Page:Cyclopaedia, Chambers - Volume 1.djvu/729

 EXE

'The Word Exegefis is alfo ufed for a whole Difcourfe by way of Explication, Comment) or Efclairciffement on any Thing.

Exegesis Ntimerofd, or Linealis, fignifies the Numeral or Lineal Solution, or Extraction of Roots, out of adfetfed Equations ; firft invented by Vieta. Ozanam calls it la Rhetique. See Extraction of Roots.

EXEGETES, among the Athenians, were Perfons learn'd in the Laws of the Juris confulti ; whom the Judges us'd to confult in capital Caufes.

The Word is Greek, 'EfiiijraV, form'd of i?sj&p«, I explain.

EXEGETIC, a Greek Term, form'd of SgeyJ/wcij which, among other Things, fignifies to explain, inter- fret, &c. Whence we fay Exegetic Notes, an Exegetic Comment, &c.

Vieta, the Author of what we call the new Algebra, introduced feveral Greek Names into his Method; fuch were T"hetic, Zetetic, Exegetic or Exegetica, &c.

In this Senfe, Exegetic is either a Subffantive Femi- nine ; or an Adjective, under which is underftood part, as the Exegetic Part of Algebra. See Algebra.

The Exegetica in Algebra, is the Art of finding, cither in Numbers, or Lines, the Roots of the Equation of a Problem, according as the Problem is either Numerical, or Geometrical. See Root and Eqjjation.

EXEMPLAR, a Model, or Original, to be imitated, or copied. See Model, &c.

Exemplar is alfo the Idea, or Image, conceiv'd, or form'd in the Mind of the Artift, whereby he conducts his Work : Such is the Idea of CaJ'ar, which a Painter has in his Mind when he goes to make a Picture of dtfar. The Exemplar is ordinarily number'd among the Caufes. See Cause.

EXEMPLIFICATION of Letters patent, an Exem- plar, or Copy of Letters Patent, made from the Inrolment thereof; and feal'd with the Great Seal of England. See Patent.

Such Exemplifications are as effectual to be fhew'd, or pleaded, as the Letters Patent themfelves : Nothing but Matter of Records are to be Exemplified. See Record.

EXEMPTION, a Privilege, or Difpenfation, whereby a Perfon is excepted out of fome general Rule. See Pri- vilege, &c.

Exemption is particularly applied to Churches, Chap- pels, and Monaileries which have a Privilege given them by the Popes, or Princes, whereby they are Exempted from the Jurifdiaion of the Bifhop, or Ordinary. See Chappel, Ordinary, &c.

The Council of Conflans revoked all Exemptions, to reflore to the general Law, weaken'd and diminifh'd by a Relaxation of feveral Ages, its ancient Force and Vigour ; and make it every where obtain in all its Latitude.

The firft Exemptions granted to Monks were only for the Liberty of Electing their Abbot, independently on the Bifhop ; and not to fcreen them from the regular Jurifdiction of the Bifhops. The Pretence for thefe Exemptions was, that the Bifhops abufed their Authority, and exacted' extravagant Dues on the Monafteries in their Dependance. But the real Caufe was, rather, that the Monaileries, being fallen from the Severity of their Rules, did not care for Infpectors fo near at Hand, and therefore follicited Ex- emptions at Rome.

As this was to derogate from the common Laws, the Popes were a good while very referved in the Point; and feldom granted them, but with the Confent of the Bifhops themfelves. But, by degrees, the Popes began to affume a Power of granting fuch Exemptions at Pleafure; and made their Account of the Indulgence of the Bifhops, who were not fumciently appreheniive of all the Confequences. Accordingly, they favour'd whole Orders with the Privilege of Exemption, as the Ciftercians, Dominicans, Carthu- fians, Jejidts, &c.

Things, at length, were brought to fuch a pafs, that there was a Neceflity for putting a Check to Exemptions ; accordingly, the Council of T'rent prohibited, and declar'd them null for the future ; confirming only fuch as were well founded, on legal Concefllons from the Holy See.

EXERCISE, a Repetition of any Operation, for the ftrengthening or retaining of a Habit. See Habit.

Thus, we ufe Exercife of the Body, for the acquiring, or maintaining of Health ; as it contributes both to the Expulfion of the Excrements, and preferving the Tone, and Spring of the Solids. See Health.

People who live a fedentaty Life, and do not ufe Exercife, are liable to Defiuxions, which bring on other Diforders. Games of Hazard are to be difcountenanced, and thofe of Exercife to be promoted. See Games.

