Page:Cyclopaedia, Chambers - Volume 1.djvu/661

 ELO

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EMA

Surdefolidal Elliptoid, or that of the third Order, wherein ay* — bx 1 (3. — x~) s

If any other Ordinate be called v, and the corrcfpon- dent Aofcifs z 5 there will be av m -(- " 3= hz.™ (a — *)". Confequently, ay m -j- » : av"» -f- " = bar™ (a — *) » .- bz™ (a — z) " that is, y m + ° : v " + 11 = * m (a — i)»;j' (a-z)«

ELOCUTION, is defined by fully, the chufing and adapting ofWcrds, and Sentences, to the Things, or Senti- ments, to be exprefs'd. To the Elocution properly belongs the tDelctJl/s Verborum, the Choice of Words. See Rhetoric.

The Virtues of the Elocution confift chiefly in the Ufe of Figures, and figurative Dictions, in the Periods, and the Style. See Figure, Period, and Style.

ELOGE, a Praife, or Panegyric, beftow'd on any Perfon, or Thing; in Consideration of its Merit. See Panegyric.

The Term is principally ufed by the French ; and from them borrow'd by the Englijh. It is form'd of the Greek, euhoytty Commendation, Sic.

That fine Difcourfe of Ifocrates, entitled mmyjw, is a hittorical Eloge, of the City 'of Athens. Fa. Labbe, has compofed an hiflorical Eloge of the City of Sourges ; Fa. Meneflrier, of the City of Lions 5 and M. Afartignac, of the BiShops and Archbifhops of 'Paris, for about a Century.

The Secretary of the Royal Academy of Sciences at "Paris, makes the Eloges of fuch Members as die ; and delivers them in public at the next Meeting of the Com- pany. Funeral Orations are only Eloges of eminent Perfons deceas'd.

Some Authors have wrote Eloges on defpicable, and even pernicious Things. See Encomium.

ELONGATION, in Afl-ronomy, the Digression, or Re- ceding of a Planet from the Sun, with Relpecf to an Eye placed on our Earth. See Planet.

The greateft Diftance of the Planet, &c. from the Sun, is called the greatefl: Elongaticn : Which varies on two Accounts, viz. in that both the Earth and the Planet revolve, not in Circles, but in Ellipfes.

The Elongation is chiefly considered in Venus and Mer- cury : The greatefl; Elongation of Venus is 45 Degrees, and that of Mercury 30 Degrees : That is, the former never recedes from the Sun, or is feen diftant from him, above 45° 5 nor the latter above 30°. Whence it is that Mercury is fo rarely feen 5 as being ufually loft in the Light of the Sun. See Mercury and Venus.

Elongation, is alfo ufed, by fome Authors, for the Difference in Motion, between the fwifteft and the flowcft of two Planets ; or the Quantity of Space, whereby the one has overgone the other : Called alfo Superation.

The fwifteft Motion of the Moon, with Regard to the Sun, is called the Elongation of the Moon from the Sun. See Moon and Sun.

We alfo fay Diurnal Elongation, Horary Elongation, Sec.

Jingle of Elongation, or Angle at the Earth, is the Difference between the Sun's true Place, and the Geocen- tric Place of a Planet. Such is the Angle E T R (Tab. Jlfironom. Fig. 40.) between the Place of the Sun E, and that of the Planet R.

Elongation, in Chirurgcry, is an imperfect Luxation ; when the Ligament of any Joint is fo extended, or re- laxed, as to lengthen the Limb, but yet not to let the Bone go quite out of its Place. See Luxation.

ELOPEMENT, in Law, is when a married Woman, of her own Accord, departs from her Husband, and dwells with an Adulterer ; for which, without voluntary Recon- cilement to the Husband, She fhall lofe her Dowry 5 nor Shall the Husband, in fuch Cafe, be compelled to allow her any Alimony. See Alimony.

Sponte Virtim Mulier fugiens, £? adulters facia, 2)o te fua careat, nifi fponfo fponte retraBa.

The Word is derived from the Saxon, Lreleorjan, /. e. to depart from one Place to dwell in another.

ELOQUENCE, the Art of fpeaking, or Writing well ; or of touching and perfwading. See Rhetoric and Oratory.

'JDemofihenes, and Cicero, are the Princes of antient Eloquence, the one among the Greeks, the other among the Romans. Their Manner, however, was exceedingly dif- ferent ; the firft being clofe, ftrong, nervous, concife, fevere, fo that a Word cou'd not be Spared : The latter copious, florid, and rich, fo that a Word could not be added.

It was objected to Cicero, that his Eloquence was Afiatic, that is, redundant, or fluffed with needlefs Words and Thoughts. See Style.

Pericles was call'd a Torrent of Eloquence, a Thun- derbolt of Eloquence. Pedants don't diftinguiih Eloquence from the heaping up of Figures, the Ufe of big Words, and the Roundncfs of Periods.

