Page:Cyclopaedia, Chambers - Volume 1.djvu/670

 EMU

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ENA

hollow Eyes, the Tips of the Fingers hot, and a Swelling of the Abdomen. , ..

The Cure is difficult, from the Difficulty, of ablorbing, or evacuating fuch extravafated Matter : If Nature fhews anv Endeavour to throw it off by Vomiting, or Urine, or the like, flic mufl be fecondcd, and affifted therein. Thus, if the Urine be purulent, adminifter Diureticks ; if the Stools, Laxatives ; if the Spitting, Expeftorants, or even Emeticks ; otherwife, Recourfe muft be had to a Para- centesis, or Tapping. See Paracentesis. _

In Order to this, an Aperture muft be made in the Thorax by a proper Inftrument, on the Side affefled, be- tween the nth and %tb, or the jtB and 6th Ribs, rec- koning from the lowcft ; and thro' this, the Pus muft be flowly drawn. See Cannula.

There is aifo a Kind of Spurious, or Saftard Empyema, proceeding from a pituitous, or ferous Humour, brought by fome Duel, or Paffage, into the Thorax ; where cor- ruoting, it degenerates into a Matter like Pus.

An Empyema, in Courfe of Time, breeds a Phthifis. See Phthisis.

The Word is form'd of the Greek, tv, in, and wa, Pus : The Letter v, being here changed into p.. Which is a Thin" often obferved in other Languages, when the n happens to come, in Compofition, fiefore the Labials b and p. Witnefs the Latin Embcimmit, Emblema, Empo- rium, &c.

EMPYREUM, among Divines, is the higheft of the Heavens, wherein the Bleffed enjoy the beatific Vifion j call'd alfo the Empyrean Heaven, and Paradife.

Some of the Fathers take the Empyreum to have been created before the Heaven we fee : St. Safil, and Eufta- tbius of Antioch, maintain it in exprefs Terms. Being the Abode of God, they fuppofe it muft be luminous in the higheft Degree ; and are in Pain to account for the Darkr.cfs, which our Part of the World was in, before the Creation of the Sun, &c. As judging that the infinitely •vivid Luftre of the Empyreum, muft diffufe it felf to the grcatcft Depths of this lower World.

They have, therefore, Recourfe to an Hypothefis ; our vi- sible Heavens, according to them, did the Office of a Skreen,or Curtain, and fhelter'd the Earth and Waters from the Light of the Empynim. See Fa.Souciet, Differt. p. 171, 17:. The Word is form'd of '.v, and s»»f, Fire, by Reafon of its Splendour.

EMPYREUMA, in Chymiftry, ISc. Smell or Tafte of burning ; a Quality, or Change, in Bodies that have been burnt, or much fcorch'd with Fire, fenfible to the Taft and Smell ; or, perhaps, it may be the foreign Matter imprefs'd, or added by the Fire, and remaining on the burnt or icorch'd Part, that gives the new offenfive Smell and Flavour.

The Term is chiefly ufed when in boiling, or diftilling any Thing, it flicks and burns to the Bottom of the Veffel, or Alembic, the offenfive Smell and Taft whereof are exprefs'd by the Word Empyreuma.

It is alfo ufed for the Heat remaining upon the De- clcnfion of a Fever.

The Word is form'd of the Greek, IpOTSsti'"", to in- flame, kindle.

EMRODS, or rather Hemorrhoids. See Hemorrhoids. EMULATION, a Noble Jealoufy, between Perfons of Virtue, or Learning, contending for the Superiority therein. Plato obferves of Emulation, that it is the Daughter of Envy ; if fo, there is a deal of Difference between the Mother and the Offspring : The one is a Virtue, and the other a Vice. Emulation admires great Actions, and ftrives to imitate them ; Envy refufes them the Praifes that are their Due : Emulation is generous, and only thinks of furpaffing a Rival ; Envy is low, and only feeks to leffen him.

The Word comes originally from the ' Greek, api^ha, Difpute, Debate ; whence the Latin JEmulus, and thence our Emulation.

EMULGENT, in Anatomy, an Epithet beftow'd on thofe Arteries, which bring the Blood to the Kidneys ; and thofe Veins, which carry back what is Superfluous thereof. See Kidney.

The Emulgent Arteries Spring from the defcending Trunk of the Aorta ; and the Emulgent Veins terminate in the afcending Trunk of the Cava. See Cava and Aorta.

EMULSION, in Medicine, a liquid, gentle Remedy, of a Colour, and Confiftence, refembling Milk.

It is compofed of Oleaginous Seeds, Kernels, or Fruits, pounded in a Mortar, and diffolved in diftill'd Waters, or light Decoctions ; afterwards, exprefs'd, or ftrain'd and fweeten'd with Sugar, or Syrup.

