Page:Cyclopaedia, Chambers - Volume 1.djvu/722

 EUT

[ 35* ]

EXA

EUSTATHIANS, a Name given to the Catholicks of Antioch, in the IVth'Century; on OccaiTon of their Refufal to acknowledge any other Biftiop befide S. Euflathius, depofed by the Jlrians.

The Denomination was given them during the Regency of Taulims, whom the Arians fubflituted to S. Eufla- thius, about the Year 330, when they began to hold their A'icmblies apart.

About the Tear 350, Leontius of J>hrygia, call'd the_ Eunuch, who was an Arian, and was put in the See of Antioch, defired the F.uflathians to perform their Service in that Church ; which they accepting, the Church of An- riocb ferv'd indifferently both the Ari mis and Catholicks.

This, we are told, gave Occalion to two Inftitutions, which have fubiifted in the Church ever fince : The firft was plUimody in two Choirs 5 but, M. Z'aiUet thinks, that i the) miti'uted an alternate Pfaimody between two Choirs, 'twas between two Cctholic Choirs ; and not by Way of Refponfe to an Arian Choir. The fecond was the Doxology, Glory be to t!:i l-,~'bs,; and the Son, and the Holy Ghofl. Sec Doxology.

This Cr-rxiuet, which feem'd to imply a Kind of Com- mti don with the Arians, gave great Offence to Abundance of Catnt>lick«, who began to hoid feparate Meetings ; and thus form'd the Schifm of Antioch. Upon this, the reft, who continu'd to meet in the Church, ceas'd to be call'd Esuflaihians, and that Appellation became reftrain'd to the Diilenting parry.

S. Fluviauus, Ihftiop of Antioch in 381, and one of his Succeffors, Alexander in 482, brought to pafs a Coalition, 01 Re-union, between the Enftathians and the Body of the Church cf Antioch, defcribed with much Solemnity by 'fheodoret, Eccl. L. III. C. 2.

Eustatk ians, was alfo a Seel: of Hereticks, in the IVth Century ; denominated from their Author Euflathius, a Monk fo fooliihly fond of his own Profeffion, that he con- demn'd ail other Conditions of Life.

He excluded married People from Salvation ; prohibited his Followers from praying in their Houfes ; and obliged them to quit all they had, as incompatible with the Hopes of Heaven.

He dtew them out of the other Aflemblies of the faith- ful, to hold fecret ones with him ; and made them wear a particular Habit ; He appointed them to fall on Sun- days ; and taught them that the ordinary Fails of the Church were needlefs, after they had attained to a certain Degree of Purity, which he pretended to. He Ihew'd a World of Horror for Chappels built in Honour of Martyrs, and the Aflemblies held therein.

Several Women, feduced by his Reafons, forfook their Husbands, and Abundance of Slaves deferred rheir Matters Houfes. He was condemn' d in rhe Year 342, at the Council of Gangres, in c Paphh:gonia.

EU3FYLE, in Architecture, a Kind of Edifice, where the Pillars are placed at a moil convenient Diilancc one frnm another ; the Intercolumniations being all juil two Dial&eters and a Quarter of the Column; except thofe in the middle of the Face before and behind, which are three Diameters diilanr. See Intercolumniation.

Tbe Euflyle is a Medium between the Tycnoflyle and Argoflyle. See Pycnostyle, &c.

The Word Js Greek, being form'd of eu", bene, well, and el/A©-, Column.

VitrvMin-, I.. III. C. 2. obferves, that the Euflyle is the moll approved of all the Manners of Intercolumniation ; and that it furpaffes all the reft, in Conveniency, Beauty, and Strength.

EUTYCHIANS, ancient Hereticks, denominated from Eutyches rhe Archimandrite, or Abbot of a Monaftery at Conftantinople. See Heretic.

The Averfion Eutyches bore to the Herefy of Neftorius, threw him into another Extreme, not lefs dangerous than that he fo warmly oppoied ; tho' fome Paffages in St. Cyril, which rais'd the Unity of the Perfon of Jefas Chrifl very high, contributed, likewife, to his Delufion.

At firft he held, that the Logos, Word, brought his Body down with him from Heaven : which was a near Approach to rhe Herefy of Apollinarius : And tho' he afterwards teftified the contrary in a Synod at Confianti- nopie, wherein he was condemned; yet he could not be brought to acknowledge, that the Body of Jefus Chrift was confubftantial with ours.

In Effect he did not feem quite fteady, and confiftent in his Sentiments 3/ for he appear'd to allow of two Natures, even before the Union; which was apparenrly a Conicquence he drew from the Principles of the Platonic Phibfopny, which fuppofes a Pre-exiftence of Souls ; ac- cordingly, he believed that the Soul of Jefus Chrifl had been united to the Divinity before the Incarnation; but then he allow'd no Diftinclion of Nature in Jefus Chrifl, fince his Incarnation.

