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 EMP

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EMP

The Emperors, however, pretend, that the Imperial Dignity is more eminent than the Regal; but the Foun- dation of fuch Prerogative does not appear : 'Tis certain the grcatcft, molt antient, and abfolutc Monarchs, as thofc of Babylon, c Perfia i Affyria, Egypt, Macedonia, &c. were called by the Name of Kings in all Languages, both An- tient and Modern. See Kino.

'Tis difputed whether or no Emperors have the Power of difpofing of the Regal Title : 'Tis true, they have fometimes taken upon them to erect. Kingdoms ; and thus it is, that 'Bohemia and Poland are laid to have been rais'd to the Dignity : Thus, alfo, the Emperor Charles the Bald, in the Year 877, gave Provence to Bofon, put- ting the Diadem on his Head, and decreeing him to be called King ; Ut more prifeortim Imperatorum Regibus videretur 'Uominari.

Add, that the late Emperor Leopold, erected the Ducal fruffia into a Kingdom, in Favour of the Elector of Brandenburgh ; but feveral of the Kings of Europe re- filled, for fome Time, to acknowledge him in that Capa- city : Tho' by the Treaty of Utrecht, in 17 12, they all came in.

In the Eafl, the Title, and Quality of Emperor are more frequent than among us : Thus the Soveraign Princes of China, Japon, Mogol, 'Perfia, &c. are all Emperors of China, jfapon, &c.

In the Wefl, the Title has been a long Time reftrain'd to the Empire of Germany. The firft who bore it was Charlemagne, who had the Title Emperor conferr'd on him by Pope Leo III, tho' he had all the Power before.

In the Year 17;;, the Czar of Mlffcovy affirmed the Title of Emperor of all Raffia ; and procured himfelf to be recognized as fuch by moll of the Princes and States of Europe.

The Authority of the Emperor of Germany, over the States of the Empire, confifts, i". In prefiding at the Im- perial Dyets, ana in having a negative Voice therein : So that his Vote alone can prevent all the Refolutions of the Dyct. 2 . In that all the Princes, and States of Germany, are obliged to do him Homage, and fwear Fidelity to him, 3°. That he, or his Generals, have a Right to command the Forces of all the Princes of the Empire, when united together. 4°. That he receives a Kind of Tribute from all the Princes and States of the Empire, call'd the Roman Month. For the refl, there is not a Foot of Land, or Territory, affected to his Title.

The Kings of France were alfo call'd Emperors at the Time when they reign'd with their Sons, whom they af- filiated to the Crown : Thus, Hugh Capet, having affo- ciated his Son Robert, took the Title of Emperor ; and Robert^ that of King. Under which Titles they arc mention'd in the Hiftory of the Council of Rheims, by Gebert, &c. King Robert is alfo called Emperor of the French by Helgau of Fleury. Louis le Gros, upon aflo- ciating his Son, did the fame. In the firft Regiiler of the King's Charters, Fol. 166. are found Letters of Louis le Gros, dated in 1111J, in Favour of Raymond Bilhop of Maguelonne, wherein he flyles himfelf, Ludovicus Dei Ordinante *Providentia Francorum Imperator Auguflus.

The Kings of England had likewife, antiently, the Title of Emperors ; as appears from a Charter of King Edgar: Ego Edgarus Anglorum Bafileus Omniumque Regum In- fularum Oceani qu<£ Britanniam circumjacent, t£c. Im- perator & Domimis.

Add, that we fay, the King of England, Omnem habet fPoteflatem in Regno fiw quam Imperator vendicat in Imperio : Whence the Crown of England has been long ago declared in Parliament to be an Imperial Crown.

EMPERESS, Imperatrix, the Feminine of Emperor ; applied either to an Emperor's Wife, or to a Woman who rules fingly over an Empire, with all the Authority of an Emperor: As at this Time the Emperefs of Raffia.

Emperess, is alfo ufed, in the antient French Poetry, for a particular Kind of Rhime, thus denominated by Way of Excellence. See Rhime.

The Rime Emperiere was a Sort of Crown'd Rime, wherein the Syllable that made the Rime, was immedi- ately preceded by two other like Syllables, of the fame Termination ; which made a Kind of Echo, called the triple Crown ; and which, to the Shame of the Nation, (as fome of their late Authors exprefs it) their bell antient Poets took for a wonderful Beauty and Excellence.

Fa. Mourgues, in his Treatife of French Poetry, gives us an Inftance very proper to give us a Contempt of the miferable Tall of that Antiquity, which knew no Way of Exprefling, that the World is impure, and fubjea to change, fo admirable, as by faying,

<$u' es tu qu'un Immonde, Monde, onde.

