Page:Cyclopaedia, Chambers - Volume 1.djvu/732

 EXO

I 3*«1

EXO

honourable Places rais'd for that Purpofe by the Patriarch's Sides: Thefe two laft Syftems arc the moil probable.

EXOCIONITjE, Exocionites, in Church Antiquity. — Mev.rfms tells us, that there was a Monaftery at Con- ftantiuopk call'd Exocioninm ; and that the firft who were call'd Exocionites, were the Monks thereof : But this is a Miftake.

'Twas the Aridns who were firft call'd Exocionites ; by Reafon, when expell'd the City by Eheodofius the Great, they retired into a Place call'd Exocimktm, and there held their Affemblies. Juftinian gave the Orthodox all the Churches of the Hereticks, excepting that of the Exocionites. Cedrenus. See Arian.

The Word is derived from i^auinw, or il-mihmr, the Name of the Place abovementioned.

Cadin, in his Origines, fays, that the Exocionium was a Place cncompaSfed with Walls, built and adorn'd by Con- fiantine ; and that without the Circumference of this Wall, there was a Column, with a Statue of that Emperor, whence the Place took its Name, viz. from £f«»j without, and um, Column.

Gothefrid holds, that Theodoret is miftaken, in faying that the Brians were call'd Exocionites, or Exacionites, from the Name of the Place where they affembled ; and takes the Name to be the fame with that of Exoucon- tians, which was attributed to the Arians, by Reafon they held that the Son was made out of nothing, e£ «x oirTW. But a mere Conjecture of Gothefrid is not fufficient to make us fet afide the Authority of fo able a Perfon as Theodoret.

EXODE, or Exodium, in the anticnt Greek Drama, was cne of the four Parts or Divisions of Tragedy. See Tragedy.

The Exodium, according to Arijlotle, was fo much as was rehearfed after the Chorus had ceas'd to fing for the lalt Time ; fo that Exodium with them, was far from being what the Epilogue is with us, as feveral People have imagined it was. See Epilogue.

The Exode was fo much of the Piece as included the Cataftrophe and unravelling of the Plot 5 which Cata- ftrophe, (5c. in Pieces regularly compofed, always begun after the laft finging of the Chorus ; anfwering nearly to our 4 th and 5 th A£ts. See M. TJacier's Comment, on Ariftotle's 'Eoeticks, p. 166. See alfo the Articles Ca- tastrophe, Chorus, (5c.

Among the Romans, the Exodium was a different Thing ; 'twas pretty nearly what Farces are with us. After the Tragedy was over, came a Pantomime on the Stage, call'd the Exodiarius, who by his Grimace, Jelling, and Buf- foonry, diverted the People, compofed their Minds, and wiped away the Tears with the Tragic Spectacle had oc- calion'd to be Shed.

This was his Office, as related by the antient Schoiiaft of 'Juvenal : Excdiarius, apud Veteres in fine Ludorum intrabat, quod ridiculus foret, lit quidquid Lacrymarum atque Trifiti<s coepijfent ex tragicis Affcclibus, hujus SpeSaculi Rifus detergeret.

Such was the original Intention of the Exodium, but it afterwards degenerated into a bitter, malicious Kind of Raillery.

Vigenere on T. Livy, fays the Exodium conflfted of certain humorous, drolling Verfes, rehearfed by the Youth at the End of the FabultS Attellanee, and anfwering to our Farces. — In another Place, the fame Author fays, that the Exodes were a Kind of Interludes, in the Intervals, between the Acfs, partly Fable and Pleafantry, partly Mufic, (5c. to give Time both for the Spectators and Actors to recover Breath.

The Paffage in Livy, whence he takes the Notion, is Lib. VII. T)ec. 1. Ridicula intexta Verfibus, qiice Juventus inter fe more Antiqno jatlare c<£pit eaque conferta funt fabulis potiffimum Attellams. So alfo Juvenal,

Urbicus Exodio rifum movet Attettang Geflibus Antonoes.

The Word is form'd from the Greek, i^&, going out, or even T)igreffion, going afide, out of the Way ; of e{ and i^of, Road. Feftus, Lib. V. calls it Exitus : Varro, iiv> wlim. — The fame Author ufes the Phrafe in Exodium Vitie.

Exodium, in the Septuagint, fignifies the End, or Con- clusion of a Feaft. See Feast.

In Particular, it is ufed for the Eighth Day of the Feaft of Tabernacles, which, 'tis faid, had a fpecial View to the Commemoration of the Exodus, or Departure out of Egypt. Tho' there is nothing of it cxpreffed in Scripture.

The Hebrew Text calls the Day mjjy which the Seventy render lijJJW.

Exodium, was alfo the Name of a Song, fung a t the Conclusion of a Meal.