Emulfiom ferve to temper, dilute, and foften Acrimonies of the Bread ; to moderate rhe Heat of the Kidneys ; foften the Sharpnefs of the Urine ; and give the Patient Reft and EaSe.

The Seed of the Melon is one of the four greater cold Seeds, much ufed in Emulfions : The Seed of the great Gourd is alfo ufed in Emulfions, Broths, and Decoctions.

The Word is form'd from the Latin, emulgere to* milk.

EMUNCTORY, in Medicine and Anatomy, a Part of the Body deftined for the Separarion of fome Humour judg'd uSeleSs, or even hurtful to the Animal ; after its having circulated fome Time with the Blood. See Excrement.

The Word alfo implies a Cavity, adjoyning to the Part that feparates j wherein the excrementitious Humour is col- lected and preServed in Readinefs for Evacuation.

The Kidneys, urinary Bladder, and milliary Glands of the Skin, are Emuntlories : The Parotides are not pro- perly EmunSories, becaufc deftined to Separate the Saliva, which is no ufelefs, or excrementitious Humour, but ne- ceffary for the Digeftion of the Food.

Some, without much Propriety, confine Emuntlory to the Receptacle into which the fecreted Excrement is dis- charged 5 as the pituitous Humour of the Brain into the Noftrils 5 the Cerumen into the Ears 5 the Excrements into the Inteftines, &c. Tho' this laft has not undergone any Circulation.

The Word is form'd from the Latiiz Verb, Emtingere, to wipe.

ENALLAGE, in Rhetoric, a Figure whereby we change, and invcrr the Order of the Terms in a Difcourfe ; againft the common Rules of Language. See Figure.

The Grammarians, too, have a Kind of Enallage, whereby there is a Change either of a Pronoun, as when a Poffeffive is put for a Relative, e. gr. funs for ejus ; or of a Verb, as when one Mood, or Tcnfe, is put for another.

The Word is derived from the Greek, spaAAcs9?\ form'd of zva.hhd.'rleiV) which fignifles to change, as well as the fimple Verb aKhatlw.

ENALURON, in Heraldry, is ufed by Guillim, to exprefs a Bordure charged with Birds j as, with an Ena- luron of Martlets, &c. But Mackenzy charges this as a Miftake on the Author, arifing from Ignorance of the French Tongue : Enaluron properly signifies in Manner of Orle, or Bordure, and is applicable to a bearing of any Thing in that Form.

ENAMEL, popularly AMEL, a Kind of coloured GlaSs, by the Latins call'd Encauftum, and by the French Efmail$ ufed in Enamelling, and Painting in Enamel. See Ena- melling, and Painting in Enamel.

The Bails of Enamel is the fineft Cryftal Glafs, made of the beft Kali from Alicant, and Sand vitrified together, See Glass.

To this Glafs arc added Tin and Lead in equal Quan- tities, calcined by a reverbatory Fire. Such is the fundamental Compofition of Enamel 5 to which are added other metallic or mineral Matters, to give it the Colour required : As JEs Vfium for Green, Crocus Martis for Yellow, E?c.

We may diftinguifh three Kinds of Enamel: The firft intended for the counterfeiting and imitating of pretious Stones : The fecond, for Painting in Enamel : And the third ufed by the Enamellers, Jewellers, and Goldfmiths, on Gold, Silver, and other Metals ; with which laft Kind, particularly the White, it is that the Makers of the Dutch Ware, give the Luftre and Polifti to their Works.

The Enamel ufed in imitating pretious Stones, and that for Painting, is prepared by the Workmen themSelves, em- ploy'd in thofe Arts : The reft is brought from Venice and Holland. The Compofition is the fame, in the main, in all the three Kinds : All the Difference confifts in giving it the Colour, or Tranfparency.

For that ufed in imitating pretious Stones. See Pre- tious Stones.

Enamels for Painting.

The 'white Enamel, or Colour, ufed by the Painters in Enamel, is the fame with the common Enamel, ufed by Enamellers : Only, 'tis to be prepared by grinding, and cleanfing it with Aqua fonts. After which, wafliing it well in fair Water, 'tis ground, or pounded a-frefh in a Flint or Agat Mortar. The ruddy brown, is made with Feces of Vitriol, and Salt-Petre, or with Iron Ruft, welt ground on an Agat, with Oil of Afpic. Slack, is made of Perigueu* well calcined, and ground with Oil of Afpic 5 to which is added an equal Quantity of the Goldfmiths, or Enamellers black. Tellow, is the fame with the Gold- fmiths Yellow, the Compofition whereof will be given hereafter. Slue is made of the Azure, or Lapis, ufed by the Painters in Oil, well purified and prepared with Brandy, and expofed in a Bottle five or fix Days to the Rays of the Sun. Vermillion Red, is made with Vitriol calcined between two Crucibles, luted together j then wafh'd in Aqua fort is, and afterwards in. fair Water: The Fire to be moderate, and to remain about half an Hour.

Lake