Exercife and Quiet make one of the Phyficians Non Naturals. See Non-Naturals,

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EXF

Labour or Exercife Dr. Cheyne obferves, is indifpen- fibly neceffary to prefer ve the Body any Time in due Plight. Let what Diet will be purfued, however adjufted. both in Quantity and Quality, let whatever Evacuations be ufed to leffen the Malady,™ -any Succedaneum be propofed to prevent the ill Effeas ; ftill, our Bodies are fo made and the Animal Oeconomy now fo contrived that with- out due Labour and Exercife, the Juices will thicken the Joints will ftiffen, the Nerves will relax, and on thefe Diforders, Chronical Difeafes, and a crazy old Age, muft enfue. Effay of Health, p. 90. — Of all the Exercifes that are or may be ufed for Health, as Walking, Riding a Horfeback, or in a Coach ; Fencing, Dancing, Sow- ling Digging, Tumping, Ringing, &c. Walking is the moft Natural, and would be the moft ufeful, if it did not fpend too much of the Spirits of the weakly. But now Riding is certainly the moft manly, the moft healthy, and lefs laborious and expenfive of Spirits than any. Id. P- S4> i$c. — Thofe Organs of the Body that are moft ufed, always become ftrongeft ; fo that wc may ftrengthen any weak Organ by Exercife : Thus the Legs, Thighs and Feet of Chairmen ; the Arms and Hands of Watermen ; the Backs and Shoulders of Porters, grow thick, ftrong and brawny by Time and Ufe. 'Tis certain alfo, that fpeaking ftrong and loud, will ftrengthen the Voice, and give Force to the Lungs. Id. p. per. — To the Afthmatic, therefore, and thofe of weak Lungs, I would recommend talking much and loud ; walking up eafy Afcents, iSc. To thofe of weak Nerves, and Digeftion, Riding on Horfe- back : To thofe troubled with the Stone ; riding over rough Caufcways in a Coach : To thofe troubled with Rheumatic Pains, playing at Billiards, Cricket, or Tennis ; To thofe of weak Arms or Hams, playing at Tennis or Foot-ball : To thofe of weak Backs, or Breafts, ringing a Bell, or working at the Pump. Walking through rough. Roads, even to Laffuude, will beft recover the Ufe of the Limbs to the Gouty ; tho' Riding will beft prevent the Difeafe. But the Studious, the Contemplative, the Vale- tudinary, and thofe of weak Nerves, mud make Exercife a Part of their Religion. — A Condition neceffary to ren- der Exercife as beneficial as may be, is that it be ufed on an empty Stomach. — Under the Head of Exercife, Cold-Bathing, and the Flefh-Bmfh, come alfo to be re- commended. — Id. — Ibid. p. 103, 104, £i?c. See Cold- Bathing and Flesh-Brush.

Exercises, in the Plural, is particularly understood of what is taught young Gentlemen in the Academies of the Ecuyers at 'Paris, Sec. As Riding the great Horfe, Dan- cing, Fencing, Vaulting, drawing Fortifications, &c. — TU.S young Nobleman went thro' all his Exercifes with great Applaufe. See Academy, &c.

Exercise, in the Art of War, is the ranging a Body of Soldiers in Form of Battle, and making them practife the feveral Motions and military Evolutions, with the divers Management of their Arms, t?c. to make, or keep them expert thereat againft Occafion.

This is what Vegetius, and other Latin Writers call Meditatio.

EX./ERESIS, or Exheresis, in Chirurgery, an Opera- tion whereby fomething foreign, ufelefs, and'eien pernicious, is taken from the human Body.

The Exarefis is perform'd two Ways r By Extraction, when fomething formed in the Body is drawn out of the fame : And by Detratlion, when fomething is taken away, that had been inttoduced into the Body from without. See Lithotomy, (5c.

The Word is Greek, eZaipas, which fignifies the fame Thing.

EXERGUM, among Medallifts, a little Space, around or without the Work or Figures of a Medal ; for an In- scription, Cypher, Device, Date, or the like, to be put thereon. See Medal, Legend, &c.

The Word is derived from the Greek, sj and ssw. Opus, Work. '

EXFOLIATION, in Chirurgery, the fcaling of a Bone ; or its riling and feparating in Leaves, or Lamina:. See Bone.

Any Part of the Surface of the Cranium that has been bored, is liable to Exfoliation. The Ufe of the Cephalic Powders avails nothing for promoting the Exfoliation, Dionis. The Wound muft not be ftopp'd too much, but the Bone left at Liberty to recover it felf, which it fome- times does, without Exfoliating, particularly in Children, See Trepanning.

The Word is compounded of the Latin ex and fo- lium, Leaf.

EXFOLIATIVE. — An Exfoliative Trepan, is a Trepan proper to fcrape, and at the fame Time pierce, a Bone, and fo to exfoliate, or raife feveral Leaves, or Flakes, one after another.

The Ufe of the Exfoliative Trepan is very dangerous 3 as being apt to ftiake and diforder the Head.

EXHA-