See the Differtation of Fa. Hardouin, de Sacramento Altaris, wherein that Jefuit endeavours ro unfold all the Sentiments of the Eutychians.

This Herefy was at firft condemned in a Synod held at Conflantinofle, by Flavian in 448 : Was re-examined, and fulminated in the General Council of Chalcedon in 4J1. The Legates of Pope Leo, who affifted thereat, maintain'd, that it "was not enough to define that there were two Natures in Jefus Chrifl, but infilled ftrenuouily, that to remove all' Equivocation, they muft add thefe Terms, without being changed, or confounded, or divided.

But this Decree of the Council of Chalcedon, at which affifted upwards of S30 Prelares, did not flop the Progrefs of Eutychianiflm : Some Biftiops of Egypt, who had attended at the Council, upon their Return, proclaimed openly, that St. Cyril had been condemned, and Neftorius acquitted therein: Which occafioned great Difotdets; fe- veral Perfons, under Pretence of contending for the Senti- ments of St. Cyril, making no Scruple ot weakening the Authority of the Council of Chalcedon.

The Herefy of the Eutychians, which made a very great Progrefs throughout the Eafl, at length became divided into feveral Branches. Nice} 'horns makes mention of no fewer than twelve: Some call'd Schematic!, or Af pa- rentes, as only attributing to Jefus Chrifl, a Phantom, or Appearance of Flefti, and no real Flelh : Others, T'heo- dofians, from 7'heodofius Bifhop of Alexandria : Others, Jacobites, from one James, Jacobus, of Syria ; which Branch eftablifh'd it felf principally in Armenia, where it ftill fubfifts. See Jacobites. _

Others were call'd Acephali, q. d. without Head, and Severians, from a Monk call'd Severus, who feiz'd on the See of Antioch in 513. See Acephali and Severians.

Thefe laft were fubdivided into Five Factions, viz. Agnoetes, who attributed fome Ignorance to Jejiis Chrifl : Followers of TapJ, MsAaw©-, that is, the Slack ; Ange- lites, thus call'd from the Place where they affembled. Adrites and Conovites, with divers others.

Eutychians, were alfo a Seel half Arian, half Eu- nomian; which arofe nt Constantinople, in the IV th Cen- tury.

It being then a Matter of mighty Controversy among rhe Eunomians at Cojiftantinople, whether or no the Son of God knew the laft Day and Hour of the World; par- ticularly with Regard to the Paffage in the Gofpel of St. Matthew, C. XXIV. Ver. 3S. Or rather that in St. Mark, XIII. 3 r. where 'tis exprefs'd, that the Son did not know it, but the Father only: Eutychias made no Scru- ple to maintain, even in Writing, that the Son did know it: Which Sentiment difpleafing the Leaders of the Euncmzian Party, he feparated from 'em, and made a Journey to Eunomius, who was then in Exile.

That Heretick acquiefced fully in Eutychitis's Doclrine, that the Son was not ignorant of any Thing the Father knew, and admitted him to his Communion: Eunomius dying foon after, the chief of the Eitnomians at Constan- tinople, refufed to admit Eutychitts ; who, upon this, form'd a particular Seel of fuch as adhered to him, call'd Eutychians.

This fame Eittychius, with one T'heophronius, as was faid in Sozomejt's Time, were the Occalions of all the Changes made by the Eunomians in the Adminiftration of Baptifm ; which confifted, according to Nicejihorus, in only making one Immerfion, and not doing it in the Name of the Trinity, but into the Death of Jefus Chrifl.

Nicephorus calls the chief of this Seel, not Eutychitts, but Eupfychius, and his Followers Eunomioeupsychians.

EWRY, an Office in the King's Houihold, where they take Care of the Linen for the King's own Table ; lay the Cloth, and ferve up Water in Silver Ewers after Dinner ; whence the Office hath its Name.

EXACERBATION, the fame as <Paroxyfm. See Pa- roxysm.

EXACTION, in Law, is a Wrong done by an Officer, or one pretending to have Authority, in taking a Reward or Fee, tor that which the Law allows not.

The Diffetence between Exatlion and Extortion confifts in this, that Extortion is where the Officer takes more than his Due : And ExatJion, where he wrefts a Fee or Reward, when none is due. See Extortion.

EXAGGERATION, in Rhetoric, a Figure whereby we enlarge, or heighten Things ; making them appear more than they really are, whether as to Goodnefs, Bad- nefs, or orher Qualities.

The Word is form'd of the Latin, Exaggero, I exagge- rate; which is a Compound of ex, and agger, a Mound, or Elevation of Earth.

Exaggeration, in Painting, isa Method of reprefenting Thinos, wherein they are charged too much, or marked too ftrong ; wherher in refpeel of the Defign, or the Co- louring.

Ex.gge-