Page:Cyclopaedia, Chambers - Volume 1.djvu/608

 DOR

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DOS

The Characters of the fflor/c Order, as now manag'd, arc, the Height of its Column, which is 8 Diameters ; its Frize, which is enrich'd with Triglyphs, Drops, and Metopes ; its Capital, which is without Volutes 5 and its admitting of Cymatiums. SccTriglyph, Cymatium, &c.

The Ancients, we have already obferv'd, had two 'Doric Orders : The firft, which was the more Simple and Maffive, they us'd chiefly in Temples ;Thefecond, which was the more light and delicate, fcrv'd in Portico's, and Theatres.

Vitrwoius, indeed, complains of the Doric as very trouble- fome, and perplexing, on Account^ of the Triglyphs, and Me- topes, fo as fcarce to be capable of being us'd, except in the Pycnoftylc, by putting a Triglyph between each two Columns, or in the Arieoftyle, by pitting 3 Triglyphs between each two Columns. See Intercolumination.

The Moderns, on Account of its Solidity, ufe it in large Strong Buildings; as in the Gates of Cities, and Citadels, the Outfides of Churches, and other mafTy Works, where Deli- cacy of Ornaments would be unfuitable.

The moil coniidcrablc ancient Monument of this Order, is the Theatre of Marcellus, at Rome, wherein the Capital, the Height of the Frize, and its Projecture, are muchfmaller than in the modern Architecture.

Vignola adjufts the Proportions of the Doric Order thus : The whole Height of the Order, without Pedeftal, he divides into 20 Parts, or Models 5 one of which he allows the Bafe, 14 to the Shaft, or Full, one to the Capital, and 4 to the En- tablature.

The particular Proportions, ££V. of the feveral Parts, and Members, fee under their refpective Articles, Shaft, Ca- pital, Entablature, Pedestal, Base, Architrave, Frize. and Cornich.

Doric Cymatium. See Cymatium.

Doric, in Muiic. The Doric Mode is the firft of the au- thentic Modes of the Ancients.

Its Character is to be fevcre, temper'd with Gravity, and Joy; And it is proper for Occaiicns of Religion, and War. It begins with D, Sol, Re. See Mode.

'Plato admires the Muiic of the 'Doric Mode; and judges it proper, to preferve good Manners, as being Mafculine. And on this Account allows of it in his Common-wealth.

The Ancients had likewife their Snbdoric Mode, which was one of their Plagal Modes. Its Character was to be very grave, and folemn. It began with G Ut, aDiateffaron lower than the Doric Mode.

DORMANT, is the Herald's Term for the Pofture of a Lycn bomfieefing, in a Coat of Arms.

DoRMANT-T^ee 1, in Building, a Name the Workmen fre- quently give to a great Beam lying a-croSs the Houfc; ufually call'd a Slimmer. See Summer.

Dormant-73-7w. See Tyle. 1 DORMER, or DORMANT, in Architecture, is a Win- dow made in the Roof of an Houfe, or above the Entabla- ture ; being rais'd upon the Rafters. The Latins call it Lucerne whence the French Luzerne, and our Luthern.

There arc divers Kinds; Square, Round, &c. See Lu- THERN.

DORMITORY, a Gallery^ in Convents, or Religious Houfcs, divided into feveral Cells, wherein the Religious lodge, or lye, &c. See Convent.

'Tis deem'd a Crime in a Religious to Ive out of the Dor- mitory. By Chap. XXII. of 'the Rule of St.Beneditl, it appears, that the ancient Dormitories were not divided in- to Cells, but were a Kind of large open Halls, fill'd with Beds, as in our Flofpitals. See Cell.

The Word is form'd from the Latin Dormitorium, of dor- mire, to Sleep.

See Nerves. See Consumption, and Phthy-

DORSAL Nerves.

DORSAL1S Tabes. sis.

DORSI Latiffimus, Dorfi.

Dorsi Longiffimus,

Anatomy. See Latissimus

. a Mufcie common to the Loins, and the Back : It rifes from the upper Part of the Osfacrum, Ili- itm\ and firft Vertebrie of the Loins, and in its Beginning is confounded, if not the fame with the Sacro Lumbalis. It runs upwards along the whole Tr,act of the Back, and is connected to every tranfverfe Procefs in its Way ; ending fometimes in the firft Vertebra of the Back, and fometimes in the firft of the Neck.

DORSIFEROUS, orDORSIPAROUS Plants, are thofe

of the Capillary Kind; which arc without Stem, and bear their

Seeds on the Backfide of their Leaves. See Capillary.

DORSUM, in Anatomy, is the hind Part of the Thorax ;

tho' commonly translated, Back,

It includes the Loins. See Loins.

Dorsum Manns, and Pedis, is the Outfide of the Hand, and Foot; Or that Part opposite to the Palm, and Sole. See Palm, and Sole ; as alfo Hand, and Foot.

