Page:Cyclopaedia, Chambers - Volume 1.djvu/605

 DOM

Golhit in his Memoires de Bourg. L. V. C. u. aflures uSj that the firft, on whom the Spaniards conferr'd the Title, was <j)om Pelayo ; when, upon their being routed, and driven out t j' cv rallied again on the Pyrenians, and made him King. [d 'Portugal, no body is allow'd to aflume the Title of Dom, w l,ich is a Badge or Token of Nobility, without the King's X-eave.
 * w the Sarazens, at the Beginning of the VHIth Century,

The Word is likewife us'd in France among fome Orders of B.eligi° us » isthtChartreux, BenediEiins, &c. The Re- verend Father Dom Calmer, Dom Alexis, Horn Baltha- f ar, &c. In the Plural they write Doms, with an s, in fpeak- jng of feveralRR PP. DomsClaude du Ruble, and Jacques <Domevr.

It is form'd from the Latin Dominus ; of which it is an Abbreviature. Dommis is found in divers Authors of the corrupter Latin. Onnfhrius allures us, it was a Title firft oiven the Pope alone ; then to the Bifhops,. Abbots, and others, who held any Ecclcfiaftical Dignity, or were eminent for Virtue, and Religion. At length it was ufurp'd by the m ere Monks.

Some fay, they declined the Title Dominus out of Humi- lity, as belonging to God alone ; and affuming that of Dom- , m s, as exprefling Inferiority, quafi minor Dominus. Indeed, the Appellation Domnus for Dominus appears very ancient, j, we confidcr the Surname of Julia, Wife of the Emperor Septimus Severus, who is caJTd on Medals, JVLIA DOM- NA, for JVLIA DOMINA.

DOMAIN, the Inheritance, Eftatc, Habitation, or Poffef- fion of any one.

Of boiv -much Evil was Caufe, not thy Converfion, but thofe rich Domains. Milton-.

Menage derives the Word from Domanium, wrote in the barbarous Latin for 'Dominium. DOM-Sock. See Domes-S«j'.

DOME, or DOOM, by the Saxons call'd Dom, fignifics Judgment, Sentence, Ordnance, or Decree.

The Homagers Oath in the Black-Book of Hereford ends thus : So help me God at his Holy Dome, and by my fro'.vthe.

Dome, in Architecture, a fpherical Roof; or a Work of a Spherical Form rais'd over the Middle of a Building, as Church, Hall, Pavillion, Veftible, Stair-Cafe, &c. by Way cf Crowning, or Acroter. See Roof, and Crowning.

Domes are the fame with what the Italians call Couppo- las ; and we frequently Cupola's: The Latins, according to Vitruvius, Tholi. See Cupola.

They are ufually made round ; tho' we have Inftances of fcjuare Ones ; as thofe of the Louvre : and others, that are Polygons, as that in the Jefuites Church in the Rue St. An- tboine at 'Paris. They have ufually Columns rang'd around their Out-fides, both by Way of Ornament, and to fupport the Vault.

A Flat Dome is that whole Sweep, or Contour, is lefs than a Hemifphere.

The Word is form'd from the Latin Doma, which among the Ancients fignified a Roof, or Open 'Porch ; as is obferv'd by 'Papias. "Tis frequent in the corrupt Latin Authors, who borrowed it from the Greeks, among whom Trulltts, mTrullum, is a commonName for any round Building, fuch as the Palace of Conftantinople, wherein was held the Coun- cil ; thence call'd in Trullo. See Trullus.

Dome, in Chymiftry, the arched Cover of a Reverberatory Furnace. See Reverberatory.

DOMES-Z)*v, or VOOMS-Day-Book, denominated Li- ber Judiciarius, velCenfualis AnglU, i. e. the Judicial Book, or Book of the Survey of England, is a molt ancient Record made in the Time of William the Conqueror j upon a Survey, orlnquifition of the feveral Counties, Hundreds, I'ithings, iSc. Its Name is form'd from Dom, Doom, Judgment, Sentence; and Day, which has the fame Force : So that Dome-Day is no more than a Reduplicative, founding, Judgment Judgment.

The Strefs, or Defign of the Book, is to be a Regifter, by which Sentence may be given in the Tenures ofEftates; and from which that noted Queftion, whether Lands be ancient Demefne, or not, is ftill decided. Its Contents are fumm'd up in the following Verfes.

g>uid deberent fifco, qu<e, quanta T'ributa, JSomine quid Cenfus, qu<e VeBigalia, quantum guifque teneretur feodali folvere Jure. gHti funt Exempti, vel quos Angaria demnat, (faii funt vel Glebs Servi, vel Conditionis, ghiove MamimijfusPatrono Jure ligatur. This Book is ftill remaining in the Exchequer, fair and legible ; confifting of two Volumes, a Greater, and a Lefs ; the Greater comprehending all the Counties of England, ex- cept Northumberland, Cumberland, Weftmoreland, Dur- ham, and Part of Lancafnire ; which were never furvey'd ; And except Effex, Suffolk, and Norfolk, which are compre- hended in the Leffer Volumn, which concludes with thefe Words: Anno Milhfnno Otlogefmio Sexto db Incarna-

I 239 ]

DOM

tione Domini, vigefimo vero Regis Wilhelmi, facia eft iJU Defcnptio non folum per hos tres Comitatus, fed etiam

It is call'd Liber Judicialis, by reafon a juft and ac- curate Defcription of the whole Kingdom is contai'n'd there- in; with the Value of the feveral Inheritances, ££r,

It was begun by five Juftices, affign'd for the Purpofe in each County, in the Tear 1081. and finifh'd in io8<f. Camb- den calls it, Guilielmi Librum Cenfualem, King William's Tax-Book.

