Page:Cyclopaedia, Chambers - Volume 1.djvu/639

 ECL [273]

But the fineir. 'Echo we read of, is that mention' d by Jlarthius, in his Notes on Statius's Thebais, L. VI. v. 30, which repeated the Words a Man utter'd feventecn Times : It was on the Banks of the Nile, between Coblents and Singen. $arthius aflures us, he had proved what he writes • and had told feventeen Repetitions. And whereas, in common Echo's, the Repetition is not heard till fome Time after hearing the Words fpoke, or the Notes fung ; in this, the Perfon who fpeaks, or rings, is fcarcc heard at all ; but the Repetition moil clearly, and always in furprizing Varieties ;

the Echo feemino fbmetimes to approach nearer and Brazen InftrumemsV and"r7is'dToud Shou^^durin. 'Wr" PZal \ H f ' S, 0metimes „ the Voice is heard of the Moon, as thinking thereby to eafe her in er°LabouV-

very d.ftmaiy and fometunes fcarce at all. One hears only Whence fuienal. fneakU of ', *ltirt» »°1,. T"! one Voice, and another feveral : One hears the Echo on the right, and the other on the left, &c.

applied to certain Kinds of

ECL

ECLIPSE, in Aftronomy a p ri v at ion of the Light of one of the Luminaries, by the Interpofition of fome opaia Body, either between it and the Eye. or between it and the Sun. See Sun, Moon, and Satellite.

'The Word is derived from the Greek, trt,Ka-\u f «*««»" deficio, I fail. '

The An'tients had frightful Ideas of Ecliifes, as Prefaces of the lnoft difmal Events : 'Plutarch aflures us, that at Rome, it was not allow'd to talk publicity of any natural Sf° f ! S ."I Ecl 'Pf es -, Th «y,™ ad . e .. a hu ge Noife with

Echo, in Architecture, Vaults, and Arches, rnoft commonly of Elliptical, or Pa rabolical Figures; ufed to redouble Sounds, and produce Artificial Echo's.

The Method of making an Artificial Echo, is taught by the Jefuite Slancani, in his Echometry, at the End of his Book on the Sphere. Vitruvim tells us, that in divers Parts of Greece, and Italy, there were brazen Veflels, artfully ranged under the Seats of the Theatres, to render the Sound of the Actors Voices more clear, and make a Kind of Echo ; by which Means, of the .prodigious Multitude of Pcrfons, who aflifted at the Spectacles, every Body might hear with Eafe and Pleafure.

Echo, in Poetry, iSc. a Kind of Composition, wherein the laft Words, or Syllables, of each Verfe, contain fome meaning, which being repeated a-part, anfwers to fome Queftion, or other Matter, contain'd in the Verfe.

Such is that famous Echo of Erafmus, — T)tcem amies coufumpfl in legendo Cicerone . . . one, i. e. m, Afine.

The firft Echo, in Verfe, according to Tafquier, is that in the Sylvee of Johannes Secundus : But Tafquier is mi- ftaken ; for the antient Greek and Latin Poets have wrote Echo's. This Martial intimates plainly enough, when laughing at fuch Sorts of Baubles, he fays, there is nothing like them among his Poems. Nufquam Grgcula quod re- cant at Echo : By which, on the one Side, he /hews there were Latin Poets in his Time, who made Echo's ; and on the other, that the Invention came from the Greeks.

Arifiophanes, in his Comedy, intitled 3ttrfio$oeA<t(*tmji introduces Euripedes in the Perfon of Echo. And Calli- machus, in the Epigram, E^Saieai •& wsbjfw ii xukmjwVj feems to have intended a Kind of Echo.

ECHOMETRE, in Mufic, a Kind of Scale, or Rule,


 * nce Juvenal, fpeaking of a talkative Woman, fays •

Una Laborami poterit filccurrere Lima;. Others attri- b ? te V he Eclipfe of the Moon to the Arts of Magicians who by their Inchantments, pluck'd her out of Heaven a " d ma< f her skim over the Grafs. The Natives of Mexico kept Faff, during the Eclipfe ; and, particularly, their Women who beat and abufcd themfelves, drawing Blood from their Arms, iSc. They imagined the Moor! them wounded b y th e Sun in fome Quarrel between

The Duration of an Eclipfe, is the the Time between the Immerfiou and Emerfion.

The Immerfion, or Incidence of an Eclipfe, is the Mo- ment when Part of the Sun or Moon's Difk firft begins to be hid. See Immersion.

13 TH ^forf?*' m ^purgation, is the Time when the Eclipicd Luminary begins to re-appear, or emerge out of the Shadow. See Emersion.

To determine the Duration of Eclipfes, they ufually divide the Diameter of the Luminary Eclipfed into A equal Parts, called "Digits, or Digiti Ecliptici. See Digit,

Eclipfes, are divided with Refpect to the Luminary Eclipfed, into Eclipfes of the Sun, of the Moon, and of the Satellites : And with Refpect to the Circumftances, into Total Eclipfes, partial, annual, &c. Eclipfes.

Eclipse of the Moon, is a Deficiency of Light in the Moon, occafion'd by a Diametrical Opposition of the Earth between the Sun and Moon. See Moos.

