Page:Cyclopaedia, Chambers - Volume 1.djvu/672

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void Place in the middle, where the Piece is to be put for the Enamels to melt. The Colours are laid on with the Tip or Point of the Pencil, as in Mignature ; with this only Difference, that they ufe Oil of Afpic to dilute them initead of Gum Water. See Micnature. Method of Enamelling by the Lamp.

The Works of this Kind are all perform'd by the Fire of a Lamp ; wherein, in Lieu of Oil, is put Horfes Greafe, call'd Caballin Oil.

The Lamp is of Copper, or Tin, and confifls of two Parts, the Box and the Lamp : In the latter of thefe, which is a Kind of flat Oval, is put the Oil, and out of this rifes the Wick. All the Ufe of the Box is to receive the Oil, which the Ebullition, occafion'd'by the intenfe Heat, might throw abroad.

This Lamp, or even where two or three Artifls work toge- ther, two or three more Lamps, are placed on a Table of a proper Height, t£c. under which, about the middle of its Height, is a double Bellows like thofe of an Organ, which one of the Workmen raifes and falls with his Foot, to in- creafe and quicken the Flame of the Lamps, which is by fuch Means rais'd to a Degree of Vivacity almolt in- credible.

The Wind of the Bellows is convey'd to the feveral Lamps, tho' never fo many, by Means of Grooves cut along the Thicknefs of the Table, and cover'd with Parchment, extending from the Bellows, to a Tube or Pipe placed be- fore each Lamp. Thefe Tubes are of Glafs, and that the Enamellers may not be incommoded with the Heat of the Lamp, each Tube is cover'd at about fix Inches Di- flance with a Piece of Tin, call'd a Fan, fixed in a Hole of the Table. In Works that don't take up much Time, they content themfelves with a Glafs Blow-Pipe, to heighten the Flame of the Lamp.

Applying their Cake of Enamel to the Flame of this Lamp, they draw it out into Threads inconceivably fine. Thoie made ufe of in artificial Plumes of Feathers are fo very flcnder, that they may be wound on a Reel, like Silk or Thread.

The factitious Jeats of divers Colours, fomctimes ufed in Embroideries, are alfo made of Enamel 7 and that with fo much Art, that each Piece has its Hole to pafs the Silk thro', wherewith it is few'd. Thefe Holes are made by blowing them in long Pieces, which are afterwards cut off with a proper Tool.

See the 'Procefs of draining out the Enamel, illuf rated Under the Article Ductility.

'Tis rare that the Dutch, or Venetian Enamels, are ufed pure : The common Way is to melt them in an Iron Ladle, with an equal Quantity of Glafs or Cryflal. And when the two Matters are in perfect Fufion, they draw it out into Threads of different Sizes, as Occafion requires, by taking a Quantity between two Pipe-Stopples, held in the two Hands, and removing them afunder as far as the Arms will reach. If the Thread is to be longer than the Workman can flretch, a fecond Perfon takes one of the Ends, and continues to draw it out while the firft con- tinues to keep the Enamel to the Flame. All the Threads drawn after this Manner arc round ? fo that if the Na- ture of the Work require them to be flat, they are after- wards drawn thro' a Pair of Pinchers while yet hot. They have another Iron Inflrument, in Manner of Flyers, to draw out the Enamel by the Lamp, when it is to be work'd, or difpofed in Figures, or otherwife. LafUy, they have glafs Tubes, of various Sizes, ferving to blow the Enamel into various Figures, and preferve the neceffary Vacancies therein, as alfo to fpare the Stuff, and form the Contours.

When the Enameller goes to Work, he feats himfelf before his Lamp, with his Foot on the Trcddle 5 and hold- ing in his left Hand the Piece of Work he has to Enamel, or the Brafs or Iron Wiars his Figures are to be forrn'd with ; with his right Hand, he draws out the Thread from the Enamel held to the Lamp : And this with a Dexterity and Patience equally furprizing.

There is nothing but may be thus rcprefented in Ena- mel; and there are Figures fo finely finiih'd of this Kind, that one would take them to have come out of the Hands of the ableft Sculptors.

EN ARTHROSIS, a Kind of Jointing, or Articulation, wherein the Cavity that receives is deep, and the Bone re- ceiv'd oblong. See Diarthrosis.

Such is that of the Huckle-Bone, iSc. See Articu- lation.

ENC/ENIA, a Greek Term, fignifying Refiauration, Renovation.

Enctenia was the Name of a Feafl, celebrated by the Je-ws, on the z^th of the Ninth Month, in Memory of the Dedication, or rather Purification, of the Temple, by Judas Machabans, after its being polluted and plunder'd by Antiochus E/ii^hanes.

