Page:Cyclopaedia, Chambers - Volume 1.djvu/723

 EXA

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EXA

Exaggerating differs from Cancatouring, in that the The Way of Authority i s> without Companion, More •ter preverts, or gives a Turn to the features, *Sc. oi eafy, and better proportion^ to the Reach and Capacity

of fimple Man, than the Way of Difcuffion and Examel

Nicole.

latter preverts,

a Face, which they had not; whereas the former only

improves, or heightens upon what they had.

The latter is a Kind of Burlefque on the Objects, and is generally meant to ridicule. The former is gene- rally an exalting, or enlivening of the Beauties of the Obiea. See Caricatouring.

The Painter is obliged to have Recourfe to ah Exagge- ration, of Colours, both on Account of the Surface of his Ground, the Diftance of his Work; and of Time, and the Air which diminifh and weakens the Force of the Colours. But this Exaggeration mult be conducted in fuch manner, as not to put the Objects out of their natu- ral Characters. 2)e 'Piles.

EXAGON, -} r Hexagon.

EXACHORD, V See .2 Hexachord.

EXAMILION, (3c. 3 CHexamilion, &c.

EXALTATION, Elevation, is chiefly ufed in a figu- rative Senfe, for the railing, or advancing a Perfon to fome Ecclefiaftical Dignity ; and particularly, the Papacy.

The Term Exaltation, is in fome mcafure appropriated to the Pope, and expreffes his Inauguration, Coronation, taking of PoflHfion, and the Beginning of his Pontificate. See Pope.

Exaltation of the Crofs, Exaltatio Crucis, is a Teaft of the Church, held on the itft) of September, in Memory, as is generally fuppofed, of this, that the Emperor Heraclms brought back the true Crofs of Jefits Cbrijt on his Shoulders, to the Place on Mount Calvary, from which it had been carried away fourteen Years before, by Cofroe King of Perfia, at his taking of Jerufalem, under the Reign of the Emperor Phocas. Sec Cross.

The Crofs was deliver'd up, by a Treaty of Peace made with Sine, Cofroe 's Son. — The Inftitution of this Feaft is commonly faid to have been fignalized by a Miracle; in that Heraclius could not ftir out of Jeru- falem with the Crofs, while he had the Imperial Veftments on, enrich'd with Gold and precious Stones; but bore it with Eafe in a common Drefs.

But long before the Empire of Heraclius, there had been a Feaft of the fame Denomination obferved both in the Greek and Latin Churches, on Occafion of what our Saviour faid in St. John XII. %%. And I, if I be exalted, or lifted up, will dram all Men unto me. And again,

in Ch. VIII. ver. z 8. When they fhC.ll have Exalted, or

lift up the Son of Man, thm pall ye know that I Mi he. Fa. 2)u Soulier allures us, that M.Chaftelam was of Opinion, this Feaft had been inftituted, at leaft at Je- rufalem, 24° Teats before Heraclius.

The Feaft of the Dedication of the Temple built by Conftantine, was held, fays Nicephorus, on the 14th of September, the Day the Temple had been confecrated on, in the Tear 335 ; and this Feaft was call'd, the Exaltation cf the Crofs, by reafon it was a Ceremony therein, for the Bifhop of Jervfalem to afcend a high Place built by Conftantine for that Purpofe, in manner of a Pulpit, call'd by the Greeks, the Sacred Myfteries of God, or the Holi- Jefs of God; and there hoift up the Crofs for all the People

l ° Exaltation, in Phyficks, is the Afl, or Operation of elevating, purifying, fubtilizing, or perfecting any natural Body, iis Principles and Parts; as alio the Quality or Difpofition, which Bodies acquire by this Operation. See Maturation and Purification. „„„...,

•Tis this Exaltation of the fulphureous Part m the Sttaw-berries, that gives them their agreeable, vinous Tali Teraerv. - A gentle and temperate Heat of the Body, Exalt] r and difengages the moil volatile Parts of our Food, and difpofes 'em for Nutrition.

The Term Exaltation, is peculiarly affefled by the Chvmifts and Alchymifts, who imagining it to have fome extraordinary Emphafis, are ufing it at every Turn. Moft fulphureous Matters, much Exalted, are obferved to be of

a red Colour. . „. . . ., n,

Exaltation, in Ailrology, is a Dignity which a Planet acquires in certain Signs, or Parts of the Zodiac ; wmch Dignity is fuppofed to give 'em an extraordinary Virtue, Efficacy, and Influence.

The oppofite Sign, or Part of the Zodiac, is calld the S)eieBion of the Planet. See Dejection..

Thus, the fifteenth Degree of Cancer, is the Exaltation of fut'iter, according to Albumazar, by reafon it was theAiendant of that Planet at the Time of the Creation: That of the Sun, is in the 19 th Degree ofyfrzM; and its Dejeftion in Libra: That of the Moon, is m Taurus, &c. 'Ptolemy gives the Reafon hereof in his rirtt Book ie Quadrup.

