Page:Cyclopaedia, Chambers - Volume 1.djvu/656

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ELE

and coarfc, fince melted down, and made up by the Fire.

ELENCHUS, in Logic, by the Zatins call'd Argu- ■mentmn and Inquijitio, a vitious or fallacious Argument, which deceives under the Appearance of Truth 5 the fame with Sofhifm. See Sophism.

ELEOSACHHARUM, from ttouw, Oleum, and Saccha- Tum, Sugar j a Mixture of Oil with Sugar, frequently added to diftill'd Oils, to make them mix with aqueous Fluids for prefent Ufe.

ELEPHANT, gives the Denomination to a famous Military Order, conferr'd by the Kings of ^Denmark. See Knight.

It is called the Order of the Elephant, from its Arms, which are an Elephant,

There are a deal of different Sentiments as to the Origin and Inftitution of this Order : The firft is that of Mennenius and Hocfingius, who attribute it to Chriftian IV. who was elected King in 1584. The fecond, that of Selden and Imhof, who derive it from Frederic II, elect- ed in 1542. 3°. Gregorio Zeti goes back as far as Fre- deric II, who reigned about the Year 1530. 4 . Bernard Rebolledus, will have King John to be the Author, who began to reign in 1478. 5°. Anftielmius, Rqfierus, and Z.osfcher, hold it to have had its Rife under Chriftian I, Father of Frederic I. Laftly, Voightius, Sechman, and Sichcrodius, maintain Campus VI. to have been the firft Inftitutor 5 and the Occafion thereof to be the Croifades. This Prince, according to the Chronology of S-waning, reign'd towards the Clofe of the XII th Century, from the Years n<j8, to npi. '

This, at leaft, we are certain of, that the Order was fubfifting in the Year 1494 ; there being a Painting frill extant, done that Year by Count Reinden, a Knight of this Order. And we have even authentic Evidences of the Marquefs of Mantua's being created Knight of the fame Order by Chriftian I, in 1474. There are Bulls of Pope Tills II, and Sixttts IV, confirming the Statutes of the Order, au- thorizing the holding of Affemblies, or Chapters, in theChap- pel of Soefchil, and fettling the Privileges of the Knights.

The Order was at firft called the Order of St. Mary, Ordo S. MariiS : Tho' it teems to have had the Appella- tion of the Elephant, as early as Chriftiau I. Witnels the Figure of an Elephant, fo often ftruck on his Coins, Medals, &c.

The Manner of its Inftitution is thus related : King Canutus having fent a Fleet againft the Sarazens, in j 189, which took Siluma and Ttolemais ; a Gentleman among the Danifti Croifees, kill'd an Elephant ; in Me- mory of which extraordinary Accident, the Order was erected. This Account is render'd the more probable by this ; that it is refer'd to an JEra, when nothing was more common than to take the Spoils of a vanquifh'd Enemy for Armories, or Cognizances : And accordingly fomc of the principal Arms of the like Kind now on Foot, e. gr. the Zions of the Zoiv-Countries, had their Rife at the Time of the Croifades 5 as is Ihewn by Hoegervs and Hoepinguis. Which Circumftances greatly corroborate the Opinion of thofe, who afcribe the Order to King Canutus.

Seffarion brought with him a very antient, and rare Coin from the Eaft to Rome 5 whereon was feen the Image of the Holy Virgin, with an Elephant. Ca(fian takes this to have been the Badge, or Symbol, of the tDanes, engaged in the Croifades againft the Sarazens ; and fuppofes it to relare to the Order of the Elephant. The Chancellour Fruflus, had another Coin of the like Kind, whereon was the Image of the Holy Virgin, an Elephant, and a Crefcent, which was antiently a Member in the Arms of this Order. "Boijfeau relates another an- tient Figure of the Arms of this Order, bearing the Image of the Holy Virgin with four Elephants, charged with Towers. And Tetra Santla, a fourth, wherein was the Virgin with three Keys, and four Elephants, and Spurs : Whence it appears, that the Order was under the Protection of the Virgin. Accordingly, the Order is ftill called the Order of St. Mary. To the Collar of the Order hangs an Elephant, with a Silver Turret on its Back ; and un- derneath the Elephant, an Image of the Floly Virgin, encircled with Rays. See the Abbot Jufliniani, Hift. de tutti gl. Ord. Milit. e Cavall. T. II. C. 72.

The Chappel of Roefchild, was founded by Chriftian I. for the Affembhes, or Chapters, of the Order to be held in. It was at firft called the Chappel of the three Kings, Capella trium Regum ; Afterwards Frederic I. gave it the Name of the Royal Chappel.

The Order was retriev'd by Frederic II, who created Abundance of Knights at the Ceremony of his Coronation which is the only Time when the SJaniJh Kings make any of thefe Knights. Chriftian V, augmented and en- rkh'd it very confiderably. In the Sear 1(194, a grand

Chapter of the Order was held at Fredericshtrg, in the Chappel of the Knights, wherein fix German Princes were admitted into the Order.