EMPHASIS, in Rhetoric, &c. a Force, Strefs, or Energy, in Expreffion, Action, Geflure, £?c.

This Orator fpcaks with a World of Emthalis • all w Words have an Empbafis. What greater Punilhrn'ent favl de la Bruyere, than to hear indifferent Vcrfes rrhLjj with all the Empbafis of an ill Poet ?

The Word is Greek, \yq&uK.

EMPHATICAL, in Rhetoric. See Emphasis.

Emphatical is alfo ufed by the antient Philofophers to exprefs thofe apparent Colours, (as they call them) which are often feen in Clouds before the Riling, or after the Setting of the Sun, or thofe in the Rainbow, iSc. See Colour.

Thefe, becaufe they arc not permanent and lalling, they will not allow to be true Colours. But, fince thefe Em- phatical Colours are Light, modified chiefly by Refraction, and with a Concurrence of Reflections, and fome other accidental Variations ; and being the proper Objects of Sight, and capable as truly to affect it, as other permanent Colours are : There is no Reafon for excluding them from the Number of true and genuine Colours 5 lince all other Colours are only Modifications of Light as thefe are. See Light.

EMPHRACTIC, in Pharmacy, the fame with Emplafiic. See Emplastic.

The Word is form'd from the Greek, lyig/lia, I flop.

EMPHYSEMA, in Medicine, a windy fwelling, or bloat- ing of the whole outer Habit of the Body ; like that in the Parts of divers Animals, when blown up, after they are kill'd. See Tumor.

The Wind, or Air, which is the Matter of the Em- phyfema, is lodged under the Cutis, and principally in the Cellule Adipoflte.

Hence the Seat of the Emphyfema, or the Place wherein the Wind is chiefly lodg'd, is in the Adipofe Cells, under the Skin, covering the Thorax : The ordinary Occaiion is fome Wound in the Thorax.

Monf. Littre accounts for it thus : When a Perfon is wounded in the Breaft, there enters Air in at the Wound ; now, it may happen, either from the Narrownefs of the Wound, or the Flelh's doling again readily, or fome other Caufc, that the Air thus admitted, cannot readily get out again, at leail not all of it : And thus Air comes to be inclofed in the Capacity of the Breall.

Now, at every Infpiration, the Lungs are to fill this Capacity, by their fwelling with the Air naturally received. But here they cannot fwell without preffing upon the other extraneous Air .- The Confequence of which is, that it obliges it to flip between the lnterftices of the flcYhy Fibres, and perhaps to enter the little Ofcula of the minuteft Veins or Lymphaticks.

Immediately, another Force comes to take Place, con- trary to that of Infpiration ; viz. Expiration : In this, the Breaft contracting it felf, prefTes the extraneous Air ftill more than the Lungs had done in their Dilatation ; And the two oppofite Moments or Actions confpire to the fame Effect.

The Air, thus continually impell'd, will be propagated along the Paffagcs it firft open'd it felf, till at Length it meets and becomes collected in fome Place. Now this Place will be the Cellules of the fat, rather than any where elfe, by Reafon of the Thinnefs, and Flexibility of their Membranes ; and as the Air came from within the Cavity of the Breaft, it will be in the Fat that covers the Breaft, under the Skin, rather than elfewhere, that the windy Tumor, or Emphyfema will lie.

Now, fuch Tumor cannot be very confiderable, as only form'd by the Air receiv'd in at a Wound : But if we fup- pofe the Wound to have pierced the Subftance of the Lungs, then befide the Air taken in by the Wound, there will be Part of that taken by Infpiration ; fo much as was contain'd in the Bronchi*?, or Veficulte, thus perforated or open'd, efcaping into the Cavity of the Breaft, and driven along with the former, into the Flefh. And as a frelh Quantity of this is fupplied every Moment, there will be a continual Acceffion, io long as the Wound of the Lungs remains open.

Hence, an Emphyfema from a Wound in the Lungs, fometimes pofliffes the whole Habit ; the Air being carried to the feveral Parts of the Body by Circulation.

The Word is Greek, ifufvtmiM, which fignifies the fame Thing.

EMPHYTEOSIS, or EMPHYTEUSIS, in the Civil and Canon Law, the letting out of poor barren Lands for ever, or at leaft for a long Term of Years, on Condition of cultivating, meliorating, or mending them 5 and paying a certain yearly Confideration.

Emphyteofes are a Kind of Alienations, differing from Sales, in that they only transfer the X)oinimtm utile, the Benefits of the Ground 5 not the Property, or Fee fimple.

Among the Romans they were at firft temporary ; after- wards perpetual.

The