Page:Cyclopaedia, Chambers - Volume 1.djvu/680

 ENH

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ENN

Thing is to defign his Figures ; then he moulds 'em in white Wax, of the Size and Depth required : And from this Wax he graves his Punch.

This Punch, is a Piece of Steel, or at Icaft of Iron and Steel mix'd ; on which, ere they temper, or harden it, the intended Figure, whether a Head, or a Reverfe, is cut, or chiffel'd in Relievo. The Inilruments ufed in this Graving in Relievo, which are much the fame as thofe wherewith the finifhing of the Work, in Creux, is effected, arc of Steel. The Principal are Gravers of divers Kinds, Chiffels, Flat- ters, £Sc. When the Punch is finilh'd, they give it a very high Temper ; that it may the better bear the Blows of the Hammer, wherewith it is ftruck, to give the Impreffion to the Matrice. See Punciiion.

What they call Matrice, or Matrix, is a Piece of good Steel of a Cubic Form, call'd alfo Dye ; whereon, the Re- lievo of the Punch is ftruck in Creu:;. It is call'd Matrix, becaufe in the Cavities or Indentures thereof, the Coins, or Medals, feem form'd, or generated, as Animals are in the Matrix of their Mother. To foften this Steel, that it may more eafily take the Impreffion of the Punch, they make it red-hot; and after ftriking the Punch thereon in this State, they proceed to touch up, or finilh the Strokes and Lines, where, by Reafon of their Finenefs, or the too great Relievo, they are any Thing defeftive ; with fome of the Tools abovementioned. See Matrix.

The Figure thus finifhed, they proceed to Engrave the reft of the Medals, as the Mouldings of the Border, the engrail'd Ring, Letters, ISc. All which, particularly the Letters and Engrailment, are perform'd with little Steel Punches, well temper'd, and very /harp. Add, that as they fometimes make Ufe of Punchi'ons, to Engrave the Creux of the Matrix ; fo, on fome Occasions, they make Ufe of the Creux of the Matrix, to Engrave the Relievo of the Punch.

To fee, and judge of the Engraving in Creux; divers Means have been devifed to take the Impreffions therefrom, as the Work proceeds. Sometimes they make Ufe of a Compofition of common Wax, Turpentine, and Lamp-black ; which always retaining its Softnefs, eafily takes the Im- preffion of the Part of the Gr Jiving it is applied to. But this only ferving to /hew the Work piece-meal, they have had Recourfe to other Ways, to /hew the whole Figure. The firft, by pouring melted Lead on a Piece ol Paper, and clapping the Matrice thereon: The fecond, with melted Sulphur, managed the fame Way : And the third, proper only where the Graving is /hallow, by laying a Piece of foft Paper on the Graving, and over the Paper a Leaf of Lead ; when, giving two or three Blows with a Hammer on the Lead, the Paper takes the Impreffion of the Work.

When the Matrix is quite finilh'd, they temper it, rub it well with Pumice-ftone, and clean out the Stone again with a Hair-Bruffi; and laftly, poli/h it with Oil and Emery. In this Condition it is fit for the Mill, to be ufed to ftrike Coins, Medals, iSc. See Coining.

After the like Manner, are the Matrices for calling of Printing Letters, Engraven. See Letter Founder v.

Engraving of Seals, Stamps, •Punchions, Marking Irons, Gilding Irons, and other Matters, for Goldfmifhs, Pewterers, Book-binders, ISJc. either in Relievo, or Inden- ture, is perform'd after the Manner laft defcribed. See Seal, (§c. Engraving in Wood. See Cutting in Wood. ENGROSSING, the Writing a Deed over fair, and in proper Characters.

In the Way of Trade, EngroJJing fignifies the Buying up any Commodity in the Grofs ; Foreftalling the Marker. See Forest al and Monopoly.

ENGUICHE, in Heraldry ; is applied to the great Mouth of a hunting Horn, when it has a Rim of a different Co- lour from the Horn it felf.

ENGYSCOPE, a Machine, better known under the Name of Microscope. See Microscope.

ENHARMONIC, the laft of the three Genera, or Kinds of Mufic. See Genera.

The Enharmonic Genus, is faid to have been thus called by Reafon of its fuperior ExceUence ; Tho' wherein that confifts, lays Mr. Malcolm, we don't fee. It was by all acknowledged fo difficult, that few could praflife ir

The feveral Genera are divided into Diaftems, upon

which the Differences depend : Thofe of the Enharmonic

are the Diefis and Ditonum : Thofe of the Chromatic,

the Bemitomtim and Tnermtonium ; and in the Diatonic,

. the Hemitonium, or Limma, and the 'Tonus.

But under thefe general Names, which 'diftinguim the Genera, there are feveral different Intervals, or Ratio's which conftitute the Chroai, or Colores Genernm, or Species of Enharmonic, Chromatic, and Diatonic. See Di aton 1 c and Chromatic.

