Page:Cyclopaedia, Chambers - Volume 1.djvu/666

 EME

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EMI

EMERY, a Sort of Metallic Stone, found in moil, or all Mines of Metals ; but chiefly thofe of Iron, Copper, and Gold. Sec Stone and Mine.

We ufually diftinguifh three Kinds of Emery ; the SJ>anift, Red, and Common Emery.

The firft is found in the Gold Mines of Peru, and other Provinces of the Spanifl America : 'Tis judged a Kind ot Marcaffite of that rich Metal ; being Streak d with little Veins, and Specks of Gold. 'Tis for this Rea- fon the King of Spain prohibits it being exported : Which renders it exceeding rare among us; to the great Regret of the Seekers of the Philofopher's Stone, who build great Hopes in the Tranfmutation of this precious Mineral. The Red Emery is found in Copper Mines 5 the little we have of it comes from Sweden and Denmark.

The Common Emery is taken out of Iron Mines 5 and is almoit the only Sort ufed among us. The Con- sumption hereof is very considerable among the Armorers, Cutlers, Lockfmiths, Glaziers, Lapidaries, Mafons, &c. Some of whom ufe it to polifh and burnifh Iron, and Steel Works ; others, to cut and fcollop Glafs, Marble, and prcrious Stone.?.

■ This Emery is of a brownifh Colour, bordering a little on Red$ exceedingly hard, and of Confequence difficult to pulverize. The Engtifh are the only People that have got the Art of making it into Powder ; which they do chiefly by Means of certain Mills contrived for that Purpofe : And thus fend it in Powder to their Neighbours.

Pounding it in Mortars were in vain ; it being fo hard that it would pierce, or break the Mortar e're it would give Way.

Of the Powder, the moft fubtle and impalpable is the belt : As to the Stone, it Should be chofe of a high Colour, and as free of the Rock as poSSible.

Emery fufed with Lead, and Iron, hardens them. It increafes and heightens the Weight and Colour of Gold. 'Tis ufual to mix a little of it with the Gold from Ma- dagascar, which is naturally pale and foft. See Gold.

'Putty of Emery, is a Kind of dirty Matter, found on the Lapidaries Wheels ; containing Part of the Powder of Emery.

The Word Emery appears to be derived from the Latin Smyris, and that from the Greek <riJ.Jeis, which fignifie the fame Thing ; and which Monf. Lemery derives from the Verb <r^*», I clean, fcour.

EMETIC, in Medicine, a Remedy that excites Vo- miting; or that evacuates by Vomiting. See Vomiting and Evacuants.

Of thefe there are a great Variety 5 as Ipecacuanha, Carduus Seneditlus, &c.

The Ufe of Emeticks is indicated by a Foulnefs of the Mouth in a Morning, rifting, loathing, gnawing of the Sto- mach, gradual Lofs of Appetite, Spontaneous Vomiting, &c.

Vomiting is rais'd by irritating the Spirits with the Prefence of Something loath'd ; by an unufual Agitation, as Sailing, £5V. by tickling the Fibres of the Jaws, and Pha- rynx with a Feather dipp'd in Oil ; by drinking Quantities of warm Water, &c. by any Thing Sharp and viScous ; as the Flowers and Seeds of LOill, Leaves of Ctffarum, &c. Crocus and Glafs of Antimony 5 the Flowers and Regulus thereof 5 Mercurius Vitce, Mineral Turbith, and Mercury Sharpen'd with Acids.

The Emetic Wine, Vimim Emet'icum, is only white Wine, wherein is infuied Some Crocus Metallorum, or Glafs of Antimony.

The Emetic (Powder, called alfo Powder of Algareth, from the Name of its Author, is a Precipitate of Antimony, or Butter of Antimony, fweeten'd and foftned by repeated Lotions. See Antimony.

Emetic "Tartar, is Cream, or Cryilal of Tartar, powder'd and mix'd with one fourth of Crocus Metallorum,

The Word is form'd from the Greek, lymco, I vomit.

The Operation of Emetic Medicines is thus accounted for by Dr. S^iiincy : The Particles of the Emetic wedging thcmfclves into the Orifices of the Emiffaries of the Glands, placed adjacent to the Surface of the Stomach, do dilate the fame ; (which by Some extrinfic CauSe had been contracted) and after the fame Manner, do diffolve (at leaii in fome Degree) the Cohefion of the Stagnant morbifick Matter ; rendering it more fluid, and confecpuently making its Refinance lefs.

