its Virtue to the Liquor, as Iron or Steel in Water ; or, laflly, to give it a Temper, as in the Extinction of Steel in Water, or other Preparation. See Temper.

EXTINGUISHMENT, in Law, is ufed for a Confili- dation. See Consolidation.

E. gr.