Dorsum Nafi, is the Ridge of the Nofe, which runs the whole Length of that Part. See Nose.

In thofe we call Roman Kofes, the Dorfmn is higher, and more prominent about the Middle, than in the reft ; which Partis call'd the Spina. See Spina*

DOSE, in Pharmacy, ££c the Quantity of any Medicine to be taken at one Time : Or the Weight, or Meafure of the feveral Ingredients in a medicinal Composition. See Medicine.

A Secret in Phytic is nothing, unlefs the Dofe be known. Authors, and Difpcnfatories, that defcribe the fame Remedy, frequently the Dofe is different; which occasions a greatDiffe- rence in its Effect.

The Word is form'd from the Greek JUk, which Signifies the fame Thing.

Dr. Cockbum has given us an EfTay towards determining the Dofes of purgative Medicines, on Mechanical Principles. See Purgative.

DOSITHEANS, an ancient Sect among the Samaritans. See Samaritan.

Mention is made in Origen, Epiphanius, Jerom, and di- vers other Greek and Latin Fathers, of one Dofitheus, the Chief of a Faction among the Samaritans ; But the Learned are not at all agreed, as to the Time wherein he lived. St. Jerom in his Dialogue againft the Luciferians, makes him before our Saviour ; wherein he is followed by Dru- fius, who in his Anfwer to Serrarius, places him about the Time of Senaccherib, King of AJfyria. But Scaliger will have him fince our Saviour's Time. And, in effect:, Origen intimates him to have been contemporary with the Apoftles; in obferving, that he endeavour'd to perfuade the Samari- tans, that he was the Meffiah foretoJd by Mofes.

He had many Followers ; and his Sect was ftill fubilft- ing at Alexandria in the Time of the Patriarch Eulogius, as appears from a Decree of that Patriarch, publifh'd by Pbotius. In that Decree Bulogius accufes Dofitheus of in- juriously treating the ancient Patriarchs, and Prophets ; and attributing to himfclf the Spirit of Prophecy. He makes him cotemporary with Simon Magus ; and accufes him of corrupting the Pentateuch in divers Places, and of compo- sing Several Books, directly contrary to the I,aw of God.

Arch-Bifhop Ufher takes Dofitheus for the Author of all the Changes made in the Samaritan Pentateuch ; which he proves by the Authority of Bulogius. But all we canjuftly gather from the Teftimony of Bulogius, is, that Dofitheus corrupted the Samaritan Copies fince us'd in that Seer. But that Corruption did not pafs into all the Copies of the Samaritan Pentateuch, now in Ufe among us, which vary but little from the Je-'vifb Pentateuch. See Pentateuch. And in this Senfe we are to understand that PaSTage in a Samaritan Chronicle, where it is faid, that Doufis, i.e. Dofitheus, altered feveral Things in the Law of Mofes.

The Author of that Chronicle, who was a Samaritan by Religion, adds, that their High-prieft Sent feveral Samari- tans, to feize Doufis, and his corrupted Copy of the Penta- teuch. Epiphanius takes him to have been a Jew by Birth, and to have abandon'd the Je-ivip Party for that of'the Sa- maritans.

He imagines him likewife to have been the Author of the Sect: of Sadducees ; which is inconfiilent with his being later than our Saviour. And yet the Jefuit Serrarius agrees to make Dofitheus the Mafter oi'Sadoc, from whom the Sadducees are derived. See Sadducees.

Terttillian, making mention of the fame Dofitheus, ob- ferves, that he was the firft who dared to reject the Authority of the Prophets, by denying their Infpiration. But he makes that a Crime peculiar to this Sectary, which, in Reality,' is common to the whole SecF, who have never allowed any but the five Books of Mofes for divine.

DOUBLE 'Plea, in Law, is that wherein the Defendant alledgcs for himfelf two feveral Matters in Bar of the Ac- tion; whereof, either is fufficient to effect hisDefire, in debar- ring the Plaintiff. See Plea.

This is not admitted in the Common Law: for which reafon it is to be well obferv'd, when a Plea is double, and when not ; for if a Man alledge feveral Matters, one no- thing dependant on another, the Plea is accounted Double-, But if they be mutually depending on each other, then it is accounted but Single.

Double Quarrel, Duplex Querela, a Complaint made by a Clerk, or other, to the Arch-BiShop of the Province, againft an inferior Ordinary, for delaying JuSticc in fome Ecclefiaftical Caufe ; as to give Sentence," inftitute a Clerk prefented, or the like.

Its Denomination feems ow ing to this, that it is commonly made both againft the Judge, and him, at whofe Suit Juftice is delay'd.

Double Ratio. See Duple.

Double Vejfel, in Chymiftry, is when the Neck of one Bolt-Head, or Matrafs, is put, and well luted into the Neck of another.

It is alfo call'd zpellican. See Pellican, and Ma- trass.

Of