Page:Cyclopaedia, Chambers - Volume 1.djvu/733

 EXO

nion was, that if the Perfon were criminal, he could not Swallow the Bread.

This, it fecms, was a frequent Practice in the Time of our Edward III. and the Bread thus Exorcifed, was faid to be Corfned. Lindenbrock gives rnffances of Ex- orcifms with Barley Bread, and others with Cheefe. And hence, probably, might arife that popular Imprecation, May this Bread choak me, if I tell a Lye. See Ordeal, Judicium tiei, &c.

The Word is derived from the Greek, S|sp«/J«f, adju- rare, conjurare, to adjure, or conjure.

In moft Dictionaries, Exorcifm and Conjuration are ufed as fynonymous; But, in Reality, Conjuration is only a Part of the Exonifm; and the Exorcifm the Ceremony entire. — The Conjuration is properly the For- mula, whereby the Devil is commanded to come forth, SV. See Conjuration.

EXORCIST, in the Romifi Church, a Prieft, or ron- fured Clerk, who has receiv'd the four leffer Orders, one of which is that of Exorcift. See Order.

The Term is Jikewifc applied to a Prelate, who actually Exorcifes a Perfon poffefs'd. See Exorcism.

'Tis a Difpute among Divines, whether ever the Greeks had properly any fuch Order, as that of Exorcift: Fa. Goar, in his Notes on the Greek Euchologuc, has made it very probable they had, from feveral concurring Paffages in St. Dionyfius, and St. Ignatius Martyr.

The Ordination of Exorcifts is perform'd in the Time of Mafs: Their principal Office being to expel Devils, the IV tb Council of Carthage, Can. y. appoints, that in the Ordination of Exorci/ls, the Bifhop putting the Book of Exorcifms in their Hands, /hall fay thefe Words, Re- ceive it, and keep it in Remembrance, and have Tower to lay Hands on Energumeni, whether Baptized, or Catechumens ; which Form flill obtains.

M. Fleury mentions certain People among the Jews, who travell'd round the Country, making ProfcfEcn of driving out Devils by Invocations, which they pretended had been taught them by Solomon: Thefe were alfo call'd Exorcifts. See Jofeph. Antiq. Jud. L. VIII. C. 2. Origen. trail. XXXV. in Matth. XXVII. <f 3.

EXORDIUM, in Oratory, tSc. the Preamble, or Be- ginning of a Difcourfe, or Speech ; fcrving to prepare the Audience, and introduce the Matter in Hand : Call'd alfo the 'Prologue, Tralude, and Trosm. See Prologue, iSc. Cicero defines Exordium, a Part of an Oration, whereby the Minds of the Audience are duly prepar'd for what remains to be faid .- —The Exordium is apart of princi- pal Importance, and to be labour'd with extraordinary Care ; whence tully calls it, difficilima pars Oratioius. See Oration.

The Word is form'd of the Latin, Ordiri, to begin ; or by a Metaphor from the Weavers, wlio are faid ordiri lelam, ourder, begin, or warp a Web, by difpofing and ordering the Threads in a certain Manner for the future Work. Exordiums arc of two Kinds : either juft, and formal • or vehement and abrupt. In the firfi, the Audience is prepared and conducted, by due and eafy Steps : In the fecond, the Orator, as if feiz'd with fome Sudden Paffion, breaks out upon his Audience at once. Such is that Exordium of Tfaiah, Hear, Oh Heavens, and give Ear, Oh Earth, Or that of Cicero again/! Catiline, gkionfq; tandem abutere pa- tientia noftra Catilina ?

Abrupt Exordiums are the moft fuitable, on Occaiions of exceeding Joy, Indignation, or the like; tho' we have In/lances of Panegyricks of the greatcft Orators, begun abruptly without any fuch Occafions: Such is that of Gor- gias, who began his Eloge of the City and People of JSlis, with rihis ota« svJVupw, Elis, beata civitas : Or that of Greg. Nazianz-en, in Praife of Athanafius, 'ASw&tnw ivcuvay ctpirha iymiH^^cUj Athanafium laudans virtutem laudabo. Abrupt, hafly Exordiums, were more of the Tafie and Manner of the Greeks than the Latins.

The Requisites in an Exordium, are, 1°. Propriety, whereby the Exordium becomes of a-piece with the whole Difcourfe, ' and matches it, as a Part does a whole; fo as that it could not be accommodated to any other, or perhaps a contrary Occafion. The ancient Orators were very de- fective in this Point: Their Exordiums had frequently nothing in common with the Subject.

1°. Care, Accuracy, and Magnificence, as being the Part moft minded, and moft expofed to Shew. Thus tully, Veftibula, aditufq; ad caufam facias illuftres.