The Manner of this Eclipfe is exhibited in Tab.Aftronom. Fig. 54. where A reprefents the Earth, and B or C the Moon.

When all the Light of the Moon is intercepted, /. e, when her whole Disk is cover'd, the Eclipfe is Sid' to be Total-, when only Part, Partial. When the Total Eclipfe lafts for fome Time, it is faid to be Totalis cum Mora,

■""> 1 otal with Continuance ; when only Iuftantaneous ture fine ATora. Tnt-al wirbniit rn n t; n „.*»

with fevcral Lines divided thereon, ferving to mealure r,„. Mm ,„ T _, „ ,;,i, ',, rv, ~ a. t\ _ t ..t r r> 1 i° ,- 1. . tine Jiiora, iotai without L,ontinua

the Duration, or Length, of Sounds, and to find their

Intervals and Ratio's.

The Word is form'd of the Greek, «'/&, Sound, and

tmesr, Meafure.

Totalis

ECHYMOSIS, or ECCHTMOSIS, in Medicine, Suffupo, a Difeafe of the Eye ; wherein the Blood, extravafated by fome Blow, or Contufion, upon its Arrival between the Cutis, and the Flefh or Mufcles, flops there, without any Appearance of a Wound.

The Echymofis is either fimple, or with Abfcefs.

The Word is form'd of the Greek, lup^'fton;, Effttfwn of Rumours, tSv yifmv.

ECLECTIC, ECLECTICI, a Name given to fome an- tient Philofophers. See Philosopher.

IMogenes Laertius, L. I. and Suidas fay, that the Eclec- tici were fuch, as without attaching themfelves to any particular Sec\ took what they judg'd good and folid from each. And hence their Denomination 5 which, in the Original Greek, Signifies, that may be chofen, or that chafes, of the Verb miyt, / chufe.

Laertius, in the fame Place, notes, that they were alfo, for the fame Reafon, denominated Analogetici, but that they called themfelves Thilalethes, i. c. Lovers of Truth.

The Chief, or Founder of the EclecJici, was one To- tamon, of Alexandria, who lived under Auguftus, and Tiberius 5 and who, weary of doubting of all Things with the Scepticks and Tyrrhenians, form'd the EcleSio Sect ; which Voffius calls the Ecleclive.

ECLEGMA, in Medicine, a Pectoral Remedy, of the Confiitence of a thick Syrup ; called alfo Lohoch, Linclus, and Lambative. See Lohoch, cj?£. The Word is form'd of the Greek «t, and hii^iv,

Eclipfes of the Moon, only happen in the Time of full Moon ; by Reafon 'tis only then the Earth is between the Sun and Moon. Nor do they happen every full Moon, by Reafon of the Obliquity of the Moon's Way with Refpect to the Sun's ; but only in thofe full Moons, which happen either in the Nodes, or very near them, where the Aggregate of the apparent Semi-diameters of the Moon and the Earth's Shadow, is greater than the Latitude of the Moon, or the Diftance between their Centres. See Node.

The rnoft confiderable Circumftances in the Eclipfes of the Moon, are,

1. That as the Sum of the Semi-diameters of the Moon and Earth's Shadow, is greater than the Aggregate of the Semi-diameters of the Sun and Moon, (that when leaft being 57, and this, when greateft, fcarce jf.) 'Tis evident! Lunar Eclipfes may happen in a greater Latitude of the Moon, and at a greater Diftance from the Nodes and confequently are more often obferv'd in any one Part of the Earth, than Solar ones ; tho', with Refpeft to the whole Earth, the latter are as frequent as the former.

2. Total Eclipfes, and thofe of the longeft Duration, happen in the very Nodes of the Ecliptic; by Reafon the Seftion of the Earth's Shadow, then falliiyi on the Moon is confiderably greater then her Dili. There may likewife be Total Eclipfes, within a little Diftance off the Nodes - but the further, the lefs their Duration ; further off ftill' there are only Partial ones, and at length none at all: As the Latitude and the Semi-diameter of the Moon together, are either lefs, equal, or greater than the Semi-diameter of the Shadow.

3. All Lunar Eclipfes are univerfal, i. e. are visible in all Parts of the Globe, which have the Moon above their

lick ; by Reafon the Patient is to take it by licking it off Horizon ; and are every where of the fame Magnitude, the End of a Liquorice Stick dipt therein : To the End and begin and end together.

that being taken thus by little and little, it may remain the longer in the Paflage, and moiften the Breaft the better.

4. In all Lunar Eclipfes, the Eaftern Side is what firft Immerges, and alfo Emerges ; for that tho' at firft fhe be more Wefterly than the Earth's Shadow, yet her proper

There are Eclegma's of Poppy, others of Lentils, others of Motion being fwifter than the fame, file overtakes and

Squills, cj?c. The Intention is* to heai, or eafe the Lungs Coughs, Peripneumonies, fi?c. and are ufually compofed of Oils, incorporated with Syrups.

outgoes it.

5. The Moon, even in the Middle of an Eclipfe, has faint Appearance of Light j which Gaffendm,

ufually Ff*

Ricciolus,