We have Abundance of Writings on the Subject of this Order ; whereof that of Janus Sifcherodins may ferve for all the reft : 'Tis the lateft, the moft ample, and mafterly. It was publi/hed at Copenhaguen, in the Year 1705, under the Title of Sreviarium Equeftre ; feu de Illuftriffimo, tS Inclitiffimo Ordine Elephantino, &c.

ELEPHANTIASIS, in Medicine, a Kind of Zeprofy, called Zepra Arabum, in Contradiction to the Zepra Gr<ecorum, which is another Difeafe. See Leprosv.

The Elephantiafis is thus call'd, by Reafon thofe feiz'd therewith, have their Arms, and Legs, big, fwollen, and tuberous ; the Skin bloated, yet rough to the Touch, all wrinkled and unequal like the Skin of an Elephant.

The Elephantiafis Griecorum, or Zepra Arabtim, is defcribed by Deodatus, as a contagious Difeafe, infecting the Body with a Croud of Evils. The Skin of the Face, Knees, Elbows, Thighs, Hands and Feet is full of move- able, indolent Tubercles of a livid Colour, tending to Red- nefs : In the Mouth, Palate, and Jaws, likewife, arife Tu- bercles, fometimes yellow, and fometimes livid : In the Intervals between the Toes, and on the Soles of the Feet, efpecially the hard callous Parts thereof, as alfo in other Parts of the Limbs, break out Ulcers, which penetrate the Cutis, are very broad, and keep ipreading with cal- lous, and tumid Lips .- Thefe, upon a lirtlc Violence yield Blood, and yet are indolent. Add, that Ulcers eat the Nofe, with Tumors about the Ears ; the Lips thicken, and the Feet and Hands are wonderfully bloated.

Yet Etmuller, Haly, Abbas, and others, fpeak of the Elephantiafis as a ruddy, livid Swelling of the Feet and Legs, with Varices, and Ulcers ; which make the Feet appear like Eiej-hants Feet.

The Elephantiafis, turner obferves, is a Difeafe un- known in our Parts of the World 5 at leaft in thefe Days. Some Authors call it Zeontiajis, and others Satyriasis. The Greeks call it i^^avna-mi, and fometimes tAipa^ Elephant, and sAejai/naay.©-.

ELEPHANTINE, fomething that relates, or belongs to an Elephant.

The Term is chiefly applied to certain Books of the antient Romans, wherein were recorded the Actions of the Princes, and the Proceedings, Acts, &c. of the Senate- This we learn from Tollio, and Vopifcus, in the Life of the Emperor tacit us, where he ob/erves that in the 6"tfi Prefs of the Ulpian Library, was kept one of thefe Zibri Elephantini ; wherein, for a long Courfe of Time, were wrote down the Decrees, and Edicts of the Senate.

In fome of thefe Books, were regiftred all the Acts and Meafures of the Senate, and the Magiftrates of Rome ; in others, the Proceedings and Events in Provinces, in War, iSc.

There were above thirty five large Volumes of them, as many as there were Tribes : There bjing likewife con- tain'd in them the Births, and Degrees of' the Citizens j the Enumerations and all Things belonging to the Cenfure. They were renew'd every five Years with the Cenfors 5 and were all antiently kept in the JErarium, or public Trea- fury, which was in the Temple of Saturn, Vigeuere on Tit. Zivy.

Vigenere, and feveral others, believe thefe Books to have been called Elephantine, by Reafon of their enormous Bulk, q. d. as big as Elephants, or Bullocks. But Zoifel on the XVII th Chapter of the XI th Book of Aulus Gel- lius, gives us a different Etymology ; and aflures us they were called Elephantine, becaufe made of Ivory Leaves, or Tablets, which every Body knows is a Production of the Elephant. And, accordingly, Ulpian, Z. 52. H. de Zegat. 3. makes mention of an Ivory Book. Scaliger and Gerard Vojfms, fay they were made of the Interlines of an Elephant.

Voftius does not deny, indeed, but that they might have been made of Ivory ; bur being there were feveral other Books, and Tablets, made of that Matter, as appears from Martial, L. XIV. Epigr. 3. and a hundred other antient Authors, and from what we have fhewn under the Term Dyptic: It does not appear, why the Name Elephan- tine mould be peculiarly appropriated to thefe.

Martial does not give the Name Elephantinus, but Eboreus, of Ivory, to the Tablets mention'd in the Place laft quoted, Eborei Tugillares : Alexander ab Alexandra Genial. tDier. L. II. C. 2. makes mention of the Zibri Elephantini : So does Salmafius, on the Paffage in Vo- pifcus, juft quoted 5 where he refutes Scaliger, maintains that thefe Books were of Ivory, and lhews, that the Antients ufed the Word Ele ''has, lor Ivory ; witnels Virgil JEneid. L. III. v. 464. and Servius on the fame : And Elephantinus, for what was of Ivory 5 witnefs Martianus

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