Now the natural and conftant Aftions of the Glands being Secretion 5 and the Impediment (by the Dilatation of the Orifice, and the Attenuation of the Fluid) being taken away, or at leatt made lefs than the natural Mo- mentum of the Glands 5 the Matter muft naturally flow into the Cavity of the Stomach, till it be heaped up in Such a Quantity, (which not being to be done in an In- ftant, mult require Some Time) as is Sufficient by its Stimulus to vellicate, and force the Fibres of the Stomach,

Abdomen, and Diaphragm, by Communication of the firft with the two laSt, into a violent Contraction ; and thereby throw all out by the Ocfophagus : And this makes all quiet for a Time, till a new and Sufficient Quantity be excerned from thefe Glands to produce the aforefaid Con- traction.

Thus there happens Fits of Vomiting and Quiet alter- nately, till either all the morbific Matter be thrown out or the Force of the Emetic be fo diluted, that it is no longer able to draw out the morbific Matter from the Glands.

And the Strong Contraction in lb many Mufcles, and mufcular Canals, as are at Work in the Action of Vomit- ing, and the violent Concuffion which is produced all over the whole Body by a Power, which, by jufl: Computation, is not inferior to 26000 /. Weight, may, and often does, take away the Obstruction in many other Canals, beiides thofe which are adjacent to the Stomach and Gullet ; as we plainly See, by thofe vaff Sweats, which plentiful Fits of Vomiting occafion.

Emetic and Purgative Medicines differ only in this, that the Particles of the latter do not immediately vellicate the Fibres of the Stomach, dilate the Orifices, and attenuate the Matter contain'd in the Glands of the Stomach 5 but aft gently, and affift the natural Motion of Digeftion, and fo are carried down into the Guts : And how they ope- rate there. See Purgative.

EMINENCE, in Geography, a little Hillock, or Afcenr, above the Level of the Champagne. See Mount.

This. Seat is built on an Eminence. The Enemies have taken Poffeffion of Such an Eminence, Such a Height, Srom which they can canonade our Rear.

Eminence, in Anatomy, is a Part of the Brain, ealTd the Annular Eminence. See Brain.

The fifth Pair of Nerves arifes from the Sides of the Annular Eminence of the Brain. See Nerve.

Eminence, is alfo a Title of Honour given to a Car- dinal. See Cardinal.

'Tis his Eminence the Cardinal de — —. The Decree of the Pope, whereby it was appointed, that the Cardinals Should be addrefs'd under the Quality of Eminence, bears Date the 10 th of January, 1650. They then laid afide the Titles of Illujirijjimi, and Reverendijjimi^ which they had bore before.

The Grand Mafter of Malta, is likewife addrefs'd under the Quality of Eminence. See Malta.

The Popes John VIII, and Gregory VII, gave the fame Title to the Kings of France. The Emperors have like- wife bore it.

Eminentiffimus^ the Superlative of Eminent, has of late been attributed to the Cardinals. E Eminent ijfime Car* dinal de Richelieu.

EMINENTER, EMINENTLY, in the Schools, is ufed in Con rradifti nction to Formatter ; and in the Same SenSe with Virtualiter : viz. when a Thing poSfeSSes, or contains any other Thing in a more perfect or higher Manner than is required to a formal Poffefiion thereof.

Thus an Angel is faid to have Prudence Eminenter ; as he has it in a higher and more perfecl Degree than it is in Man, in whom it is Formaliter. See Formaliter. and Virtualiter.

For one Thing to contain another Eminenter, there are ufually required two Things, 1. That the containing be of a more excellent Nature than the contain'd. 2. That the lefs Excellent be Some Way contain'd in the more excel- lent, viz. either as in its productive CauSe : Or by fome Similitude : Or as to the Manner, and Order of Ail- ing, %£>c.

EMINENTIAL Equation, is ufed by fome Algebraifls in the Investigation of the Areas of Curvilinear Figures 5 for a Sort of Artificial Equation, containing another Equa- tion Eminently. Hayes's Fluxions, p. 97.

EMIR, a Title of Dignity, or Quality, among the 'Turks and Sarazens ; attributed to Such as are Relations, or DeScendants of their great Prophet Mahomet.

The Emirs are held in high Veneration; and have alone the Privilege of wearing a Green Turban. See Turban.

On the Borders of the Holy Land were feveral Emirs, Soveraign Princes ; as the Emir of Gaza y and the Emir Terabea, over whom the Grand Seignior had but little Authority.

The Emir Haga, or Prince Conductor of the Pilgrims to Mecha, is Bafhaw of Jerusalem, ckc.

This Title, at firft, was only given to the Caliphs : In Perfia they were alfo call'd Emir Zadeh, q. d. Princes Son : Whence, by Abbreviation of Emir, they iorni'd Mir, and of Emir Zadeh, Mirza. See Caliph.

In after Times, when the Caliphs had affumed the Title of Sultans ; that of Emir remain'd to their Children, as that of Cajdr among the Romans. In Succefiion of Time, the fame Title, of Emir came to be attributed to all, who

were