Page:Cyclopaedia, Chambers - Volume 1.djvu/657

 ELE

t 291 ]

ELE

a, and Ifidore m his Glofles. He fhews further, that it was no impoffible Thing to write on Ivory, as Scaliger had tuggeited 5 that they did not make ufe of a Goofe Quill as we do, nor of Ink like ours : But Rufhes, or Reeds, form'd after a different Manner from our Pens, and ink fit to take upon Ivory. The Matter of Fa£t, in fine, he aiferts, is clear from Martial, and Plautus in his Moflellaria.

ELEVATION, Altitude, or Height, in Aftronomy. The Elevation of any Star, or other Point, in the Sphere, is an Arch of the Verticle Circle, intercepted between his Star or other Point, and the Horizon.

And the fame Definition ferves for the 2)epreJJion, or Depth of any Point.

Hence, as the Meridian is a Vertical Circle 5 a Meridian Altitude, ox Elevation, i. e. the Elevation of a Point in the Meridian, is an Arch of the Meridian, intercepted ^be- tween the Point and the Horizon. See Altitude.

Elevation of the Pole, is the Altitude of the Pole above the Horizon of any Place; or an Arch of the Meridian, intercepted between the Pole and the Horizon. See Pole. Thus, in 'Tab. Aflronomy Fig. 39- A Q^being fuppofed the Equator, HR the Horizon, HZPN the Meridian, and P the Pole 5 P R is the Elevation of the Pole.

The Elevatio?i of the Pole, is always equal to the latitude of the Place 5 that is, the Arch of the Meridian intercepted between the Pole, and the Horizon, is equal to the Arch ot the fame Meridian, intercepted between the Equator and the Zenith.

Thus the iNorth Pole is elevated 51 32' above the Ho- rizon of London : And there is the fame Diftance, or dumber ot Degrj.es b.tween London and the Equator ; fo that London is iikewife in 51 32' of Northern Latitude. See Latitude.

"To observe the Elevation of the Pole of any Place. See Pole and Latitude.

Elevation of the Equator is an Arch of the Meridian, \§& than a Quadrant, intercepted between the Equator, and the Horizon of the Place. See Ec^uator.

Thus AQ_, as before, reprefenting the Equator, HR the Horizon, P the Pole, and HZPN the Meridian 5 H A is the Elevation of the Equator. See Equator.

The Elevations of the Equator, and of the Pole, together, are always equal to a Quadrant : Confequently, the greater the Elevation of the Pole, the lefs the Elevation of the Equator, and vice verfa.

Thus in the Figure juft cited P A, is fuppofed by the Construction a Quadrant 5 and HA + AP-f PR a Semi-circle : Coniequently HA-fPR is a Quadrant. Jo obferve the Elevatio?i of the Eqjjator. Find the Elevation of the Pole, after the Manner al- ready directed under the Article Pole.

SubftraCt the Elevation found, from a Quadrant, or 90. ■what remains is the Elevation of the Equator. Thus, the Elevation of the Pole 51 52', being iiibitra£ted from 50 3, leaves the Elevation of the Equator 38 28'.

Elevation, in Architecture, a Draught, or Description, of the principal Face, or Side of a Building 3 called alfo anUj-nght, or Orthography. See Orthography.

Elevation, we alfb find ufed in fome Writers of Perfpective, tor the Scenography, or pcrfpective Rcprefen- tation of the whole Body or Building. See Sceno- , graphy.

Elevation, in the Romifi Religion, is applied to that Part of the Mafs, wherein the Prieft hoifts, or raifes the Hoft, with the Cup, above his Head 7 for the People to adore it ; After having coniecrated, and adored it himfelf. The Prieft, who afliits at Mafs, rings a Bell at the Elevation, to apprize the People to call their Eyes upon their ntw form'd Saviour, and adore him.

St. Louis decreed, that they mould fall on their Knees at the Elevation, in Imitation of certain Religious whom he does not name. The Chartreux, and the Religious de la Traj-e, ftill obferve this Ceremony of proftrating them- felves at the Elevation.

Angle of Elevation, in Mechanicks, is the Angle ARE, {Tab. Mechanicks Fig. 37.) comprehended between the Line of Direction of a Projecfile AR, and the Ho- rizontal Line A B. See Projectile.

Elevation of a Mortar Piece, or Gun, is the Angle, which the Chafe of the Piece, or the Axis of the hollow Cylinder, makes with the Plane of the Horizon. See Mortar, &c.

ELEVATOR, in Chirurgery, an Inftrument ufed to raife up Bones, as thofe in Fractures of the Skull, when beaten, or crufh'd in, with Blows, or the like.

There are dented Elevators : Elevators with three Feet, call'd Ekvxtores Triploides.

The Elevator made Lever wife, is a new Invention : Its tJfe is in drawing Teeth. One Extremity of it is flat, to teft on the Gum, at the Bottom of the Tooth, and the

other hooked, like one of the Branches of a 'Pelican tQ fatten hold of the Tooth.