EXODIARY, Exodiarius, in the antient Roman Tragedy, was a Droll, or Mime, who appcar'd on the Stage, when the Tragedy was ended, and perform'd what they call'd the Exodium, or Conclusion of the Shew ; to divert the Company. See Exodium.

EXODUS, the fecond of the five Books of Mofes. See Pentateuch,

The Word in its original Greek, 'Efo=ft«, literally imports a going out, or Journey ; and was applied to this Book, by reafon the Hiftory of the Ifraehtes Paffage out of Egypt is related therein. Befide this, it contains the Story of what was rranfafted in Egypt, from the Death of Jofeph, to the Delivery of the Jews ; as well as what pafs'd in the Wildcrnefs, and particularly at Mount Sinai, to the building of the Tabernacle.

The Hebrews call it Veelle Semoth, Signifying, (5 hue nomina; Thefe are the Names ; which are the initial Words of the Book : For the fame reafon as they call Genefis, Serefith, q. d. in principio, in the -Beginning. See Genesis.

EX Officio. — By a Branch of a Statute of 1 Eliz. the Queen, by her Letters Patents, might authorize any Perfons, (5c. to adminifter an Oath Ex Officio ; whereby the fuppofed Offender was forced to confefs, accufe, or clear himfelf of any criminal Matter, (5c.

But this Branch relating to this Oath, is repealed by 17 Car. 1. cap. 11.

EXOMOLOGESIS, a Term little ufed but in fpeak- ing of the ancient Rites of Repentance; whereof the Exo- mologefis was a Part. See Confession.

It fignifies Confeffiou; being pure Greek, J%ouahi<yr.oX, form'd of J^sfioAojt'a, I confefs.

Some of the Ancients, and particularly Tertullian, de pienit. C. 0. ufes the Word in a greater Latitude, as com- prehending the whole of Repentance: A public Exomolo- gefis was never commanded by the Church for fecret Sins ; as may be feen in the Capitularies of Charlemaign and the Canons of divers Councils.

EXOMPHALUS, in Medicine, a Generical Name for divers Diforders.

Exomphalus exprefles all Kinds of Ruptures, or Tu- mors, happening in the Umbilicus, or Navel. See Rup- ture. _„.

Authors diitinguifh tTiree Kinds of Exomphali ; the firft are, Tumors, or Swellings of the folid Parts, whereof there are three Varieties, denominated from the feveral Parts affefted, as the Enteroraphalus, Epiplomphalus, and Entero-epiplomphahis : The fecond are, Tumors form'd by Colleftions, or Gatherings of Humours, of which there are four Varieties, diftinguiih'd by the particular Humours they are form'd of, as the Hydromphalus, Tneumatom- phalus, Sarcomphalus, and Varicomphalns : The third are thofe compounded of both the other, viz,, the Entero hydromphalus, and Epiplofarcomphalus. See each Species under its feveral Heads, Enteromph alus, (5c.

EXORCISM, Prayers, or Conjurations, wherewith to exorcife, i. e. drive out Devils from Perfons poilefs'd, purify unclean Creatures, or preferve from Danger.

Exorcifms are of great Ufe in the Romifh Church : Their Prelates, (5c. arc frequently Exorcifwg Demoniacal Perfons. The Priefts make the Holy Water, by Exorcifing common Water a certain Number of Times.

The Exorcifm is a Part in moft of their Confecrations. See Exorcist.

It mull be allow'd, the Ufe of Exorcifms is almoft as ancient as the Church : Recourfe was had to fuch Ma- chines, to drive away Difeafes both of Men and Bcafts, to expel and deftroy Vermine, and other Animals, noxious to the Earth, and the Fruits rhereof

M. Thiers, in his Traite des Snperftitions, gives divers Formula's of fuch Exorcifms ; and quotes, particularly, the Inftance of" St. Grat, who, by Means of Exorcifms, ob- tain'd of God, the Favour, that there Should be no Rat found in the Country of Aoft, nor three Miles around rhe fame.

The fame Author is of Opinion, that fuch Exorcifms may be ftill ufed to good Purpofe, againft Rats, Mice, Locufts, Caterpillars, Storms, &c. Bur in older to per- form any Thing of this Kind, he obferves, a Man mull have the proper'" Quality and Character, and be approv'd of by the Church ; and muft likewife ufe Words and Prayers authored thereby ; otherwife, his Exorcifms will be damnable Superstitions.

Exorcifms had anciently another and further Purpofe, being applied by way of Trial, or Purgation, to extort the Truth from the accufed. See Purgation.

The Exorcifm, in this Senfe, was a Sort of Bread conjured and Exorcifed for the Purpofe: And the Opi- nion,