Our Anceftors had many Dome-Books. We are told by Ingulphus, that King Alfred made a like Regifter, with that of William the Conqueror. It was begun upon that Prince's dividing his Kingdom into Counties, Hundreds, Ti- things, JSc. when an Inquilition being taken of the feveral Diftrifts, it was digefted into a Regifter, call'd Domboc, q. d. the Judgment-Book, and repofited in the Church of Win- chejter ; whence it is alfo call'd the Winchefter Book, and Magna Rolla Wintcn. And upon the Model of this Dom- boc it is, that the Doom-Day of the Conqueror was form'd.

That of King Alfred referr'd to the Time of King Ethel- red.

And that of the Conqueror, to the Time of Eduard the Confefjor : The Entries being thus made, C. tenet Rex Gmhelmus in Dominico, <$ valet, &c. ibi ducats, &c. T. R. E. valebat ; q. d. It was worth fo much 'Tempore Regis Eduardi, in the Time of King Eduard.

There is a third Dom-Boc, or Domes-Day-Book in 4°. differing from the other in Folio, rather in Form, than Mat- ter. It was made by order of the fame Conqueror ; and feems to be the more ancient of the two.

A fourth Book there is in theExchequer, call'd Domes-Day; which, tho' a very large Volume, is only an Abridgment of the other two. It has Abundance of Pict ures, and gilt Letters at the Beginning, which refer to the Time of Eduard the Confefjor. DOMESTIC, a Term of fomewhat more extent than that of Servant ; The latter only fignifying fuch as ferve for Wages, as Footmen, Lacqueys, Porters, &c. Whereas Do- meftic comprehends all who aft under a Man, compofe his Family, and live with him, or are iuppofed to live with him. Such are Secretaries, Chaplains, t3c.

Sometimes, Domeftic goes further, being applied to ths Wife and Children.

Domestic, Domefticos, Ao/wr/iM, in Antiquity, was a particular Officer in the Court of the Emperors of Conftauti- nople. ,

Fabrot in his GlofTary on Theophilax Simocatta, defines Domeftic, in the general, to be any Perfon intrufted with the Management ot Affairs of Importance ; a Councellour cu* pis fidei graviores alicujus Terrs, (S Sollicitudiuis com- mittuntur.

Others hold, that the Greeks call'd Domeftici thofe who at Rome were call'd Comites ; particularly, that they began to ufe the Name Domefticus, when that of Count was be- come a Name of Dignity, and ceas'd to be the Name of an Officer in the Prince's Family. See Count.

Domeftici, therefore, were fuch as were in the Serviee of the Prince; and affifted him in the Adminiftration of Affairs, both thofe of his Family, thofe of Juftice, and of the Church.

The Grand Domeftic, or Mega domefticus, call'd alfo by Way of Eminence the Domefticus, ferved at the Emperor's Table, in Quality of what we Occidentals call Dapifer. Others fay, he was rather what we call Majordomo.

The Domefticus Menfte did the Office of Grand Senefhal, or Steward.

The Domefticus Rei Domeftics afted as Mafter of the Houfhold.

Domefticus Scholarum, or Legionum, had the Command of the referved Forces, call'd Scholce 'Palatini?, whofe Office was to execute the immediate Orders of the Empire. See Schola.

Domefticus Murorum, had the Superintendance of all the Fortifications.

Domefticus Regionum, that is, of the Eaft and Weft, had the Care of public Affairs, much like our Attorney or Sol- licitor General.

Domefticus Icanatorum, or of the Military Cohorts. There were divers other Officers of the Army, who bore the Name Domefticus; which fignified no more than Com- mander, or Colonel. Thus, the Domeftic of the Legion t call'd Optimates, was the Commander thereof. See Legion. Domefticus Statorum.

Domefticus Chori, or Chanter, whereof there were two in the Church of Conftantinople ; the one on the right Side of the Church, and the other on the left. They were alfo call'd 'Protopfalftes, ifx"^'^ 1> om - M" '" diftinguifhes three Kinds of Domeftici in the Church. Domeftic of the Pa- triarchal Clergy, The Domeftic ojf the Imperial Clergy, that is, the Matter of the Empreffes Chappel : And the£>»- mefticus Deffinicus, or of the Emprefs. There was another

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