Page:Cyclopaedia, Chambers - Volume 1.djvu/664

 EMB

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EMB

Pays : It was found neceflary, in order to tender the 19 Lunar Tears equal to the 19 Solar, which make the Lunar Cycle of 19 Years, to intercalate or infert 7 Lunar Months, containing 209 Days ; which, with the four Biffextile Days, happening in that Interval, make 213 Days, and the whole, 6939 Days. See Cycle.

By Means of thefe feven Embolifmic, or additional Months, the whole 6939 Days and 18 Hours of the Solar Years, are employed in the Calendar. See Month.

In the Courfe of 19 Years, there are 228 common Moons, and feven Embolifmic Moons. Their Distribution is thus : Every 3d, crth, <)th, nth, 14th, 17th, and 19th Year are Embolifmic, and confequently contain 384 Days a-piece. And this was the Method of computing Time among the Greeks ; when they ufed the Enneadecaeterides, or Cycle of 19 Years. But they did not keep regularly to it, as the Jews feem to have done.

The Embolifmic Months, like other Lunar Months, are fometimes 30 Days, and fomerimes only 29. See Year.

The Embolifmic Epacls, are thofe bcrween XIX and XXIX ; which are thus called, by Reafon with the Ad- dition of Epaci XI, they exceed the Number XXX : Or rather, becaufe the Years, which have thefe Epacts, are Embolifmic ; having thirteen Moons a-piece, whereof the 13th is the Embolifmic. See Epact.

EMBOLUS, the moveable Part of a Pump, or Syringe ; called alfo the Piflon, and popularly the Sucker. See Piston: See alfo Pump and Syringe.

The Pipe, or Barrel of a Syringe, c^c. being clofc (hut 5 the Embolus cannot be drawn up without a very coniidc- rable Force ; which Force removed, the Embolus returns again with Violence. This Phenomenon the Ariflotelians attribute to Nature's Abhorrence of a Vacuum. See Vacuum. »-

But the modern Philofophers finding that in an ex- hauftcd Receiver, the Embolus is eaiily drawn up, tho' the Orifice be ftop'd ; prove that 'tis the Preffure of the Atmofph'ere, on the externa] Parts of the Embolus, that makes the Difficulty of drawing ir up. See Air, Atmo- sphere, Suction, &c.

EMBOSSING, or IMBOSSING, the Aft of forming, or fafliioning Works in Relievo, whether they be call, or 'moulded, or cut with the Chirlei, iSc. See Relievo, Statue, Foundery, &c.

Emboffmg is one great Part of Sculpture ; being that which has to do with Figures rais'd, or prominent from the Plane or Ground : The other Part, which makes Figures, c£c. that arc indented, or cut in below the Ground, is call'd Engraving. See Sculpture and Engraving.

EMBRACEOR, he who, when a Matter is in Trial between Party and Party, comes to the Bar with one of the Parties, (having receiv'd fome Reward fo to do) and fpeaks in the Cafe, or privately labours the Jury, or ftands there to over-look, awe, or put them in Fear.

The Penalty hereof is 20 Pound, and Imprifonment at the Juftices Difcrction.

EMBRASURE, in Architecture, the Enlargement made of the Gap, or Aperture of a Door, or Window, on the infide the Wall. See Door.

Its Ufe is to give the greater Play, for the opening of the Door, Wicket, Cafement, E&\ or to take in the more Light.

The Embrafure coming Hoping inwards, makes the inner Angles obtufe. When the Wall is very thick, they fome- times makes Embrafures on the out-fide.

Embrasures, in Fortification, are the Holes, or Aper- tures, thro' which the Canons arc pointed 5 whether in Cafemattes, in Batteries not cover'd with Gabions, or in the Parapets of Walls.

The Embrafures are generally about 12 Foot a-part, from fix to nine Foot wide without, and two or rhree within. Their Height from the Plat-form is ufually three Foot on the infide, and a Foot and half on the outfide : That fo the Muzzle, on Occafion, may be funk, and the Piece brought to (hoot low.

They are particularly called Cannonieres, when big enough to pafs the Mouth of a Canon through ; and Meurtrieres, when only big enough for Mulkets.

When the Parapet is fo low, that the Canon may (hoot without Embrafures, it is faid to moot en barbe.

EMBROCATION, in Pharmacy, is the applying of Remedies, as Oils, Spirits, Decoftions, and other Liquids, by fprinkling, or even rubbing them on the Part affected ; called alfo Irrigation.

Embrocations are only a Kind of Lotions. See Lotion.

Embrocations are now little ufed, except in Difeafes of the Head. If the Pain do not abate, make an Embroca- tion of Cows Milk, lukewarm, on the Head. tDegori. Make an Embrocation on the Part with Unguent. Dialtheie, or Oil of Lilly very hot. iDioitis.