EMHERITANCE. See Inheritance. _ ENIGMA, or jENIGMA, Riddle, a Propofition put in obfeure, ambiguous, and generally contradictory Terms to puzzle, or exercife the Wit, in finding out its meaning' Or, an obfeure Dilcourfe, covering fome common, and well known Thing, under remote and uncommon Tetms.

The Word is Greek, Amy/a, literally importing dark knotty Difcourfe, form'd of eamSai, obfeure immere, to hint a Thing darkly. The Latins call it Scirpus : The Hebrews, m'H.

Fran. Junius defines an JEnigma to be an obfeure Pa- rable, or Allegory ; and makes two Kinds : The one greater, rendering the Sentence more intricate and knotty, by a Multitude of Words ; the other lejfer, confifting of only one or two remote Words, or Allufions ; as in Ifaiah C XI. 1. where Jefus Chrifi is call'd -|Sj, furcuhis, Rod! Branch. See Parable.

Fa. Souhours, in the Memoirs of Trevoux, defines an Enigma, a Difcourfe, or Painring, including fome hidden meaning, which is propofed'to be guefs'd. 'Painted Enig- ma's, are Reprefentations of the Works of Nature, or Art conceal'd under human Figures, drawn from Hiftory, or Fable. Thus Jefus Chrifi, in the middle of the Doctors, reprcfents the Bible, SJc. A Verbal Enigma is a witty, artful and abftrufe Defcription of any Thing, ilouhours.

Fa. Meneftrier, has given us a learned Treatife of Enigma's and Enigmatical Figures.

The Ufe of Enigma's was very grear among the E- gyptians. That People, Gale obferves, cover'd their Do- ctrines, both of divine, human, and natural Things, under fuch Difguifes : Thus fome of the Stars, Clemens Alexand. Strom. 5. notes were, on Account of their oblique Motions, liken'd to Serpents, the Sun to a Crocodile, a Ship, iSc.

Gale thinks they might borrow the Cuftoms from the Hebrews, among whom, 'tis certain, the Enigmatic Way was not lefs in Ufe. Witnefs Samfon's Riddle, Judg. XIV. 12, 13. / -will now put forth a Riddle to you, &c. nTn i. s. according to Var.able, an Enigmatical Problem. The LXX render it, vejPMtut, Out of the Eater cams forth Meat, and out of the Strong came forth Sweetnefs. Whereby Eater and Strong, is meant a Lion ; and by Meat, Honey. Solomon is faid to have been particularly ftilful in the Solution of JEnigma's. Jofeph. A-ntiq. Lib. V. C. 2. Clemens affures us, that the Egyptians placed Sphynges before their Temples ; to intimate that the Do- ftrines of God and Religion were ^Enigmatical and Obfeure. See Parable, Hieorglyphic, Emblem, Symbol, Fable, &c.

ENIXUM Sal, .among the Chymifts, a Kind of Neutral Salt, being neither Acid nor Alcalious, but particioating of both.

Such is common Salt, Nitre, Allum, Vitriol, Be. See Sal.

ENMANCHE, in Heraldry, is when a Chief has two Lines drawn from the middle of the upper Edge, to the Sides, the Depth of half the Chief; The two Lines including an obtufe Angle, the Point whereof, is the Centre of the Top of the Chief.

The Heralds conceive this, as bearing fome Refcmhlance to Sleeves ; whence the Etymology of the Word, from the French Manche, Sleeve. It differs from Chappc, where the Lines come from the Top to the Bottom of the Chief.

ENNEADECAETERIS, in Chronology, a Cycle, or Period of Nineteen Solar Tears. See Cycle.

Such is the Lunar Cycle invented by Meton, at the End whereof the Moon returns to the fame Point, from which it departed. Whence the Jews, Athenians, and other Nations, who were minded to accommodate the Lunar Months to the Solar Tear, made Ufe of the Enneade- caeteris; allowing to feven of the Tears 12 Months apiece and to the reft 12.

The Jewifi EnneAdecAeteris is properly a Cycle of 19 Lunar Tears, beginning from Molad Tohu, and re- turning again and again; whereof, every 3 d, tf'h, g<h, n'Hj I4 ,B , 17 th , and ij'h, are Embolifmic, or of 385 Days, 21 Hours a-piece; the reft common, or of 354 Days, 8 Hours a-piece. See Tear.

Confequcntly, the Jewifh Enneadecaeteris is ffc.30 Days. See Embolismic.

The Word is Greek, avia.Ji13f.v1ei;, form'd of utlit nine, Jfot ten, and y@- Tear.

ENNEAGON, in Geometry, a Figure of Nine Angles, and Nine Sides. See Poeygon.

The Word is form'd of atnia. Nine, and yisU Angle.

In Fortification, Enneagon is a Place with Nine Baftions. See Fortified Place.

ENNEATICAL Days, are every Ninth Day of a Sickneis ; which fome imagine naturally occafions a great Alteration, either for better or worfe. See Critical Days.

Ennea-