Elevator, in Anatomy, a Name common to feveral Mufcles, which do the Office of railing or lifting up of the- Parts they belong to 5 of equal Import with Attollens and Levator. Such are the [

Elevator Al<£ Najl, a Mufcle, or Pair of Mufcles of the Nofe, of a Pyramidal Figure, very narrow, tho' flefhy at its Origination on the fourth Bone of the upper Jaw 5 and very broad and thin at its Termination on the Side of the Al& Naf : Its Action is to pull the Alee upwards, and turn it outwards. See Nose. Elevator Ani. See Levator Ani. Elevator Auris, or Attollens Auriculam, is in Reality no more than a Part of the Mufcle of the Scalp, with fome flefhy Fibres in it, as it defcends over the temporal Mufcles to the upper Part of the Concha. Its AiKon is fcarce vifible 5 the Auricles being fcarce perceiv'd in Merj to have ordinarily any Motion at all. See Auricle.

Elevator Oculi, one of the Mufculi Retli of the Eye, ferving to draw it upwards. See Recti.

Elevator Lakiorum Communis, a Mufcle of the Lips; arifing from the fourth Bone of the upper Jaw, and ter- minating at the Angle of the Lips, under the Zygoma* ticus. See Lips.

Elevator Labi'i inferioris, is a Mufcle, that arifes from the fecond Bone of the under Jaw, below the In- cifions. It defcends, and paffes under the Zygomaticus, and is inferted into the under Lip.

This, affifted by a fmall, but flrong Pair of Mufcles* ariling from the Gum of the 'Denies Incifivi, and descend- ing directly, is inferted into, the lower Part of the Skin of the Chin ; and ferves to pull the Skin of the Chin upwards, and confequendy thrult up the Lip.

Elevator Labii Su.feri.oris, anfeth from the upper Part of the r econd Bone of the upper Jaw ; and defend- ing obliquely, is inferted into the upper Lip, above the ^Denies Incifivi. It draws up the Lip. Elevator Scajwl<e. See Levator. ELEVE, a Term purely French ; tho' of late ufed in our Language. Literally it fignifies a Pupil, or Scholar bred up under any one - 7 from the V:rb elever, to raife.

It was firfl ufed by the French Writers in fpeaking of Painters : Such a Painter was an Eleve of da Vinci* of Raphael, eke. From Painting, it came to be applied to fuch as fludied, or learned any other Art under a Matter. In the Royal Academy of Sciences, there were 20 Eleves ; And in that of Infer i prions., 10 Eleves. The Eleves were to aft in Concert with the Penfionaries.

We are not afraid, fays Monf. Fontenelle 1 to compare a Ample Eleve, fuch as Monf. Amontons was, to one of the greateft Members the Academy ever had. [M. Mariotte] The Name Eleve, with us, implies no Difference as to Merit 5 it only fignifies fomewhat of Seniority, and Sur-. vivance.

The Denomination Eleve, however, has been fince fup- prefs'd, and that of Adjoint fubftituted in its Room; by Reafon every Body did not know the Senfe affix'd to it by the Academy. And now the PenfiOnary Academifts have not, as formerly, each of them an Eleve : But the Eleves are become Adjoint s, or AfTociates to the Academy.

The Word is form'd of the Italian, Allievo, a Difciple or Novice.

ELEUS1NIA, in Antiquity, the Myfteries of the God- defs Ceres 5 or the religious Ceremonies perform'd in her Honour : Thus call'd from Ekufis, a maritime Town of the Athenians, wherein was a Temple of that Goddefs, famous for the Celebration of thefe Myfteries.

The Eleufinia were the tnofl folemn and facred Cere-* monies in Ufe among the Greeks 5 for which Reafon they were called Myficries by Way of Eminence. They are faid to have been inftituted by Ceres her felf, at Eleujis, in Memory of the Zeal and Affection wherewith the Athenians receiv'd her.

This is the Account Ifocrates gives in his Panegyric 5 but 2)iodorus Siculus affures us, Z. VI, that the Ei>eitfinia> were inftituted by the Athenians, in Gratitude to Ceres, for having inftrucfed them to lead a lefs barbarous and ruflic Life, let the fame Author, in the firft Book of his Sibliotheca, relates the Thing in another Manner.

A great Drought, fays he, having occaiion'd a miferable Famine throughout all Greece ; Egypt, which had that Year reap'd a moft plentiful Harveit, beilow'd Part ot the Fruits thereof upon the Athenians. 'Twas Enttbeus that brought this extraordinary Supply of Corn : In Comme- moration of which Benefaction, Eritlbeus was created King of Athens, who inftrucred the Athenians in thefe Myfteries, and the Manner of celebrating them. This Account comes near to what we ate told by Herodotus

and