Page:Cyclopaedia, Chambers - Volume 1.djvu/678

 ENG

[ 312 ]

ENG

February, and March. The Method, as now praflifed, is thus :

The Head of the Stock being fawn, or cut off, fmooth and clean ; a perpendicular Cleft is made therein, nearly two Inches deep, with a ftrong Knife, or Chiffel, as near the Pith as mav be to mifs it. In this Cleft, the grafting Chiffel, or Wedge, is put to keep it open. The Graft, or Cyon, is prepared by cutting it a-flope, in Form of a Wedge, to fuit the Cleft, only leaving a fmall Shoulder on each Side : And, when cut, is to be placed exaflly in the Cleft, fo, as that the inner Bark of the Cyon may aptly, and clofely, joyn to the inner Part of the Bark, or Rind of the Stock • in the dexterous Performance of which, the chief Secret confifts. If the Cleft pinch too tight, a fmall Wedge may be left in it to bear the Strefs. And, laftly, the Cleft is covcr'd over with Clay: Or rather, as M. Gentil advifes, with Mofs, or the frefh Bark of a) Tree bound on with OJier.

The Reader, who would have this in more elegant Terms, may be furnifh'd from Virgil.

Aut rttrfmn Enodes l"runci refecantur, £? alte Finditiir in folidtmi Cwieis via : delude feraces 'PlantdS Immittuntur : nee longum tempts, £2 Ingens Exiit ad Ccelma ramis felicibus Arbos, Miraturque novas frondeis, & non fua poma.

Grafting in the Rind, or Shoulder-Gx.AvrmG, cal- led alfo Slicing and 'Packing ; is praflifed in the latter End of April, or Beginning of May. The Method is as follows :

The Top of the Stock is cut off in a fmooth, ftraight Place : Then the Cyon, or Graft, is prepared by cutting it on one Side from the Joynt, or Seam down llopewife, making the Slope about an Inch long ; and obferving its Eent, that fo, when the Cyon is fixed to the Stock, it may Hand nearly upright. At the Top of the Slope, they make a Shoulder, whereby it is to reft on the Stop of the Stock. The whole Slope to be plain and fmooth, that it may lie even to the Side of the Stock. As to the Length of the Cyon, lor a Standard Tree, it may lie about four Inches from the Shoulder ; but for a Dwarf, or Wall Tree, fix Inches. The Cyon prepared ; the out-fide is applied to the Weft, or South Weft Side of the Stock, and its Length and Breadth meafured thereon ; which done, the Bark of the Stock is cut away to thofe Dimeniions, that the cut Part of the Cyon may fit it. Wherein, Regard is to be had to the Bignefs of the Stock, and the Thicknefs of the Bark, to proportion the length and breadth of the Chip thereto ; otherwife the Paffagcs of the Juice in the Stock and Cyon will not meet. Laftly, laying the Cut-Part of the Cyon on that of the Stock, they bind them together ■with Woollen Yarn, and cover the whole with Clay an Inch above, and as far below the Stocks Head : Working it round the Cyon, till it become iharp at Top, that the Rain may run down it.

This Method has feveral Advantages beyond the former : As that the Wound heals up fooner ; and that, in the mean Time,\ it is in lefs Danger from the Weather 5 that it does lefs Injury to the Stocks and Grafts, as avoiding thofe fevere Splittings and Pinchings : That the Bark is more eafily placed in the Paffagc of the Sap here, than in the Cleft : That the Graft thrives and ftioots with greater Vigour, and bears fooner in this Way than in that : And that it is practicable on fmaller Stocks than the other, which muft have a good Body, and Confiflence, e're they can bear Cleaving.

Grafting in the Sark, is perform'd thus :

Prepare the Stock, and Cyon, as in Grafting in the Rind; but, inflead of cutting the Sark of the Stock, flit the fame on the South Weft Side, from the Top, almoft as long as the floap'd Part of the Cyon ; and at the Top of the^Slit loofen the Sark, with the Top of your Knife. Thruft jour Inftrument, made of Ivory, Silver, or the like, and form'd at the End like the Hope End of the Cyon but much lefs, down, between the Sark and Wood, to make Room for the Cyon ; which being put in the Sark, is to be fo managed, as that it may fall clofe to the Stock, and Edges of the Cyon.

Grafting by Approach, call'd alfo Inarching, and AblaSation. See the Method thereof under the "Article Ablactation.

W/&/?-Grafting, or 2o;zg»e-GnAFTiNG, is a Sort of Grafting in the Rind, proper for fmall Stocks, from an Inch Diameter to a Quarter of an Inch. Mr. London fpeaks of it as the moft effectual Way of any, and that moft in Ufe.