True Eloquence depends principally on the Vivacity of the Imagination. In Striflnefs, 'tis not that which aires Grace and Ornament, but Life and Motion to Difcourfe. Its Mien is that of an Amazon, not that of a Coquette

The Authors of the Art of Thinki?ig remark, that the Rules of Eloquence are obferved in the Conversations of People naturally Eloquent, tho* they never think of them while they practife them. They praclife thofe Rules be- caufc they are Eloquent ; they don't ufe them to be Eloquent.

The Eloquence of the Chair, and Pulpit, is much more difficult than that of the Bar. Sir George Mackenzie has a Trcatifc of the Eloquence of the Bar. Idea Eloquently forenfis, ckc.

ELUDING, the Act of evading, or rendering a Thing vain, and of no Effect ; a dextrous getting clear, or efcaping out of an Affair, a Difficulty, an Embarras.

The Defign of Chicanery is to elude the Force of the Laws : This Doflor has not refolved the Difficulty, but Eluded it. To Elude a Proposition, (Sc.

Alexander, fays the Hiftorian, in cutting the Gordiaa Knot, either Eluded the Oracle, or fulfiU'd it : Pile ne- qtiicquam luSatus cum latentibus Nodis, nihil, ii/quit, intereft, qvomodo folvatur ; Gladioque ruptis omnibus loris, Oraculi fortem vel elufit vel implevit. Q. Curt. is.

ELYSIUM, or ELTSEAN, or EL1SIAN Fields, in the antient Theology, or rather Mythology ; a Place in the Inferi, i. e. in the lower World, or as we fbmetimes render it, in Hell ; furnifli'd with Fields, Meads, agreeable Woods, Groves, Shades, Rivers, &c. whither the Souls of good People went after this Life.

Orpheus, Hercules, and JEneas, are held to have de- fended into them, in their Life-time, and return'd again. Virgil, Lib. VI. v. 638, iSc. And Tibidlus, Lib. I. Eleg. 3. give us fine Defcriptions of the Elyfean Fields.

Virgil, oppofes Elyfium to Tartars ; which was the Place where the Wicked underwent their Punifhment.

Heic Locus efl, parteis ubi fe via findit in ambas : 2)extera, qu<e Ttitis magni fub nteenia tendit : Hac Iter Elyfium nobis : at Itfva Malorum Exercet Pcenas, & ad Impia tartara mhtit.

Some Authors take the Fable to have been borrowed from the PhtSnicians ; as imagining the Name Elyfium form'd from the Phienician J^j; alaz, or ];Vj7 Mats, or Dhy alas, to rejoyce, or be in Joy ; the Letter a beinj only changed into e, as we find done in many other Names ; as in Enakira, for Anakim, ckc. On which Footing Elyfian Fields fhould fignifie the fame Thing as a Place of Pleafure, or :

■ Locos Igetos SJ Ammia vircQa

Fortunatorum Nemorum, fedefque beatas. Virg.

Others, derive the Word from the Greek, Auo>, folvo, I deliver, I Jit loofe, difengage ; by Reafon here Men's Souls are freed, or difenculnber'd from the Fetters of the Body.^ Seroaldus and Homius, Hifl. Philofoph. L. III. C. 2. take the Place to have derived its Name from Eliza, one of the firft who came into Greece after the Deluge, and the Author and Father of the Jxtolians. 01. Rudbecks con- tends, that it was in Sweden the Elyfian Fields were placed. See Acheron.

On the Subjecf of the Elyfian Fields, fee the Treatife of J. Windct, de Vita funSorum Statu.

ELYTHROIDES, in Anatomy, one of the proper Coats, orTunicks of the Teflicles. See Testicle.

The Elythroides is the fecond proper Coat of the Tefles : It refembles a Sheath, or Vagina, whence fome have alfo call'd it Vaginalis.

It is form'd of a Dilatation, of the Production of the Peritonceum : Its inner Surface is fmooth and equable ; and the outer rough and unequal ; which makes it ad- here the more flrongly to the firft of the proper Coats, called Erithroides.

The Word is form'd of the Greek, Itoiejv, Vagina, a Sheath, and ad'©-, Form.

EMANATION, the Aft of flowing, or proceeding, from fome Source, or Origin.

As, the Emanation of Light from the Sun ; of Effluvia from odorous, iSc. Bodies ; of Wifdom, from God, iSc.

The Word is alfo ufed for the Thing that proceeds, as well as the Act of Proceeding : As, the Power given a Judge, is an Emanation from the Regal Power: The rea- sonable Soul is an Emanation from the Divinity: The Holy Spirit is an Emanation from the Father and the Son, iSc.

The Word is form'd of the Lathi e, out, and manare, to flow.

Among