3°- Modefty, or an ingenuous Bafhfulnefs, which recom- Biends the Orator exceedingly to the Favour of his Au- dience. This is what Cicero extols fo much in Z. Craffus, Fuit emm in L. CraJJb pudor quidam, qui non modo ■non obeffet ejus Orationi, fed etiam probitatis commen- dattone prodeffet. The fame tully owns, of himfelf,

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that at the Beginning of his Orations, he trembled every Limb, and his whole Mind was in a Flutter r, An , d - f- r ? revit y> not ™plifi e d, or fwell'd with a Detail of Crcumftances or a long Circuit of Words = Such as that muft be of the Lawyer, who being to ipeak of a Difference between two Neighbours deduced his Exordium from Adam.

The Exordium appears an effential Part of an Oration - Tho', anciently, in the Areopagus, Julius Pollux tells us" they Spoke without any Exordium, any Paflions, and any Peroration, or Epilogue. The like is faid to have been done by Xenophon, who begins thus, 'Darius £S PariCatis duos habuere filios.

EXOSTOSIS, from e| and »s/o», Os, a Bone; is any unnatural Protuberance of a Bone; frequent in Venereal Cafes : Or rather, it is a Swelling, occafion'd by a Bone's being out of its natural Place, or Pofition. See Bone.

EXOTIC, a Term properly Signifying foreign, or ex- traneous i. e. brought from a remote, ttrange Country: In which Senfe we fometimes fay Exotic or barbarous Terms, or Words, &c.

But Exotic is chiefly applied to Plants which arc Natives of Foreign Countries, particularly thofe brought from the Eaft and Weft-Indies ; and which do not naturally grow- in Europe.

The Generality of Exoticks, or Exotick Plants, do not thrive in England, without fome peculiar Culture. They require the Warmth of their own Climates; whence the Ufe of hot-Beds, Glafs Frames, Grecn-Houfes, (§c. The Green-Houfe is properly a Confervatory of Exoticks. See Green-House.

The Word is derived from the Greek, e's;, •£<»Ssf/, extra ; whence sfomoj.

Dr. Lifter has a Difcourfe in the Philofoph. Tranfafl. on Exotic 2)ifeafes, i.e. Such Difeafes as arc never bred amono us, but brought from Time to Time by Infection from other Countries. Such, according to this Author, are, 1°. The Plague, which is properly a Difeafe of Afia, where it is Epidemic. 2°. The Small-Pox, which is an Oriental Difeafe, and not known to Europe, or even Afia minor, or Africa, till a Spice Trade was open'd to the remoteft Part of the Indies ; whence it originally came, and where it frill rages more cruelly than among us. 5 . The Grip- ing of the Guts, which he takes for a Difeafe peculiar to the Weft-Indies, and yearly receiv'd from thence. For this, he adds, is a quite different Difeafe from the tormina. Ventris of the Ancients ; and is fcarce ever known in the mid-land Countries, or far in the North of England.

EXPANSION, in Metaphyficks, expreffes the Idea we have of lafting, or pcrfevering Diftance; i.e. of Diltance all the Parts whereof exift together. See Distance.

Expansion, in Phyficks, is the dilating, ftretching, or fpreading out of a Body ; whether from any external Caufe, as the Caufe of Rarefaction ; or from an internal Caufe' as Elafticity. See Dilatation, Rarefaction, Elas- ticity.

Bodies naturally Expand by Heat, beyond their Dimen- sions when cold ; whence their fpecific Gravities are diffe- rent, at the different Seafons of the Year. See Specific Gravity.

Air comprcfled, or condenfed, aflbon as the compreffing or condensing Force is removed, Expands it felf' by its Elaftic Power, to its former Dimensions. See Air.

But this may feem a lefs accurate Notion of Expanfion- which fome Authors reftrain to an Increment of the natural, or ordinary Dimensions of a Body, by the mere Aciion of Heat. See Heat.

Dr. Halley found by Experiment, that Water Expands it felf by one twenty Sixth part of its Bulk, when made to boil: But a moderate Heat does not induce any fenfible Expanfion at all. — Mercury, with a very gentle Heat, Expands it felf one feventy fourth part of its ordinary Dimensions. See Water, iSc.

Spirit of Wine, with a Heat lefs than that of boiling Water, Expanded it felf by one twelfth part of its Bulk - and then fell a boiling. The moft fenfible Expanfion of Water, is by Freezing. Mr. 'Boyle, in his Hift. of Cold, allures us, that Ice takes up one twelfth part" more Space than Water. See Freezing.

Dr. Gregory, in his AJlron. p. 407. proves, that a Globe or our Air, of an Inch Diameter, if it were removed to the Diftance of a Semi-diameter of the Earth, would Expand it felf fo, as to fill all the planetary Region, as far as, nay, far beyond, the Sphere of Saturn.

EX parte, i. e. partly, or. of one part, is thus ufed in the Court of Chancery : A joint Commission is that wherein both Plaintiff and Defendant joyn ; A Commiffion Ex parte, is that taken out and executed by one Party only.

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