In this, the Stock and Cyon are to be of the fame Bio- nefs. The Cyon to be flop'd off a full Inch, or more°; and the like to be done to the Stock ; and fo the one to be tied to the other. Otherwife, the Top of the Stock

being cut off, a Shoulder is to be made in the Graft : And the reft to be performed as already fhewn under Grafting in the Rind. J

This Method is alfo improved by what they call tipping or tonguing ; which is, the making a Slit with a Knife in the bare Part of the Stock, downwards ; and the like in the Hoped Face of the Cyon, upwards : And then, joyning them, by thrufting one Slice into the other, till the bare Place of the Cyon cover that of the Stock.

iSVie-GRAFTiNG. In this, the Cyon is prepared as in Whif-Grafting, but the Head of the Stock is not cut off. Only, from a fmooth Part on the Weft Side, fo much of the Bark is pared off as the Cyon will cover ; then flit- ting both Cyon and Stock, as in the laft Article, they bind the two together, and clofe them up with Clay. At the Tear's End, the Top of the Stock is cut off at the grafted Place, flopewife, and the Place cover'd with Clay.

Scutcheon-Gikh-sTiHG, is another Method of Grafting in the Rind, praffifed in June, July and Auguft ; when the Bark will not part from the Stock. 'Tis perform'd, by flitting the Bark of the Stock in Form of the Capital Letter T, loofening it with the Point of a Knife, and clapping in a Cyon, prepared as above. Sec Scutcheon. Cro-it'^-GRAFTiNG, is when four or more Grafts, are placed round the Stock, between the Bark and the Rind, fomewhat in the Manner of a Crown. This is only practifed in the larger Trees, which are capable of receiving a Number of Grafts, and are too big to be cloven. The Method is in all Rcfpcfts the fame as that already deliver'd for Grafting in the Rind.

.Roo^-Grafting, is a modern Invention, treated on at large by Agricsla : Its Intention is fomewhat different from the former, being for the Propagation, or Multiplica- tion of Plants.

To perform this, take a Graft, or Sprig of a young Tree, which you intend to propagate; and a fmall Piece of the Root of another Tree of the fame Kind, or very like it; or elfe Pieces of Roots cut off of other Trees, in tranfplant- ing; and Whip-Graft them together: Obferving, that the two But-Ends of the Graft and Root be united, and that the Rind of the Root joyn that of the Graft. Thefe may, after- wards, be planted out at Plcafure, and the Piece of Root will draw the Sap, and feed the Graft, as the Stock does the other Way.

This Way of Propagation is very eafy and expeditious ; Roots being more plentiful than Stocks : By this Method the Pieces of Roots of one Crab-ftock, or Apple-ftock, will ferve for 20 or 30 Apple Graff's, and the lite of other Trees. The fame is an excellent Way for raiiing of tender Trees, that will hardly bear bclnggrafted in the Stock. Add, that Trees thus grafted, bear fooner, and are more eafily dwarfed, than thofe done any other Way. See Dwarf.

Re-iterated Grafting, or Grafting by a double, or triple Iticifion, is another Method mention'd by Agricola. To perform this, firfb graft a good Cyon on a Stock and cut it away to one half, or a third Part ; then fix another Graft to it, of a better Kind ; and a third to that : For tiill, the oftener a Tree is engrafted, the finer Fruit it produces.

By this Method, that Author affures us, he produced Mufcat Pears, that were admirable; making, at firft, ufe of a Stock grafted with a Pound Pear, on which he graft- ed a Summer Son Chretien ; and when the Branch of this latter had fhot, he grafted on it a Cyon of Ser- gamot ; which he alfo cut, and grafted on it a Cyon of a Mufcat Pear.

Engrafting of Branches, Agricola mentions as a very certain and profitable Operation, beft praSifcd on large, full grown, and even old Trees.

To do this, half or more of the Branches muft be lopp'd off, and Grafts of three or four Years old be applied to them ; taking Care to have Stakes, or other Things, to fupport them againft the Wind, ($c.

He adds, that by this Method, you will have, perhaps, the fame Year, at leaft, the fecond or third, fuch a Quantity of Fruit, as the youngeft and foundeft Tree would hardly produce.

Engrafting of the Small-<Pox. See Inoculation.

r/Y7Yn nnn engrail'd, or ingrail'd,

" " ' in Heraldry, (from the French Grejle,

Hail) is when a Thing is rcprefented with its Edges ragged, or with half rounds flruck thereon, as if broke by fomething falling on it ; as in the adjoyning Figure.

It differs from Indented, in that the Breaches there are all in ftrait Lines ; but here Semi-circular : And from InveSed, in that the Points of the little Arches are turn'd inwards towards the middle of the Fieid ; which in In- veSed, are turn'd outwards. See Indented and In- vected.

Spelman calls it in Latin Imbricatus, others Ingrediattis, and others Striatus.

EN-