The Pumping ufed in Natural Baths is properly an Embrocation. r '

The Word is form'd from the Greek pgiw, Irrigo madefacio, I fprinkle, wet, macerate.

EMBROIDERY, the Enriching of a Cloth, or Stuff, by Working divers Figures thereon, with Needle and Thread of Gold, or Silver. See Brocade.

That done with Silk, Flax, or the like, is not now call'd Embroidery ; tho' antiently, and properly, the Word denoted all Kinds of figuring, or flouri filing.

The chief life ot Embroidery is in Church Velfments, Cloaths, Houfings, Guidons, Standards, C?c. The tnyen- tion of Embroidery is attributed to the Phrygians ; whence the Latins call Embroiderers Phrygiones.

The Word Embroidery is derived from the French Jsroiderie, of broider, to Embroider ; which fome deduce, by Tranfpofition from Sordeur, by Reafon they formerly Embroider V only the Edges of Stuffs; whence rhe Latins alfo call the Embroiderers Limbularii. 2)u Cringe obferves, that they antiently wrote aurobruftus, for Embroider 'i with Gold, or 'Brufius brudatus, and Brodatns ; whence Sroderie.

There are divers Kinds of Embroidery 1 Among the reft, Embroidery on both Sides, that is, which appears on both Sides ; only practicable on thin (light Stuffs, as Taffetas, Gawfe, Mullins, (So. Embroidery on the Stamp, where the Figures are very high, and prominent, being fupported on Wool, Cotton, Hair, i$c. Loin Embroidery, where the Figures are low, and without any Enrichment between them.

EMBRYO, in Medicine, Foetus ; the firft Beginning, or Rudiments of the Body of an Animal, in its Mother's Womb, before it have received all the Difpofitions of Parts, neceffury to become animated : Which is fuppofed to happen to a Man on the 42 d Day ; at which Time, the Embryo commences a perfect Fcztus. See Foetus.

The Moderns have made Abundance of fine Difcoverics on the Formation and Growth of the Embryo. See Egg, Generation, Conception, cS*c.

The Word is derived from the Greek, t[ifyvov 3 which fignifies the fame Thing ; form'd of the Prepofition li and ligoa, fcaturio, pullulo, I fpring out : From the Man- ner ot the firil Growth of the Embryo, which refembles that of the firft Shoors of a Plant, as being a Kind of Zoophyte, and having only a Vegetative Life. See Zoo- phyte.

Monf. 'Dodart having an Embryo of 21 Days Age put in his Hands, made a nice Examen thereof; to find the Order Nature obferves in the Formation ot the Parts, and the firft Rife of the Parts themfelves.

The Placema, he found more than half of the whole; and thence concludes, that the nearer the Embryo is to the Moment of its Conception, the grearcr is the -Placenta with Refpecf to the Secundines, and the Fat us. Which Circumftance furniflies a Reafon why Mifcarriages are more dangerous than regular Deliveries ; notwithstanding the Foetus in the former Cafe is much left than in the latter. For rho' the Embryo have made a Way fufficient for it felf, it may not for fo grear a Placenta as is to follow it. See Abortion, Placenta, £?c.

The Embryo it felf was only feven Lines long, from the Top of the Head to the Eottom of rhe Spina dorfi, where it terminated. The Thighs were not yer unfolded : They only appeared like two little Warts at the Bottom of the Trunk : The Arms made juft the fame Appearance on the Shoulders. The Head was j of the Length of the whole feven Lines : On this were feen two little black Points, which would one Day have been Eyes. The Mouth was very big ; which M. Dodart takes for an Indication that. the Fatlts was fed by the Mouth. There was no Eminence for the Nofe ; but two little, almoft impercep- tible, Pits (or the Noftrils.

The Painters ufually make the Head ,f of the Height of a well proportion^ Man ; and % of that of a young Child : In the Embryo before us, the Head was thrice the Height of the Head ; whence it follows, that the younger the Embryo, the bigger the Head in Proportion to the Body. The Parts nearer the Head are alio bigger in Pro- portion to the reft ; and the Legs and Feet the fmallcft.

The Embryo was a little crooked forwards, and bore fome Refemblance to the Maggot of a Silk-Worm : It weighed lefs than feven Grains, which is an extraordinary Lightnefs for a Body feven Lines long. It was fo fofr, rhat no Part of it could be touch'd without making a Change in its Form.

Upon opening it, M. Dodart difcover'd the Heart, and the right Auricle : All the other Parts in the Thorax, and lower Venter, were only fimple Lineaments, or Con- tours, and all Feficular, excepting a Part on the left Side, which may be fuppofed to be the Spleen. There was