They had alfo two other Ettcania ; the Dedication of the Temple by Solomon ; and that by Zorobabel after the Return rrom the Captivity. See Dedication. '

The Word is wrote in the Greek, iywna., beins form'd of the Prepofition u and yj,ivk 7 new.

In the Fathers, and Church Hiflory, we likewife meet with Encomia, for the Dedication of Chrillian Churches - St. Atlguftine allures us, that in his Time, the Ufe of the Word Encania was even transferr'd to profane Matters - and that they call'd it Enaeniare, when they put on a new Suit of Cloaths.

Our Tranflators of the Bible don't retain the Word Enctema, m St. John X. 22. where mention is made thereof : In lieu ot that, they call it, Feafl of the Dedi- cation, which is much lefs proper. In Effect, it was not tne Feaft of the Dedication, but of the Purification, or Re- confecration of the Temple profaned.

ENCANTHIS, in Medicine, a Tumor of the Can

Lachrymalis, in the great Canthus or Angle of the Eye. See Caruncle.

It is oppofed to Rhyas, which is a Diminution, or Con- fumption of the fame Caruncle. See Rhyas.

The Encanthis is occafion'd by a Defluxion on that Part, or an Ulcer therein not readily enough dried.

The Word is Greek, iyrstSi!, form'd of the Prepofition n and 1W.W5, Corner of the Eye.

ENCAUSTICE, the Art of Enamelling. See Ena- melling.

ENCEPHALI, in Medicine, an Epithet applied to Worms generated in the Head ; where they occafion violent Pains, mfomuch as fometimes to produce Diffraction. See Worms.

There are four Kinds of Encefhali, thofe properly fo call'd, which are found in the Brain : The Narwarii, in the Nofe ; Auriculares, in the Ears , and the 2>eutales, in the Teeth.

The Encefhali, properly thus call'd, are rare : But there are certain Difeafes wherein they fwarm ; and we are told of peflilential Fevers that arofe wholly from them.

In one of thefe Fevers, the Phyficians having open'd the Body of a Perfon it had carried off, they found a little, fhort, red Worm in the Head. Hereupon, they tried various Medicines to find what might deftroy it : But all in vain, till Malmfey Wine, wherein Horfe Radiih had been boil'd, was applied : This was no fooner thrown on the Worm than it died. The fame Remedy was afterwards tried on the Sick ; and it recover'd 'em almofl all. The like have alfo been taken out by Trepanning, and the Patient re- cover. See Vermes.

The Word is compounded of the Prepofition lv 3 in, and y^5c4A;), Head.

ENCEPPE, in Heraldry, denotes chain'd, or girt round the middle ; as is ufual with Monkeys, %3c

ENCHANTMENT. See Magic, Sorcery, and Witchcraft.

ENCHASING, INCHASING, or CHASING, the Art of Enriching, and beautifying Gold, Silver, and other Metal Works, by forne Dcfign, or Figures rcprefented thereon in low Relievo.

Chafing is only praflifed on Hollow, thin Works - as Watch-Cafes, Cane-Heads, Twtezer-Cafes, or the like.'

'Tis perform'd by punching or driving out the Metal to form the Figures, from with-infide, fo, as there to {land out prominent from the Plane, or Surface of the Metal.

In order to this, they have a Number of fine Steel Blocks or Puncheons, of divers Sizes : And, the Defign beino drawn on the Surface of the Metal, they apply the infide upon the Heads, or Tips, of thefe Blocks, directly under the Lines or Parts of the Figures. Then, with a fine Hammer flriking on the Metal, fuftain'd by the Block ; the Metal yields, and the Block makes an Indenture, or Cavity on the infide ; correfpondent to which, there is a Prominence on the outfide, which is to fiand for Part of the Figure.

Thus, the Workman proceeds to Chafe, and finifh'all the Parts, by fucceffive Applications of the Block, and Hammer, to the feveral Parts of the Defign.

And 'tis furprizing, with what Beauty, and Juflnefs, by this fimple Piece of Mechanifm, the Artifls in this Kind Will reprefent Foliages, Grottefqucs, Animals, Hiftories, (Sc.

ENCHE1RES1S, in Anatomy, the fame with 'DijfeElion. See Dissection.

ENCLAVE, in Heraldry, is where one Thing is let into another ;. particularly where the Jointure is Square.

ENCLITICA, in the Greek Grammar, certain Particles which flick fb clofely to the preceding Word, that, as if united with it, they only feem to form one Word together.

Whence it happens, that the Word which fuftains them, does generally likewife bear the Accent that governs them, and efpecially when the Enclitic is a Mono yllabie

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