EXAMEN, or Examination, an exa3 and caretul Search, or Inquiry ; in Order to difcover the Truth, or Faifhood, of a Thing.

Such a Perfon had his Houfe robb'd ; and has made a fevere Examination of all his DomctUcL to find out the Criminal. A Student Hands a rigorous Examination to be admitted to a Degree of Mafter, Batchelor, Doftor (3c. See Degree.

Self Examination, is a Point much infilled on by Divines, and particularly the antient Fathers, by Way of Preparation, or Introduction, to Repentance. S. Ignatius reduces it to five Points, viz. 1°. A returning of Thanks to God for his Benefits. 2°. A Begging ot Grace and Light to know and diftinguiffi our Sins. 3. A running over all our Actions, Occupations, Thoughts and Words; m Order to learn what has been offenfive to God. 4°. A ~ c ggmg of Pardon, and conceiving a fincere Sorrow for having difpleafed him. And 5. A making a firm Refo- lution not to offend him any more, and taking the necef- fary Precautions to preferve us from it.

EXAMINERS, in Chancery, are two Officers, whofe Bu- th 'j' exam '" e i on Oath, the Witnefles produced on both Sides ; upon fuch Interrogatories as the Parties to the Suit do exhibit for the Purpofe. See Chancery.

EXAMPLE, in Rhetoric, (5c. is defined an imperfect Kind of Induction, or Argumentation ; whereby it is proved that a Thing which has happen' d on fome other Occafion; will happen again on the prefent one ; from the Similitude of the Cafes.

As, the Wars of the Thebaiti, againft their Neighbours the Phocians, was ruinous ; confequently, .that of the Athenians againft their Neighbours, will likewife be ruinous.

EXANTHEMA, in Medicine, an Eruption, or Efflo- refcence on the Skin. See Eruption, (3c.

Exanthemata are of two Kinds : The one only a dif- colouring of the Skin ; fuch are the Mealies, the purple Spots in malignant Fevers, &c. — The other are little Emi- nences, or Papillte, Handing out from the Skin, not unlike Puftles, only fmaller. See Measles, (3c.

The Word is form'd of the Greek, tlidtsia, Effervefco, Efflorefco, I flower, or work out.

EXARCH, Exarchus, in Antiquity, a Name given, by the Emperors of the Eajl, to certain Officers fent into Italy, in Quality of Vicars, or rather Pr<efeSs, to defend what Part of Italy was yet under their Obedience, parti- cularly the City of Ravenna, againft the Lombards,' who had made themfelves Mailers of the greateft Part of the reft.

The Refidence of the Exarch was at Ravenna ; which City, with that of Rome, were all that was left the Emperors,

The firft Exarch was the Patrician Soethius, famous for his Treatife, de Confolatione Philofophite ; appointed in 56S by the younger Jujlin. The Exarchs fubfifted about 18; Tears; and ended in Elltychius ; under whofe Exarchate, the City oi Ravenna was taken by the' Lord- bard King AJlulphus, or Afiolphiis.

Fa. Papebroch, in his PropyUtun ad Atta SanEl. Mail, has a Diffcrtation on the Power and Office of the Exar- chus of Italy, in the Election and Ordination of the Pope,

The Word is form'd from the Greek, s|«{X©-, Chief Commander, and particularly in the Factions' of Italy.

Homer, Philo, and other antient Authors, give the Name Exarch to the Choragus, or Mafter of the Singers, in the antient Chorus's ; or he who fung firft : The Word a? v, or af^ifMi, fignifying equally to begin, and to command. See Choragus.

The Emperor Frederic created Heraclius Archbilhop of Lyons, a Defcendant of the illuftrious Houfe of Mont- boiffier ; created him, we fay, Exarch of the whole Kingdom of Burgundy : A Dignity, till that Time, un- known any where but in Italy, particularly in the City of Ravenna. Menellrier Hift. de Lyons.

Exarch of a "Diocefe was, antiently, the fame Thine with Primate. This Dignity was inferior to the Patriarchaf yet greater than the Metropolitan. See Primate.

Exarch, is alfo an Officer ftill fubfifting in the Greek Church. See Greek.

The Modern Exarch is a Kind of Deputy, or Legat a latere of the Patriarch ; whofe Office it is to vifit the Provinces allottedhim, in order to inform himfelf of the Lives and Manners of the Clergy ; take Cognizance of Ecclefiaftical Caufes, the Manner of celebrating Divine Service, the Ad- miniftration of the Sacraments, particularly Confeffion ; the Obfervance of the Canons, Monaftical, Dilcipline, Affairs of Marriages, Divorces, &c. But above all, to take Ac- count of the feveral Revenues, which the Patriarch receives from feveral Churches ; particularly, as to what regards the collecting the fame.

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